List of materials analysis methods

List of materials analysis methods:

• μSR – see Muon spin spectroscopy
• χ – see Magnetic susceptibility

A

• Analytical ultracentrifugation – Analytical ultracentrifugation
• AAS – Atomic absorption spectroscopy
• AED – Auger electron diffraction
• AES – Auger electron spectroscopy
• AFM – Atomic force microscopy
• AFS – Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy
• APFIM – Atom probe field ion microscopy
• APS – Appearance potential spectroscopy
• ARPES – Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• ARUPS – Angle resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy
• ATR – Attenuated total reflectance

B

• BET – BET surface area measurement (BET from Brunauer, Emmett, Teller)
• BiFC – Bimolecular fluorescence complementation
• BKD – Backscatter Kikuchi diffraction, see EBSD
• BRET – Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
• BSED – Back scattered electron diffraction, see EBSD

C

• CAICISS – Coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy
• CARS – Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
• CBED – Convergent beam electron diffraction
• CCM – Charge collection microscopy
• CDI – Coherent diffraction imaging
• CE – Capillary electrophoresis
• CET – Cryo-electron tomography
• CL – Cathodoluminescence
• CLSM – Confocal laser scanning microscopy
• COSY – Correlation spectroscopy
• Cryo-EM – Cryo-electron microscopy
• Cryo-SEM – Cryo-scanning electron microscopy
• CV – Cyclic voltammetry

D

• DE(T)A – Dielectric thermal analysis
• dHvA – De Haas–van Alphen effect
• DIC – Differential interference contrast microscopy
• Dielectric spectroscopy – Dielectric spectroscopy
• DLS – Dynamic light scattering
• DLTS – Deep-level transient spectroscopy
• DMA – Dynamic mechanical analysis
• DPI – Dual polarisation interferometry
• DRS – Diffuse reflection spectroscopy
• DSC – Differential scanning calorimetry
• DTA – Differential thermal analysis
• DVS – Dynamic vapour sorption

E

• EBIC – Electron beam induced current (and see IBIC: ion beam induced charge)
• EBS – Elastic (non-Rutherford) backscattering spectrometry (see RBS)
• EBSD – Electron backscatter diffraction
• ECOSY – Exclusive correlation spectroscopy
• ECT – Electrical capacitance tomography
• EDAX – Energy-dispersive analysis of x-rays
• EDMR – Electrically detected magnetic resonance, see ESR or EPR
• EDS or EDX – Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
• EELS – Electron energy loss spectroscopy
• EFTEM – Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy
• EID – Electron induced desorption
• EIT and ERT – Electrical impedance tomography and Electrical resistivity tomography
• EL – Electroluminescence
• Electron crystallography – Electron crystallography
• ELS – Electrophoretic light scattering
• ENDOR – Electron nuclear double resonance, see ESR or EPR
• EPMA – Electron probe microanalysis
• EPR – Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
• ERD or ERDA – Elastic recoil detection or Elastic recoil detection analysis
• ESCA – Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis* see XPS
• ESD – Electron stimulated desorption
• ESEM – Environmental scanning electron microscopy
• ESI-MS or ES-MS – Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry or Electrospray mass spectrometry
• ESR – Electron spin resonance spectroscopy
• ESTM – Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy
• EXAFS – Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
• EXSY – Exchange spectroscopy

F

• FCS – Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
• FCCS – Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy
• FEM – Field emission microscopy
• FIB – Focused ion beam microscopy
• FIM-AP – Field ion microscopy–atom probe
• Flow birefringence – Flow birefringence
• Fluorescence anisotropy – Fluorescence anisotropy
• FLIM – Fluorescence lifetime imaging
• Fluorescence microscopy – Fluorescence microscopy
• FOSPM – Feature-oriented scanning probe microscopy
• FRET – Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
• FRS – Forward Recoil Spectrometry, a synonym of ERD
• FTICR or FT-MS – Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance or Fourier transform mass spectrometry
• FTIR – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

G

• GC-MS – Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
• GDMS – Glow discharge mass spectrometry
• GDOS – Glow discharge optical spectroscopy
• GISAXS – Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering
• GIXD – Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction
• GIXR – Grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity
• GLC – Gas-liquid chromatography

H

• HAADF – high angle annular dark-field imaging
• HAS – Helium atom scattering
• HPLC – High performance liquid chromatography
• HREELS – High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy
• HREM – High-resolution electron microscopy
• HRTEM – High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
• HI-ERDA – Heavy-ion elastic recoil detection analysis
• HE-PIXE – High-energy proton induced X-ray emission

I

• IAES – Ion induced Auger electron spectroscopy
• IBA – Ion beam analysis
• IBIC – Ion beam induced charge microscopy
• ICP-AES – Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
• ICP-MS – Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
• Immunofluorescence – Immunofluorescence
• ICR – Ion cyclotron resonance
• IETS – Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy
• IGA – Intelligent gravimetric analysis
• IGF – Inert gas fusion
• IIX – Ion induced X-ray analysis: See Particle induced X-ray emission
• INS – Ion neutralization spectroscopy
  Inelastic neutron scattering
• IRNDT – Infrared non-destructive testing of materials
• IRS – Infrared spectroscopy
• ISS – Ion scattering spectroscopy
• ITC – Isothermal titration calorimetry
• IVEM – Intermediate voltage electron microscopy

L

• LALLS – Low-angle laser light scattering
• LC-MS – Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
• LEED – Low-energy electron diffraction
• LEEM – Low-energy electron microscopy
• LEIS – Low-energy ion scattering
• LIBS – Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
• LOES – Laser optical emission spectroscopy
• LS – Light (Raman) scattering

