Jaguar (supercomputer)
.JPG) | |
| Active | 2005-2012 |
|---|---|
| Operators | Cray Inc. |
| Location | United States Of America |
| Architecture | 224,256 AMD Opteron processors |
| Operating system | Cray Linux Environment |
| Speed | 1.75 petaflops (peak) |
| Cost | US$104 million[1] (equivalent to $162 million in 2023) |
| Ranking | TOP500: 3, June 2011 |
| Website | http://www.nccs.gov/computing-resources/jaguar/ |
Jaguar or OLCF-2 was a petascale supercomputer built by Cray at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The massively parallel Jaguar had a peak performance of just over 1,750 teraFLOPS (1.75 petaFLOPS). It had 224,256 x86-based AMD Opteron processor cores,[2] and operated with a version of Linux called the Cray Linux Environment.[3] Jaguar was a Cray XT5 system, a development from the Cray XT4 supercomputer.
In both November 2009 and June 2010, TOP500, the semiannual list of the world's top 500 supercomputers, named Jaguar as the world's fastest computer. In late October 2010, the BBC reported that the Chinese supercomputer Tianhe-1A had taken over the top spot, achieving over 2.5 quadrillion calculations per second, thereby bumping Jaguar to second place. The November 2010 TOP500 list confirmed the new rankings.[4][5]
In 2012, the Cray XT5 Jaguar was upgraded to the Cray XK7 Titan hybrid supercomputing system by adding the Gemini network interconnect and fitting all of the compute nodes with Kepler generation Nvidia GPUs.[6][7][8]
Development
[edit]The Jaguar system has been through a series of upgrades since installation as a 25-teraFLOPS Cray XT3 in 2005. By early 2008, Jaguar was a 263-teraFLOPS Cray XT4. In 2008, Jaguar was expanded with the addition of a 1.4-petaFLOPS Cray XT5. By 2009, after an upgrade from 2.3 GHz 4-core Barcelona AMD processors to 2.6 GHz 6-core Istanbul AMD processors, the resulting system had over 200,000 processing cores connected internally with Cray's Seastar2+ network.[9] The XT4 and XT5 parts of Jaguar are combined into a single system using an InfiniBand network that links each piece to the Spider file system.
Jaguar's XT5 partition contains 18,688 compute nodes in addition to dedicated login/service nodes. Each XT5 compute node contains dual hex-core AMD Opteron 2435 (Istanbul) processors and 16 GiB of memory. Jaguar's XT4 partition contains 7,832 compute nodes in addition to dedicated login/service nodes. Each XT4 compute node contains a quad-core AMD Opteron 1354 (Budapest) processor and 8 GiB of memory. Total combined memory amounts to over 360 terabytes (TB).[10]
Jaguar uses an external Lustre file system called Spider[11] for all file storage. The file system read/write benchmark is 240 GB/s, and it provides over 10 petabytes (PB) of storage.[12]
Hundreds of applications have been ported to run on the Cray XT series, many of which have been scaled up to run on 20,000 to 150,000 processor cores.[13]
The petaFLOPS Jaguar seeks to address some of the most challenging scientific problems in areas such as climate modeling, renewable energy, materials science, seismology, chemistry, astrophysics, fusion, and combustion. Annually, 80 percent of Jaguar's resources are allocated through DOE's Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program, a competitively selected, peer-reviewed process open to researchers from universities, industry, government, and non-profit organizations.
See also
[edit]- Phoenix (supercomputer) – OLCF-1
- Titan (supercomputer) – OLCF-3
- Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility
- Computer science
- Computing
References
[edit]- ^ "ORNL officially accepts Cray XT5 (Jaguar) | Frank Munger's Atomic City Underground | knoxnews.com". Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- ^ "Jaguar", NCCS, archived from the original on December 7, 2009, retrieved November 25, 2009
- ^ "Jaguar", TOP500, archived from the original on November 19, 2009, retrieved November 20, 2009
- ^ "China claims supercomputer crown". BBC News Online. October 28, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
- ^ "China Grabs Supercomputing Leadership Spot in Latest Ranking of World's Top 500 Supercomputers". TOP500. November 11, 2010. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2010.
- ^ Cray's Titan Supercomputer for ORNL Could Be World's Fastest by Damon Poeter PC Magazine, October 11, 2011 [1]
- ^ GPUs Will Morph ORNL's Jaguar Into 20-Petaflop Titan by Michael Feldman HPC Wire, October 11, 2011 [2]
- ^ Oak Ridge changes Jaguar's spots from CPUs to GPUs by Timothy Prickett Morgan, The Register October 11, 2011 [3]
- ^ https://cug.org/5-publications/proceedings_attendee_lists/CUG10CD/pages/1-program/final_program/CUG10_Proceedings/pages/authors/06-10Tuesday/07-Bland-paper.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Jaguar System", NCCS, archived from the original on December 7, 2009, retrieved July 3, 2010
- ^ Spider Up and Spinning Connections to All Computing Platforms at ORNL
- ^ "Jaguar: The World's Most Powerful Computer" (PDF), Bland, et al, (paper presented at CUG 2009, ORNL)., archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2012
- ^ ibid