Fetal hydantoin syndrome
| Fetal hydantoin syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 Phenytoin |
|
| ICD-10 | Q86.1 |
| ICD-9 | 760.77 |
| OMIM | 132810 |
| DiseasesDB | 33179 |
Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy. The entire group of defects caused by the drug's teratogenicity is called Fetal Dilantin Syndrome.
It may also be called congenital hydantoin syndrome,[1] Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome, Dilantin Embryopathy, or Phenytoin Embryopathy.
Association with EPHX1 has been suggested.[2]
[edit] Prevalence and presentation
About one third of children whose mothers are taking this drug during pregnancy typically have children who have intrauterine growth restriction with microcephaly and develop minor dysmorphic craniofacial features and limb defects including hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges (birth defects). A smaller population will have growth problems and developmental delay, or mental retardation. Rare side effects include methemoglobinemia.
Heart defects[citation needed] and cleft lip[3] may also be featured.
[edit] References
- ^ Nicolai J, Vles JS, Aldenkamp AP (August 2008). "Neurodevelopmental delay in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero: a critical review directed at structural study-bias". J. Neurol. Sci. 271 (1-2): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.03.004. PMID 18479711. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-510X(08)00139-1.
- ^ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 132810
- ^ Easton JD (December 1972). "Potential hazards of hydantoin use". Ann. Intern. Med. 77 (6): 998–9. PMID 4644176. http://www.annals.org/content/77/6/998.extract.
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