M

• MALDI – Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
• MBE – Molecular beam epitaxy
• MEIS – Medium energy ion scattering
• MFM – Magnetic force microscopy
• MIT – Magnetic induction tomography
• MPM – Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy
• MRFM – Magnetic resonance force microscopy
• MRI – Magnetic resonance imaging
• MS – Mass spectrometry
• MS/MS – Tandem mass spectrometry
• MSGE – Mechanically Stimulated Gas Emission
• Mössbauer spectroscopy – Mössbauer spectroscopy
• MTA – Microthermal analysis

N

• NAA – Neutron activation analysis
• Nanovid microscopy – Nanovid microscopy
• ND – Neutron diffraction
• NDP – Neutron depth profiling
• NEXAFS – Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure
• NIS – Nuclear inelastic scattering/absorption
• NMR – Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
• NOESY – Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy
• NRA – Nuclear reaction analysis
• NSOM – Near-field optical microscopy

O

• OBIC – Optical beam induced current
• ODNMR – Optically detected magnetic resonance, see ESR or EPR
• OES – Optical emission spectroscopy
• Osmometry – Osmometry

P

• PAS – Positron annihilation spectroscopy
• Photoacoustic spectroscopy – Photoacoustic spectroscopy
• PAT or PACT – Photoacoustic tomography or photoacoustic computed tomography
• PAX – Photoemission of adsorbed xenon
• PC or PCS – Photocurrent spectroscopy
• Phase contrast microscopy – Phase contrast microscopy
• PhD – Photoelectron diffraction
• PD – Photodesorption
• PDEIS – Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
• PDS – Photothermal deflection spectroscopy
• PED – Photoelectron diffraction
• PEELS – parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy
• PEEM – Photoemission electron microscopy (or photoelectron emission microscopy)
• PES – Photoelectron spectroscopy
• PINEM – photon-induced near-field electron microscopy
• PIGE – Particle (or proton) induced gamma-ray spectroscopy, see Nuclear reaction analysis
• PIXE – Particle (or proton) induced X-ray spectroscopy
• PL – Photoluminescence
• Porosimetry – Porosimetry
• Powder diffraction – Powder diffraction
• PTMS – Photothermal microspectroscopy
• PTS – Photothermal spectroscopy

Q

• QENS – Quasielastic neutron scattering

R

• Raman – Raman spectroscopy
• RAXRS – Resonant anomalous X-ray scattering
• RBS – Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
• REM – Reflection electron microscopy
• RDS – Reflectance Difference Spectroscopy
• RHEED – Reflection high energy electron diffraction
• RIMS – Resonance ionization mass spectrometry
• RIXS – Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
• RR spectroscopy – Resonance Raman spectroscopy

S

• SAD – Selected area diffraction
• SAED – Selected area electron diffraction
• SAM – Scanning Auger microscopy
• SANS – Small angle neutron scattering
• SAXS – Small angle X-ray scattering
• SCANIIR – Surface composition by analysis of neutral species and ion-impact radiation
• SCEM – Scanning confocal electron microscopy
• SE – Spectroscopic ellipsometry
• SEC – Size exclusion chromatography
• SEIRA – Surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy
• SEM – Scanning electron microscopy
• SERS – Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
• SERRS – Surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy
• SESANS – Spin Echo Small Angle Neutron Scattering
• SEXAFS – Surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure
• SICM – Scanning ion-conductance microscopy
• SIL – Solid immersion lens
• SIM – Solid immersion mirror
• SIMS – Secondary ion mass spectrometry
• SNMS – Sputtered neutral species mass spectrometry
• SNOM – Scanning near-field optical microscopy
• SPECT – Single-photon emission computed tomography
• SPM – Scanning probe microscopy
• SRM-CE/MS – Selected-reaction-monitoring capillary-electrophoresis mass-spectrometry
• SSNMR – Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
• Stark spectroscopy – Stark spectroscopy
• STED – Stimulated Emission Depletion microscopy
• STEM – Scanning transmission electron microscopy
• STM – Scanning tunneling microscopy
• STS – Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
• SXRD – Surface X-ray Diffraction (SXRD)

T

• TAT or TACT – Thermoacoustic tomography or thermoacoustic computed tomography (see also photoacoustic tomography – PAT)
• TEM – transmission electron microscope/microscopy
• TGA – Thermogravimetric analysis
• TIKA – Transmitting ion kinetic analysis
• TIMS – Thermal ionization mass spectrometry
• TIRFM – Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy
• TLS – Photothermal lens spectroscopy, a type of Photothermal spectroscopy
• TMA – Thermomechanical analysis
• TOF-MS – Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
• Two-photon excitation microscopy – Two-photon excitation microscopy
• TXRF – Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

U

• Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy – Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy
• Ultrasonic testing – Ultrasonic testing
• UPS – UV-photoelectron spectroscopy
• USANS – Ultra small-angle neutron scattering
• USAXS – Ultra small-angle X-ray scattering
• UV-Vis – Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy

V

• VEDIC – Video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy
• Voltammetry – Voltammetry

W

• WAXS – Wide angle X-ray scattering
• WDX or WDS – Wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

X

• XAES – X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy
• XANES – XANES, synonymous with NEXAFS (Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure)
• XAS – X-ray absorption spectroscopy
• X-CTR – X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering
• X-ray crystallography – X-ray crystallography
• XDS – X-ray diffuse scattering
• XPEEM – X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy
• XPS – X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
• XRD – X-ray diffraction
• XRES – X-ray resonant exchange scattering
• XRF – X-ray fluorescence analysis
• XRR – X-ray reflectivity
• XRS – X-ray Raman scattering
• XSW – X-ray standing wave technique

References

• Callister, WD (2000). Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction. London: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-32013-7.
• Yao, N, ed. (2007). Focused Ion Beam Systems: Basics and Applications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83199-4.