Hryhorii Makhno
Hryhorii Ivanovych Makhno | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Григорій Іванович Махно |
| Born | 24 January 1886 Huliaipole, Alexandrovsky, Yekaterinoslav,  Russian Empire |
| Died | January 1920 (aged 33–34) |
| Allegiance | Russian Empire (1907-1917) DKRSR (1918) RSFSR (1918-1919) Makhnovshchina (1919-1920) |
| Service/ |  Imperial Russian Army (1907-1917) Red Army (1918-1919) Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (1919-1920) |
| Years of service | 1907-1920 |
| Battles/wars | |
Hryhorii Ivanovych Makhno (24 January 1886 – January 1920) was a Ukrainian rebel commander and brother of Nestor Makhno.
Biography
Hryhorii was born into a peasant family in the village of Huliaipole on 24 January 1883 to Ivan Rodionovych Mikhnenko and Evdokiia Matveevna Perederyi. He was married to a peasant woman Khristina, had two daughters Maria and Elizabeth.[1]
In 1907 he joined the anarcho-communist Union of Poor Peasants. In the same year he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army, in which he fought during World War I.[1]
In 1918 he took part in the defense of the Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic as part of an anarcho-communist detachment, with which he retreated to Tsaritsyn. In Tsaritsyn, Hryhorii was appointed chief of staff of the 37th Brigade of the Red Army on the Tsaritsyn front.
In the spring of 1919 he returned to his native Huliaipole and joined the Makhnovists. In the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU), Hryhorii served as brigade commander and for some time was the chief of staff of the united rebel troops of Nestor Makhno and Nykyfor Hryhoriv, then a member of the headquarters of the RIAU.[2][3]
According to one version, he was killed in a battle with the White Guards near Uman on 18 September 1919, together with Isidor Lyuty.[4][5]
According to the second version, Hryhorii died, having stumbled upon a chain of cavalrymen in Polohy. He drove up to them, thinking that they were Makhnovists. But it was the cavalry of the cadets, who killed Gregory and took from him 20,000 gold rubles and 700,000 Nikolaev rubles.[6]
There is information that Hryhorii was captured and shot by soldiers of the 42nd Rifle Division in January 1920 in the Huliaipole Volost.[7]
Memory
In the 1920s, the RIAU included an armored train called the “Memory of Hryhorii Makhno”.[8] "Armored train in memory of the freedom fighter comrade Hryhorii Makhno" was written in red paint on the armored train, over the old inscription.[6]
References
- ^ a b Danilov, Victor Petrovich (2006). Нестор Махно: Крестьянское движение на Украине, 1918—1921 : Документы и материалы (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: ROSSPEN. p. 823. ISBN 9785824307696. OCLC 741204339.
- ^ Belash, Alexander Viktorovich; Belash, Victor Fedorovich (1993). Дороги Нестора Махно (in Russian). Kyiv: РВЦ "Проза". p. 331. ISBN 9785770738148. OCLC 429142607.
- ^ Danilov, Victor Petrovich (2006). Нестор Махно: Крестьянское движение на Украине, 1918—1921 : Документы и материалы (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: ROSSPEN. p. 760. ISBN 9785824307696. OCLC 741204339.
- ^ Серьогін, С. (1998). Третій шлях: Історико-документальне видання, присвячене 110-й річниці з дня народження Н.І.Махно (in Ukrainian). Huliaipole: Гуляйпільська друкарня. pp. 138–139.
- ^ Arshinov, Peter (1974). "Chapter 11. Makhno's Personality. Biographical Notes on Some Members of the Movement". History of the Makhnovist Movement (1918–1921). Translated by Lorraine Perlman; Fredy Perlman. Detroit: Black & Red Books. OCLC 579425248.
- ^ a b Danilov, Victor Petrovich (2006). Нестор Махно: Крестьянское движение на Украине, 1918—1921 : Документы и материалы (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: ROSSPEN. p. 815. ISBN 9785824307696. OCLC 741204339.
- ^ Belash, Alexander Viktorovich; Belash, Victor Fedorovich (1993). Дороги Нестора Махно (in Russian). Kyiv: РВЦ "Проза". p. 418. ISBN 9785770738148. OCLC 429142607.
- ^ Danilov, Victor Petrovich (2006). Нестор Махно: Крестьянское движение на Украине, 1918—1921 : Документы и материалы (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: ROSSPEN. p. 787. ISBN 9785824307696. OCLC 741204339.