Lettered olive
| Lettered olive | |
|---|---|
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| Shell of the lettered olive | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Olivoidea |
| Family: | Olividae |
| Subfamily: | Olivinae |
| Genus: | Oliva |
| Species: | O. sayana |
| Binomial name | |
| Oliva sayana Ravenel, 1834 |
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Oliva litterata Lamarck, 1811 |
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The lettered olive, Oliva sayana, is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Olividae, the olive shells, olive snails, or olives.
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[edit] Subspecies
Oliva sayana contains the following subspecies:[2]
- Oliva sayana sarasotensis Petuch & Sargent, 1986
- Oliva sayana sayana Ravenel, 1834
- Oliva sayana texana Petuch & Sargent, 1986
[edit] Distribution
The species' range is from North Carolina to Florida and the Gulf states of North America, ingluding Louisiana and Texas; It also occurs in Mexico, including Campeche State, Yucatán State and Quintana Roo[1], and may also occur in Brazil.[citation needed]
[edit] Habitat
The lettered olive typically lives in near-shore waters, on shallow sand flats near inlets. The empty shell is occasionally, or sometimes commonly, washed up onto ocean beaches.[citation needed]
[edit] Shell description
The shell of this species can be about 6 cm (2½ in) long (maximum reported size reaches 9.1 cm[1]). It is a smooth, shiny, cylindrical-shaped shell with a short spire. The aperture is narrow and extending almost the length of shell, continuing around the bottom and ending in a notch on the other side. The suture is V-cut and deep. The lower part of the whorl is just above where the suture extends outward and then at a sharp shoulder drops into the suture.
The shell coloration can vary from cream to a greyish exterior with reddish-brown zigzag markings. The common name of this species is derived from the darker surface markings that sometimes resemble letters.
[edit] Life habits
This olive, like all olives, is a carnivore: it captures bivalves and small crustaceans with its foot and takes them below the sand surface to digest.[citation needed]
Its presence is sometimes detected at very low tides by the trails it leaves when it crawls below the surface on semi-exposed sand flats.[citation needed]
Females lay floating, round egg capsules that are often found in beach drift. Young are free swimming.[citation needed]
[edit] Human use
Colonists and early Native Americans made jewelry from these shells.[citation needed]
The lettered olive is the state shell of South Carolina.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Malacolog 4.1.1: Western Atlantic Mollusk Species Database. Retrieved April 2010.
- ^ Oliva sayana Ravenel, 1834. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=208387 on 26 April 2010.
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