Grand empress dowager

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Grand empress dowager (also grand dowager empress or grand empress mother) (Chinese and Japanese: 太皇太后; pinyin: tàihuángtàihòu; rōmaji: taikōtaigō; Korean: 태황태후; romaja: Tae Hwang Tae Hu; Vietnamese: Thái Hoàng thái hậu) was a title given to the grandmother,[1] or a woman from the same generation, of the Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese emperors. Some grand empress dowagers held regency within the beginning years of reign of an underage emperor. Some of the most prominent empress dowagers held extended long periods of regency, to beyond after the ruler was mature enough to govern alone. This was seen as a source of political turmoil, according to the traditional views of Chinese historians.

Chinese grand empress dowagers

Han Dynasty

Cao Wei

Jin Dynasty (265–420)

Liu Song Dynasty

Chen Dynasty

Northern Wei Dynasty

Northern Qi Dynasty

Northern Zhou Dynasty

Tang Dynasty

Song Dynasty

  • Grand Empress Dowager Cao (1067–1085), during the reign of Emperor Shenzong
  • Grand Empress Dowager Gao Taotao (1085–1093), during the reign of Emperor Zhezong
  • Grand Empress Dowager Wu (1189–1197), during the reign of Emperor Guangzong
  • Grand Empress Dowager Xie (1194–1203), during the reign of Emperor Ningzong
  • Grand Empress Dowager Xie Daoqing (1274–1276), during the reign of Emperor Gong; the proceeding two emperors were her grandsons but they were fleeing from the Mongols

Liao Dynasty

  • Grand Empress Dowager Xiao Noujin (1055–1057), during the reign of Emperor Daozong
  • Grand Empress Dowager Xiao Tansi (1101–1118), during the reign of Emperor Tianzuo

Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)

  • Tangkuo, Grand Empress Dowager of Qingyuan Palace (1135–1136), during the reign of Emperor Xizong
  • Heshilie, Grand Empress Dowager of Mingde Palace (1135–1143), during the reign of Emperor Xizong

Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

See also

References

  1. ^ Twitchett, Denis C.; Mote, Frederick W. (1998-01-28). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780521243339.
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