Joyce Gilchrist

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Joyce Gilchrist is a former forensic chemist who had participated in over 3,000 criminal cases in 21 years while working for the Oklahoma City police department,[1][2] and who was accused of falsifying evidence.[1][3] Her evidence led in part to 23 people being sentenced to death, 11 of whom have been executed.[1] After her dismissal, Gilchrist alleged that she was fired in retaliation for reporting sexual misconduct.[4]

Contents

[edit] Biography

Gilchrist earned the nickname "Black Magic" for her ability to match DNA evidence that other forensic examiners could not.[1] She was also known for being unusually adept at testifying and persuading juries, thus obtaining convictions.[1][5] In 1994, Gilchrist was promoted to supervisor from forensic chemist after just 9 years on the job,[1] but her colleagues began to raise concerns about her work.[1][6][7]

Gilchrist was dismissed due to "flawed casework analysis" and "laboratory mismanagement".[7] Concerns about Gilchrist's actions were first raised when a landscaper, Jeffrey Todd Pierce, who had been convicted of rape in 1986 largely based on Gilchrist's evidence despite a clean record and good alibi, was exonerated based on additional DNA evidence.

Pierce, a husband and the father of two infant children, was misidentified in a police line-up. After voluntarily giving hair and blood samples to the police investigators in an attempt to clear his name, he was arrested and charged with the rape. Gilchrist claimed his hair samples were "microscopically consistent" with the hairs found at the crime scene. Pierce lost his family and never saw his children grow up[citation needed]. He was cleared of the crime in 2001 after DNA evidence was re-examined, and released after 15 years in prison. He subsequently filed a lawsuit against Oklahoma City seeking 75 million dollars and charging that Gilchrist and Bob Macy, a now retired district attorney, conspired to produce false evidence against him.[4][8]. The suit was settled for $4 million in 2007, with one Oklahoma City councilman noting that the city could have had to pay much more.[9]

[edit] Aftermath

Other cases from individuals convicted on Gilchrist's testimony continue to work their way through the courts.

One notable case is that of Michael Blair. Blair was sentenced to die for the murder of a young girl in 1993.[10] The evidence leading to his conviction included shafts of hair found near the girl's body and in Blair's car.[10] New DNA evidence showed that the hair matched neither the girl, nor Blair.[10] During the early 1990s, Oklahoma state law did not allow defense attorneys to use government funds to hire other forensic scientists to verify Gilchrist's claims. However, during appeals of Malcolm Rent Johnson's death penalty case, two forensic experts hired by the defense were critical of Gilchrist's testimony, particularly as it relied upon several "blue-colored hairs" that seemed too "ubiquitous" to be useful evidence.[11]

Another case is that of Curtis McCarty, who was released in 2007 after spending nearly 20 years on death row. The courts found that Gilchrist acted to either alter or intentionally lose evidence. In 2009 McCarty's lawsuit reached a settlement in which Gilchrist was responsible for a payment of over $16 million, an amount that she is attempting to force the city to pay.[12]

Over 1,700 cases in which Gilchrist's evidence was significant to a conviction were reviewed by the state of Oklahoma.[4][8] Her attorney stated that, "The criticism of her around here is second only to that of Timothy McVeigh."[1] After her dismissal, Gilchrist filed a lawsuit seeking 20.1 million dollars, claiming that her firing was actually motivated by revenge, after she reported sexual misconduct by her supervisor.[4]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Luscombe, Belinda (May 13, 2001). "When The Evidence Lies". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on May 8, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C109568%2C00.html&date=2009-05-08. Retrieved May 9, 2009. 
  2. ^ Yardley, Jim (May 2, 2001). "Inquiry Focuses on Scientists Employed by Prosecutors". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 8, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F05%2F02%2Fus%2Finquiry-focuses-on-scientist-employed-by-prosecutors.html&date=2009-05-08. Retrieved May 8, 2009. 
  3. ^ Franklin E. Zimring. (2003). The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195178203. http://books.google.com/?id=4HTVhOX5t7gC&pg=PA161&lpg=PA161&dq=Joyce+Gilchrist. Retrieved May 8, 2009. 
  4. ^ a b c d "Police Chemist's Suit Says Firing Was Retaliatory". The New York Times. April 26, 2002. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F04%2F26%2Fus%2Fpolice-chemist-s-suit-says-firing-was-retaliatory.html&date=2009-05-09. Retrieved May 9, 2009. 
  5. ^ Fuhrman, Mark (2003). Death and Justice. HarperCollins. ISBN 0060732083. http://books.google.com/?id=BtY4-YryxZsC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Joyce+Gilchrist. Retrieved May 8, 2009. 
  6. ^ Dwyer, Kevin; Fiorillo, Juré (2006). True Stories of Law & Order : The Real Crimes Behind the Best Episodes of the Hit TV Show. New York: Berkley Boulevard. ISBN 0425211908. http://books.google.com/?id=8GpnqiGTAS0C&pg=RA1-PA220&dq=Joyce+Gilchrist. Retrieved May 8, 2009. 
  7. ^ a b "Police Chemist Accused of Shoddy Work Is Fired". The New York Times. September 26, 2001. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F09%2F26%2Fus%2Fpolice-chemist-accused-of-shoddy-work-is-fired.html&date=2009-05-09. Retrieved May 9, 2009. 
  8. ^ a b "Under The Microscope". CBS News. July 24, 2002. Archived from the original on May 8, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2001%2F05%2F08%2F60II%2Fmain290046.shtml&date=2009-05-08. Retrieved May 9, 2009. 
  9. ^ "Man gets $4 million over wrong rape conviction". MSNBC. January 24, 2007. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16792320/. Retrieved July 19, 2009. 
  10. ^ a b c Scheck ;=, Barry; Neufeld, Peter (May 11, 2001). "Junk Science, Junk Evidence". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/11/opinion/junk-science-junk-evidence.html. Retrieved May 9, 2009. 
  11. ^ Yardley, Jim (September 2, 2001). "Oklahoma Retraces Big Step in Capital Case". The New York Times. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F09%2F02%2Fus%2Foklahoma-retraces-big-step-in-capital-case.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2&date=2009-05-09. Retrieved May 9, 2009. 
  12. ^ "Former DA Bob Macy, ex-forensic chemist Joyce Gilchrist settle case". Oklahoma Gazette. June 17, 2009. http://truthinjustice.org/gilchrist/macy-gilchrist.htm. Retrieved July 18, 2009. 

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