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Monas Hieroglyphica

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Monas Hieroglyphica
Frontispiece of the 'Monas Hieroglyphica' by John Dee, printed by Willem Silvius in Antwerp, 1564
AuthorJohn Dee
Published1564

Monas Hieroglyphica (or The Hieroglyphic Monad) is a book by John Dee, the Elizabethan magus and court astrologer of Elizabeth I of England, published in Antwerp in 1564. It is an exposition of the meaning of an esoteric symbol that he invented.

Dee's glyph, whose meaning he explained in Monas Hieroglyphica.

Reception and influence

The book received little notice in English sources, though it is praised in the 1591 edition of George Ripley's The Compound of Alchymy[1] as well as in Elias Ashmole’s Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (1652).[2] A number of references appear in other languages, for example, Jean-Jacques Manget’s Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa (1702)[3] and Lazarus Zetzner’s Theatrum Chemicum (1602; 1659–1661);[4] the latter reproduces the Monas Hieroglyphica in its entirety.[5]

Gerard Dorn's Judgement of the Spagiric Art of Johann Trithemius[a] contains terms and phrases based on the Monas, and his commentary on the Tractatus Aureus references the words ("Vulgaris, Hic, Oculus caligabit, diffidetque plurimum") accompanying a figure in the Monas,[6] saying "with the eyes of the mind, for the vulgar eye, as John Dee of London says, will here find fault and be most distrustful."[b] Peter Forshaw suggests that it is likely that Dorn's use of the same line and circle figure in his Monarchia Physica or Monarchia Triadis, in Unitate (1577)[c] is a reference to the figure in Dee. It is also reproduced in the English logician, mathematician, and medic Thomas Oliver’s De Sophismatum praestigijs cauendis admonitio (1604).[7] His further comments in the work suggest that he was also familiar with Dee’s "Mathematicall Praeface" to Billingsley’s translation of Euclid’s Elements of Geometrie (1570).[8]

Giulio Cesare Capaccio refers to the Monas in his Delle imprese (On devices) (1592), paraphrasing content from the preface and mentioning the 'recondite Kabbalistic philosophy’ of 'Giovanni Dee da Londino.'[9] Cesare della Riviera includes Dee's glyph, without attribution,[10] in his Il Mondo Magico de gli Heroi (1605).[11] The glyph is also reproduced in the Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae (1595; 1609) of Heinrich Khunrath, where it is used in a more alchemical context.[12]

The glyph was adopted by the Rosicrucians and appears on a page of the Rosicrucian Manifesto, The Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz (1616), beside the text of the invitation to the Royal Wedding given to Rosenkreutz who narrates the work.[citation needed] Frances Yates notes that Dee's influence later "spread to Puritanism in the New World through John Winthrop Jr., an alchemist and a follower of Dee; Winthrop used the 'monas' as his personal mark."[13]

Publications

  • Dee, John (1564). Monas Hieroglyphica (in Latin). Antwerp: Willem Silvius.
  • Dee, John (1602). "Monas Hieroglyphica". In Zentner, L. (ed.). Theatrum Chemicum (in Latin). Vol. II (first ed.). pp. 203–43.
  • Dee, John (1659). "Monas Hieroglyphica". In Zentner, L. (ed.). Theatrum Chemicum (in Latin). Vol. II (2nd ed.). pp. 178–215.
  • Dee, John (2003). Monas Hieroglyphica (in Latin) (facsimile ed.). Kessinger Publishing Co. ISBN 0-7661-4744-4.

English translations

  • Josten, C. H. (1964). "A Translation of John Dee's "Monas Hieroglyphica" (Antwerp, 1564), with an Introduction and Annotations". Ambix. XII (2–3): 84–221. doi:10.1179/000269864790223101.
  • Dee, John (1975). The Hieroglyphic Monad. Translated by J. W. Hamilton-Jones. Weiser Books. ISBN 1-57863-203-X.
  • Dee, John (2021). Monas Hieroglyphica. Translated by Teresa Burns and Nancy Turner. Ouroboros Press.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ G. Dorn, "De Spagirico Artificio Io. Trithemii sententia," in Zetzner (1659–1661), vol. 1, pp. 388–99, on 393.
  2. ^ Manget, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, I, 409: "In his autem numeris tacitè occultari sapientum pondera, author non obscure abstruere, videtur, praecipue in septenario, qui numerus sacer habitus fuit antiquitus, utpote in quo plurimum sapientiae sit reconditum: sed vim & virtutem ejus mentis oculis contemplari debes, Vulgaris enim hic oculus, teste Joanne Dee Londinensi, castigabit diffidetque plurimum."
  3. ^ G. Dorn, "Monarchia Triadis, in Unitate, Soli Deo Sacra," in Dorneus (1577), 65-127, on 71.

References

Citations

  1. ^ Ripley (1591).
  2. ^ Ashmole (1652), pp. 334, 478–84.
  3. ^ Manget (1702).
  4. ^ Zentner (1659–1661).
  5. ^ Forshaw (2005), p. 248.
  6. ^ Forshaw (2005), p. 250.
  7. ^ Forshaw (2005), pp. 250–251.
  8. ^ Forshaw (2005), p. 251.
  9. ^ Campbell (2012).
  10. ^ Forshaw (2005), p. 257.
  11. ^ della Riviera (1986), pp. 34–35.
  12. ^ Forshaw (2005), p. 259.
  13. ^ Yates (1972), p. 286.

Works cited

Primary sources

  • Ashmole, E., ed. (1652). Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum; containing severall poeticall pieces of our famous English philosophers, who have written the Hermetique Mysteries in their owne ancient language. Faithfully collected . . . with annotations thereon, by E. Ashmole. London.
  • della Riviera, C. (1986) [1605]. Il Mondo Magico de gli Heroi, Edizione del 1605, Introduzione di Piero Fenili. Rome: Edizioni Mediterranee.
  • Dorneus, G., ed. (1577). Aurora Thesaurusque Philosophorum, Theophrasti Paracelsi, Germani Philosophi, & Medici prae cunctis omnibus accuratissimi. Basel.
  • Khunrath, H. (1609). Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae solius verae: Christiano-Kabalisticum, divino-magicum, nec non physico-chymicum, tertriunum, catholicon. Hanau.
  • Manget, J.-J., ed. (1702). Bibliotheca chemica curiosa, seu rerum ad alchemiam pertinentium thesaurus instructissimus. Geneva: Chouet.
  • Ripley, G. (1591). The Compound of Alchymy. London: Thomas Orwin.
  • Zetzner, L., ed. (1659–1661). Theatrum Chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, veritate, iure, praestantia et operationibus, continens, 6 vols.. Strasbourg.

Secondary sources

Further reading

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