Leadership of Communist Kyrgyzstan
| Leader of Communist Kyrgyzstan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Appointer | Politburo, Central Committee or any party apparatus and by electoral vote |
| Formation | October 14, 1924 |
| First holder | M.D. Kamensky (as First Secretary) |
| Final holder | Askar Akayev (as President) |
| Abolished | August 31, 1991 (declared) December 25, 1991 (official) |
The Soviet Union initially established a power base in the region in 1919, and the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was created within the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR). In 1936, the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic was established as a full-fledged republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
With the Soviet Union came electricity, water, irrigation, industrialization and literacy to Kyrgyzstan, and the other Soviet Central Asian countries. Scholars such as Alec Nove and J.A. Newth have argued that most development indicators suggests that the Soviet Muslim countries far-exceeded those Muslim countries outside the Soviet sphere of influence. The administrative, political and economic system was revolutionary by Kyrgiz standards, however, numerial indicators of development only partially supports this view, with one claiming that 63.2% of Kyrgyzstan's population still lived in rural areas. This was, however, the highest of any country in Central Asia. The country's higher urbanization rate is in large part because of its large Russian population, with most Europeans living in urban areas. Russian immigration slowed down in 1959, the same year the national birth rate increased.[1] However, the indigenous population had for the most part been untouched by Sovietization, an example being that religion was still widespread.[2]
In spite of intense efforts to create socialism from "scratch", the social institutions led to infiltrations by religious, tribal and communal group into the political system. After the death of Joseph Stalin, the level of repression declined and less surveillance from the KGB and Moscow led to an increase in the importance of tribes in communal affairs.[2]
Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1924–1925) and Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1925–1926)
| Holders | Took office | Left office | Nationality | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | M.D. Kamensky [3] |
1924 [3] |
1925 [3] |
Russian [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Nikolay Uzyukov [3] |
1925 [3] |
1926 | Russian [3] | |
Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1926–1936)
Heads of government
| Holders | Took office | Left office | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Yusup Abdrakhmanov [4] |
March 12, 1927 [4] |
September 27, 1933 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Bayaly Isakeyev [4] |
September 27, 1933 [4] |
December 5, 1936 [4] | ||
Heads of party
| Holders | Took office | Left office | Nationality | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Nikolay Uzyukov [3] |
1926 [3] |
1927 [3] |
Russian [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Vladimir Shubrikov [3] |
1927 [3] |
1929 [3] |
Russian [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color" | | Mikhail Kulkov [3] |
1929 [3] |
1930 [3] |
Russian [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Aleksandr Shakhray [3] |
1930 [3] |
1934 [3] |
Russian [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Moris Belotsky [3] |
1934 [3] |
December 5, 1936 [4] |
Jewish [3] | |
Heads of state
| Holders | Took office | Left office | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Abdukadyr Urazbekov [4] |
March 12, 1927 [4] |
December 5, 1936 [4] | ||
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
Heads of government
| Holders | Took office | Left office | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Bayaly Isakeyev [4] |
December 5, 1936 [4] |
September 8, 1937 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Murat Salikhov [4] |
September 8, 1937 [4] |
February 15, 1938 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Ismail Abuzyarov [4] |
February 15, 1938 [4] |
April 27, 1938 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Ivan Rebrov [4] |
April 27, 1938 [4] |
July 19, 1938 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Turabay Kulatov [4] |
July 19, 1938 [4] |
November 14, 1945 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Iskhak Razzakov [4] |
November 14, 1945 [4] |
July 10, 1950 [4] | ||
| Chairmen of the Council of Ministers | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Abdy Suyerkulov [4] |
July 10, 1950 [4] |
March 6, 1958 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Kazy Dikambayev [4] |
March 6, 1958 [4] |
May 10, 1961 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Bolot Mambetov [4] |
May 16, 1961 [4] |
January 23, 1968 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Akhmatbek Suyumbayev [4] |
January 23, 1968 [4] |
December 22, 1978 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Sultan Ibraimov [4] |
December 22, 1978 [4] |
