Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia

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Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia
Picture of Herman I in the Elisabethpsalter
Bornc. 1155
Died(1217-04-25)25 April 1217
Gotha
BuriedReinhardsbrunn
Noble familyLudowingians
Spouse(s)Sophia of Sommerschenburg
Sophia of Wittelsbach
FatherLouis II, Landgrave of Thuringia
MotherJudith of Hohenstaufen

Hermann I (died 25 April 1217), Landgrave of Thuringia, was the second son of Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia (the Hard), and Judith of Hohenstaufen, the sister of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The composition of the Latin hymns Veni Sancte Spiritus and Salve palatine of Saxony are attributed to him.

Life

Little is known of his early years, but in 1180 Hermann joined a coalition against Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, and with his brother, Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia, suffered a short imprisonment after his defeat by Henry at Weissensee. The brothers were released the following year.[1] Ludwig had been made Count Palatine of Saxony as a reward for his services to the emperor, but transferred the dignity to Hermann. He strengthened his authority over the County Palatine by marrying Sophia, daughter of Lutgard of Stade and Frederick II of Sommerschenburg, a former Count Palatine.

Louis III died in 1190. Emperor Henry VI attempted to seize Thuringia as a vacant fief of the Holy Roman Empire, but Hermann frustrated the plan and established himself as the landgrave. Having joined a league against the emperor, he was accused, probably wrongly, of an attempt to murder him.[citation needed] Henry VI was not only successful in detaching Hermann from the hostile combination, but gained his support for the scheme to unite Sicily with the Empire.

Hermann went on crusade in 1197 but returned on news of Henry VI's death.[1] In the wars between the rival kings, Philip of Swabia and Otto of Brunswick (1198-1208), Hermann's support was purchased by the late emperor's brother, Duke Philip of Swabia, but as soon as Philip's cause appeared to be weakening he transferred his allegiance to Otto of Brunswick, the later Emperor Otto IV. Philip accordingly invaded Thuringia in 1204 and compelled Hermann to come to terms by which he surrendered the lands he had obtained in 1198. After the death of Philip and the recognition of Otto, Hermann was among the princes who assembled at Nuerberg in 1211 and invited Frederick of Hohenstaufen, King of Sicily, (afterwards Emperor Frederick II), to come to Germany and assume the crown. In consequence of this step the Saxons attacked Thuringia, but the landgrave was saved by Frederick's arrival in Germany in 1212.

After the death of his first wife in 1195, Hermann married Sophia, daughter of Otto of Wittelsbach. By her he had four sons, two of whom, Louis IV of Thuringia and Henry Raspe, succeeded their father in turn as landgrave. His oldest son Ludwig, who succeeded him, was the husband of St. Elizabeth of Hungary. Hermann died at Gotha in 1217 and was buried at Reinhardsbrunn.

Hermann was fond of the society of men of letters, and Walther von der Vogelweide and other Minnesingers were welcomed to his castle, the Wartburg. In this connection he figures in Richard Wagner's Tannhäuser.

Issue

With Sophia of Sommerschenburg:

  • Jutta (1184-1235), married twice:
    1. in 1194 to Margrave Theodoric I of Meissen (1161-1221)
    2. in 1223 to Count Poppo VII of Henneberg (d. 1245)
  • Hedwig, married in 1211 to Count Albert II of Weimar-Orlamünde

With Sophia of Wittelsbach:

Ancestry

Family of Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia
16. Louis the Bearded
8. Louis the Springer
17. Cecilia of Sangerhausen
4. Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia
18. Lothair Udo II, Margrave of the Nordmark
9. Adelheid of Stade
19. Oda of Werl
2. Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia
20. Either Giso II or Giso III
10. Giso IV, Count of Gudensberg
21. Mathilde
5. Hedwig of Gudensberg
22. Rugger II, Count of Bilstein
11. Kunigunde of Bilstein
1. Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia
24. Frederick of Büren
12. Frederick I, Duke of Swabia
25. Hildegard of Egisheim
6. Frederick II, Duke of Swabia
26. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
13. Agnes of Germany
27. Bertha of Savoy
3. Judith of Hohenstaufen
28. Sigebert I, Count of Saarbrücken
14. Frederick I, Count of Saarbrücken
7. Agnes of Saarbrücken
30. Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine
15. Gisela of Lorraine
31. Gertrude of Flanders

References

  1. ^ a b Remy, Arthur F.J. "Hermann I." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 13 Dec. 2012
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hermann I of Thuringia.

Sources

  • Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • E. Winkelmann, Philipp von Schwaben und Otto IV. von Braunschweig (Leipzig, 1873–1878)
  • T. Knochenhauer, Geschichte Thüringens (Gotha, 1871)
  • F. Wachter, Thüringische and obersächsische Geschichte (Leipzig, 1826)

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