Henry Margenau
Henry Margenau | |
|---|---|
 Henry Margenau | |
| Born | April 30, 1901 |
| Died | February 8, 1997 (aged 95) |
| Nationality | German |
| Citizenship | American |
| Alma mater | Midland College University of Nebraska-Lincoln Yale University |
| Known for | Microwave theory, Nuclear physics, Philosophical foundations of physics, Philosophy. |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics, Philosophy |
| Institutions | Yale University |
| Theses |
|
| Doctoral advisor | Louis Williams McKeehan |
| Other academic advisors | Burton Evans Moore (M.S. advisor) |
| Notable students | Murray Gell-Mann |
Henry Margenau (April 30, 1901 – February 8, 1997) was a German-American physicist, and philosopher of science.[1]
Biography
Early life
Born in Bielefeld, Germany, Margenau obtained his bachelor's degree from Midland Lutheran College, Nebraska before his M.Sc. from the University of Nebraska in 1926, and PhD from Yale University in 1929.
World War II
Margenau worked on the theory of microwaves and the development of duplexing systems that enabled a single radar antenna both to transmit and receive signals. He also worked on spectral line broadening, a technique used to analyse and review the dynamics of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
Philosophy and history of science
Margenau wrote extensively on science, his works including: Ethics and Science, The Nature of Physical Reality, Quantum Mechanics and Integrative Principles of Modern Thought. He wrote in 1954 the important introduction for the classic book of Hermann von Helmholtz, On the Sensations of Tone.
Free Will
In 1968, Margenau was invited to give the Wimmer Lecture at St. Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. His topic was Scientific Indeterminism and Human Freedom. Margenau embraced indeterminism as the first step toward a solution of the problem of human freedom.[2]
Then in 1982, Margenau called his two-stage model of free will a "solution" to what had heretofore had been seen as mere "paradox and illusion."[3] He very neatly separates "free" and "will" in a temporal sequence, as William James had done, naming the two stages simply "chance" followed by "choice."
"Our thesis is that quantum mechanics leaves our body, our brain, at any moment in a state with numerous (because of its complexity we might say innumerable) possible futures, each with a predetermined probability. Freedom involves two components: chance (existence of a genuine set of alternatives) and choice. Quantum mechanics provides the chance, and we shall argue that only the mind can make the choice by selecting (not energetically enforcing) among the possible future courses."[4]
Religious interests
Margenau served on a commission of the World Council of Churches in developing an ecumenical position on nuclear weapons and atomic warfare. However, his book The Miracle of Existence (Ox Bow Press, 1984) shows Margenau's broad interests not only in Christianity, but also in Eastern religions and his fascination with finding connections among different religious and philosophical traditions.
Post-war Yale
Margenau was appointed Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics and Natural Philosophy as Yale in 1950, a post he was to hold until his retirement from formal academic life in 1986. He also became a staff member at both the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and the MIT Radiation Laboratory. During his working career, he acted as consultant to the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Argonne National Laboratory, Rand Corporation, General Electric Co. and Lockheed.
Margenau's work embraced investigation of intermolecular forces, spectroscopy, nuclear physics and electronics. He was also interested in parapsychology.[5] He co-authored parapsychological papers with his friend Lawrence LeShan.[6]
He was married to Liesel Noe and the couple parented two sons and a daughter. Margenau died in Hamden, Connecticut.
Honours and awards
- Guggenheim Fellowship
- Fulbright Fellowship
- William Clyde DeVane Medal from the Yale chapter of Phi Beta Kappa for outstanding teaching and scholarship (1970).
- Laszlo & Sellon (eds) (1976). Vistas in Physical Reality: Papers in Honor of Henry Margenau. Plenum Press.
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Works
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- Margenau, H. (1992). Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo Sapiens. Open Court Publishing Company.
- This book and Margenau each receive a mention in a December 28, 1992 Time magazine article: Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists
- Margenau, H. (1984). The Miracle of Existence. Ox Bow Press.
- LeShan, L. and Margenau, H. (1982). Einstein's Space and Van Gogh's Sky: Physical Reality and Beyond. Macmillan.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Margenau, H. (1978). Physics and Philosophy: Selected Essays. D. Reidel Co.
- Lindsay, R. B.; Margenau, H. (1936). Foundations of Physics. J. Wiley & Sons.
- Margenau, H. (1950). The Nature of Physical Reality. McGraw Hill.
- Margenau, H. (1953). Physics: Principles and Applications. McGraw Hill.
- Margenau, H. (1961). Open Vistas: Philosophical Perspectives on Modern Science. Yale University Press.
- Margenau, H. (1964). The Scientist. TimeLife books.
- Margenau, H. (1958). Thomas and the Physics of 1958: A Confrontation. Marquette University Press.
- Margenau, H. Murphy, G. The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) 1943[7] 1956[8]
See also
Notes
- ^ Adair, Robert (August 1997). "Obituary: Henry Margenau". Physics Today. 50 (8): 77–78. Bibcode:1997PhT....50R..77A. doi:10.1063/1.881864. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
- ^ Scientific Indeterminism and Human Freedom, The Archabbey Press (1968) p.69
- ^ Laurence LeShan and Henry Margenau, Einstein's Space and Van Gogh's Sky, Macmillan (1982)
- ^ ibid, p.240
- ^ McConnell, Robert A. (1981). Encounters with Parapsychology. Pittsburgh. pp. 118-126
- ^ LeShan, Lawrence. (1984). From Newton to ESP. Turnstone Press. pp. 13, 200
- ^ Cross, Paul C. (1945). "Review: The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry, by H. Margenau and G. M. Murphy". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 51 (7): 508–509. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1945-08395-5.
- ^ Boas, R. P. (1959). "Review: The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry, 2nd ed., by Henry Margenau and George Moseley Murphy". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 65 (4). D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, Inc.: 249–251. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1959-10327-X.
External links
- Yale obituary
- Henry Margenau on Information Philosopher
- "Letter" (PDF). (96.4 KiB) from Margenau to Marshall Warren Nirenberg
- (abstract) Negotiating the Boundaries of Science and Religion: The Case of Henry Margenau, William A. Durbin, Zygon, Volume 34, Issue 1, Date: March 1999, Pages: 167-193
- (abstract) Beyond Relativism and Foundationalism: a prolegomenon to Future Research in ethics, J. W. Traphagan, Zygon, Volume 29, Issue 2, Date: June 1994, Pages: 153-172
- "Murray Gell-Mann — Henry Margenau's physics class (11/200), Web of Stories". YouTube. 6 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
- Henry Margenau papers (MS 129). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. [1]
- 1901 births
- 1997 deaths
- American Lutherans
- American nuclear physicists
- German emigrants to the United States
- 20th-century American physicists
- Historians of science
- Manhattan Project people
- Midland University alumni
- Parapsychologists
- Philosophers of science
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
- Yale University faculty
- 20th-century American historians
- 20th-century Lutherans
- Writers about religion and science