December 4, 1980 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Pyotr Khodos [4] |
December 4, 1980 [4] |
January 21, 1981 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Arstanbek Duysheyev [4] |
January 21, 1981 [4] |
May 20, 1986 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Apas Jumagulov [4] |
May 20, 1986 [4] |
21 Jan 1991 [4] | ||
Heads of party
| Holders | Took office | Left office | Nationality | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Moris Belotsky [3] |
December 5, 1936 | March 1937 | Jewish [3] | |
| First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kirghizia | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Maksim Ammosov [5] |
April 23, 1937 [4] |
February 20, 1938 [4] |
Russian [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Aleksey Vagov [5] |
February 20, 1938 [5] |
July 1945 [5] |
Russian [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Nikolay Bogolyubov [6] |
July 1945 [5] |
July 7, 1950 [4] |
Kyrgyz [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Iskhak Razzakov [7] |
July 7, 1950 [4] |
May 9, 1961 [4] |
Kyrgyz [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color" | | Turdakun Usubaliyev [8] |
May 9, 1961 [4] |
November 2, 1985 [4] |
Kyrgyz [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Absamat Masaliyev [8] |
November 2, 1985 [4] |
April 6, 1991 [4] |
Kyrgyz [3] | |
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Jumgalbek Amanbayev [8] |
April 6, 1991 [4] |
August 29, 1991 [4] |
Kyrgyz [3] | |
Heads of state
| Holders | Took office | Left office | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Abdukadyr Urazbekov [4] |
1936 [4] |
September 16, 1937 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Mikhail Us [4] |
September 16, 1937 [4] |
October 4, 1937 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color" | | Maryam Tugambayeva [4] |
September 16, 1937 [4] |
October 4, 1937 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Sultankul Shamurzin [4] |
October 4, 1937 [4] |
December 16, 1937 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Ivan Sokolov [4] |
December 16, 1937 [4] |
February 15, 1938 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color" | | Murat Salikhov [4] |
February 15, 1938 [4] |
May 15, 1938 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Kalima Amankulova [4] |
May 15, 1938 [4] |
July 18, 1938 [4] | ||
| Chairman of the Supreme Soviet | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | I.P. Boryak [4] |
July 18, 1938 [4] |
July 19, 1938 [4] | ||
| Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Asanaly Tolubayev [4] |
July 18, 1938 [4] |
March 22, 1943 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Moldogazy Tokobayev [4] |
March 22, 1943 [4] |
November 14, 1945 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color" | | Turabay Kulatov [4] |
November 14, 1945 [4] |
August 25, 1978 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Sultan Ibraimov [4] |
August 25, 1978 [4] |
December 22, 1978 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Andrey Buss [4] |
December 22, 1978 [4] |
January 10, 1979 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color" | | Arstanbek Duysheyev | January 10, 1979 [4] |
January 14, 1981 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Temirbek Koshoyev [4] |
January 14, 1981 [4] |
August 8, 1987 [4] | ||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Tashtanbek Akmatov [4] |
August 8, 1987 [4] |
April 10, 1990 [4] | ||
| Chairman of the Supreme Soviet | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party/meta/color" | | Absamat Masaliyev [4] |
April 10, 1990 [4] |
October 27, 1990 [4] | ||
| President of Kyrgyzstan | |||||
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color" | | Askar Akayev [3] |
October 27, 1990 | December 25, 1991 | ||
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Collins 2006, pp. 83.
- ^ a b Collins 2006, pp. 84.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Collins 2006, pp. 109.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di "Soviet republics: Kirgiz S.S.R." Rulers.org.
- ^ a b c d e Mohapatra, Nalin Kumar (2006). Political Culture and Democratic Development in Central Asia. University of Michigan: Bookwell. p. 53. ISBN 81-89640-17-8.
- ^ Abazov, Rafis (2004). Historical Dictionary of Kyrgyzstan. Scarecrow Press. p. 340. ISBN 0-8108-4868-6.
- ^ Institute for Central Asian and Caucasian Studies (2006). Central Eurasia: Analytical Annual. CA&CC Press. p. 184. ISBN 91-976993-1-4.
- ^ a b c Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Vol. 4. Routledge. 1999. p. 446. ISBN 1-85743-058-1.
Bibliography
- Collins, Kathleens (2006). Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 376. ISBN 0-521-83950-5.
External links
Categories:
- Apparat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- Communism in Kyrgyzstan
- Political history of Kyrgyzstan
- Kyrgyzstan politics-related lists
- Lists of political office-holders in the Soviet Union
- Leaders of the Soviet Union
- Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic people
- Communist Party of Kirghizia politicians
- Lists of Kyrgyzstani people