Homogenization (chemistry)

Homogenization or homogenisation is any of several processes used to make a chemical mixture the same throughout. (The prefix homo- coming from the Greek, meaning the same.)

Definition

Homogenization is intensive blending of mutually related substances or groups of mutually related substances to form a constant of different insoluble phases (sometimes within addition of surfactants) to obtain a suspension or emulsion.

Application

One of the oldest applications of homogenization is in milk processing. It is normally preceded by "standardization" (the mixing of several different milking herds and/or dairies to produce a more consistent raw milk prior to processing and to prevent or delay natural separation of cream from the rest of the emulsion). The fat in milk normally separates from the water and collects at the top. Homogenization breaks the fat into smaller sizes so it no longer separates, allowing the sale of non-separating milk at any fat specification.

Methods

Homogenizing valve, a method to homogenize at high pressure.

Milk homogenization is accomplished by mixing massive amounts of harvested milk to create a constant, then forcing the milk at high pressure through small holes. Yet another method of homogenization uses extruders, hammermills, or colloid mills to mill (grind) solids. Milk homogenization is an essential tool of the milk food industry to prevent creating various levels of flavor and fat concentration.

Another application of homogenization is in soft drinks like cola products. The reactant mixture is rendered to intense homogenization, to as much as 35,000 psi, so that various constituents do not separate out during storage or distribution.

See also

• Shake well
• French pressure cell press
• Homogenizer
• Cell disruption

External links

• explanation of the technology along with theories on how the homogenization mechanism actually works.
• Results from Homogenizer Samples including plants, foods and various tissues and homogenization equipment used

For more about homogenization methods:

• Homogenization Concept The Dynamic High Pressure
• How Stuff Works - Homogenization and Pasteurization
• Homogenizing valve and Homogenizing effect - Interactive animated process
• Homogenizing with Blades, Rotors and Pressure homogenizers.

For more about the technology behind this method see:

• homogenization equipment with detailed description
• High Throughput Homogenization
• Eliminating Cross Contamination During Homogenization

Bullet Blender - homogenizer for tissue or cell cultures

• Homogenizer for tissue or cell cultures