Grumpan bracteate
The Grumpan bracteate, designated as runic inscription Vg 207 by Rundata, is a gold C-bracteate found in Västergötland, Sweden in 1911. It is dated to the 6th century.
[edit] Runic inscription
The Grumpan bracteate is notable as an early attestation of the division of the Elder Futhark row into three groups or ættir of eight runes each ætt.[1] On the Grumpan bracteate, the runes of each ætt are separated by a row of dots.[1]
The following is a drawing of the inscription by Sigurd Agrell (Lapptrummor och runmagi, 1934):
Transliteration:
- fuþarkgw : hnijïp[zs] : tbeml(ŋ)(o)d[2]
The Grumpan bracteate is damaged at the upper end near the eyelet, at the end of the second ætt, so that the z and s runes are lost.[3] The rune transcribed as (ŋ) above actually has the shape of the z rune.[clarification needed]
Full listings of the Elder Futhark are known from the beginning of the 5th century, with the Kylver stone, and other early examples such as the Vadstena bracteate, Charnay Fibula.[3] The sequences given in these listings are mostly in agreement, except for the possible inversion of the positions of p, ï and of d, o.
[edit] References
- ^ a b Page, Raymond I. (1973). An Introduction to English Runes. Methuen & Co. pp. 62. http://books.google.com/books?id=7cgOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
- ^ Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk - Rundata.
- ^ a b Elliott, Ralph Warren Victor (1959). Runes: An Introduction. Manchester University Press. pp. 14. ISBN 0-7190-0787-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=SDS8AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
