File:Xianyun or Guifang. Anthropomorphic axe, bronze, excavated in Baicaopo, Lingtai County, Western Zhou period (1045-771 BCE) 人头形銎(qióng)青铜戟, 灵台县白草坡出土, 西周.jpg

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English: Xianyun or Guifang. Anthropomorphic axe, bronze, excavated in Baicaopo, Lingtai County, Western Zhou period (1045-771 BCE) 人头形銎(qióng)青铜戟, 灵台县白草坡出土, 西周

About this object (this is considered as a possible depiction of a Xianyun or Guifang): 还有一件造型奇特的人头形銎戟。戈、钺、戟等均是盛行于殷、商、西周乃至春秋战国时期的主要兵器,戟是戈、矛合体,兼有矛用于刺,戈用于钩或击的作用。人头形銎戟的刺锋为一人头,头顶为刃。西周人头形銎戟人像浓眉深目,披发鬈须,高耳耸鼻,吻部突出,颧骨处有一深深的嘴唇形状的线条纹饰。有考证系阿尔泰语系的北方游牧民族人种形象。可能是曾经对周朝北方边境构成严重军事威胁的猃狁部族,因相貌异于华夏,被称作“鬼方”。甲骨卜辞记载:“高宗伐鬼方,三年克之。”高宗就是殷王武丁,周当时是殷商的附属国,参与了对“鬼方”这场旷日持久的战争。商周时代盛行一种尚武风习,不仅用异族战俘祭祖,还喜用异族战俘的形象来装饰武器,以此炫耀战功,震慑敌人。至于嘴唇形状的线条纹饰,或文面之俗,或对战俘施行的烙面印记。Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) 灵台白草坡 西周墓葬里的青铜王国

Translation: "There is also a strange human-head-shaped halberd. Ge, axes and halberds are the main weapons popular in the Yin, Shang, Western Zhou and even the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. The halberd is a combination of Ge and spear, which can be used for stabbing and the Ge for hooking or striking. The edge of the human-head-shaped halberd is a human head, and the top of the head is a blade. The face of this Western Zhou head-shaped halberd, has thick eyebrows and deep eyes, long hair and a curly beard, high ears and nose, protruding mouth, and a deep lip-shaped line decoration on the cheekbones. Research suggests this image belongs to the northern nomadic people of the Altaic language family. It may be a member of the Xianyun tribe that once posed a serious military threat to the northern border of the Zhou Dynasty, and were called "Ghost people" (Guifang) because they looked different from the Chinese. Oracle bone inscriptions record: "Gaozong attacked the Guifang and defeated them after three years." Gaozong was King Wuding of Yin. Zhou was a vassal state of Yin and Shang at the time, and participated in the protracted war against "Guifang". A martial custom prevailed during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. They not only used foreign prisoners of war as sacrifice to worship their ancestors, but also they liked to decorate their weapons with the images of foreign prisoners of war to show off their military exploits and intimidate the enemy. As for the lines and stripes in the shape of the lips, it may be due to the custom of facial tattooing or the branding of prisoners of war."
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: Anthropomorphic axe, bronze, excavated in Baicaopo, Lingtai County, Western Zhou period (1045-771 BCE) 人头形銎(qióng)青铜戟, 灵台县白草坡出土, 西周.jpg
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Author Gary Todd

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Xianyun or Guifang. Anthropomorphic axe, bronze, excavated in Baicaopo, Lingtai County, Western Zhou period (1045-771 BCE) 人头形銎(qióng)青铜戟, 灵台县白草坡出土, 西周

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6 November 2023

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