Gangota
Gangotri or Gangota is a community from Bihar. Most are cultivators or landless agricultural labourers, while some of them hold lands. Their name is said to be derived from the Ganges, near where many of the community have settled.[1] The community is now listed as an OBC caste at the Centre and an EBC (Extremely Backward Caste) caste in Bihar. In Old Purnia district, a large number of Gangotri community members were Bataidars, or subtenants. Many, due to their residence by riverbanks, are marginal fishermen who have faced significant oppression from private fishery owners and later fish mafias who extort fishermen out of catches.[2]
In the late 19th century, the Gangotas had two sub-castes: Gangaji and Jahnavi. A man could not marry a woman of the same section or with descent from that section up to four generations back. Widowers can marry their late wife's younger sisters. Although in the late 19th century most claimed to practice infant marriage, adult marriage was similarly common. Sindoordan, or the giving of sindoor, was the binding portion of the marriage ceremony. Widows could remarry but were expected to marry their late husband's younger brother. There was no recognized divorce.[1]
They worship Jagdamba with husked rice and incense once or twice a month. On weddings, sickness or other significant occasions, Bhagwati is propitiated with goats, rice, ghee, tulsi leaves and sindoor.[1]
Their social status was similar to those of similar communities like the Koeri and Teli and Kurmi.[1] In 2022 Bihar caste-based survey, population of Gangota caste in Bihar was recorded to be 6,48,493 which was estimated to be 0.4961 percent of Bihar's population.[3]
Distribution[edit]
Gangotas are distributed largely in the 5,656 sq km stretch of Bhagalpur district of Bihar. The area they inhabited were flood prone, and every year after the flood water receded the river banks (Diara), the upper-caste landlords mobilized their private armies to capture the deserted land and prevent the Gangotas from acquiring their erstwhile homes. The unscrupulous activity of the upper castes forced many of them to join the underground activities like banditry and other organised crime leading to serious law and order problems in the district.[4] In Bihar, they are numerically preponderant in four Assembly constituencies: Kahalgaon Assembly constituency, Bihpur Assembly constituency, Gopalpur Assembly constituency and Nathnagar Assembly constituency. In these Assembly segments, they play significant role in electing a candidate to Bihar Legislative Assembly.[5]
Notables[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d Risley, H. H. (1891). The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, Ethnographic Glossary, Vol. I. Bengal Secretariat Press (Calcutta).
- ^ Dey, Subhasis; Choudhary, Sunil Kumar; Dey, Sushant; Deshpande, Kadambari; Kelkar, Nachiket (2019-10-02). "Identifying potential causes of fish declines through local ecological knowledge of fishers in the Ganga River, eastern Bihar, India". Fisheries Management and Ecology. 27 (2): 140–154. doi:10.1111/fme.12390. ISSN 0969-997X. S2CID 208581896.
- ^ "List of caste wise population of Bihar". live Hindustan. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ Farznand Ahmed (ed.). "Pall of fear hangs over Bhagalpur as criminals go on the rampage". India Today. Archived from the original on 2022-08-23. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "Erosion in voterbank worries BJP & RJD". Times of India. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
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