Haplogroup R-L21
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| Haplogroup R-L21 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Possible time of origin | 4,500 years |
| Possible place of origin | Central Europe |
| Ancestor | R1b (R-M343) * R-M269 ** R-L151 *** R-P312 **** R-S461 |
| Descendants | R-A7905 R-A5846 R-DF63 R-DF13 |
| Highest frequencies | English Irish Scottish Welsh Bretons |
R-L21 or R1b1a2a1a2c, also known as R-M529 or R-S145, is a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is often linked to the Celtic peoples, and their migrations into Western Europe, during the Bronze and Iron Ages.
One subclade, R-DF13 is numerically dominant amongst both bearers of R-L21 in general, and among living males in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.[1]
Origin
R-L21 is likely a haplogroup belonging to the Celts, whose ancestors (Proto-Indo-Europeans) migrated to Western Europe during the Bronze Age, populating the majority of what is now Ireland, Britain, North-West France (Armorica), and North-West Iberia.[citation needed]
The marker is also found to a lesser extent in the remainder of France, western Switzerland, the Low Countries, northwestern Germany, Norway and Denmark.[citation needed]
Current dispersion
Currently this haplogroup is mostly found among the inhabitants of Ireland and Great Britain, but is also found in Brittany, northern France, modern Northern Portugal, Galicia and Asturias in the northwest of Spain,[citation needed] and has some presence in Belgium[citation needed] and the Netherlands. [2]
Archaeological testing
Three Early Bronze Age men (2026–1534 cal BC) from burials on Rathlin Island off the north coast of Ireland were all R1b1a2a1a2c, or R-L21. Rathlin2 was further defined as R1b1a2a1a2c1, or R-DF13/S521/CTS241. Rathlin1 was further defined as R1b1a2a1a2c1g, or R-DF21/S192.[3]
References
- ^ Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2018, International Society of Genetic Genealogy
- ^ Altena, Eveline; Smeding, Risha; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Decorte, Ronny; Lao, Oscar; Kayser, Manfred; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa; de Knijff, Peter (2019). "The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape". European Journal of Human Genetics. 28 (3): 287–299. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 7029002. PMID 31488894.
- ^ Cassidy, Lara M.; Martiniano, Rui; Murphy, Eileen M.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; Mallory, James; Hartwell, Barrie; Bradley, Daniel G. (2016). "Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (2): 368–373. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..368C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518445113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4720318. PMID 26712024.