Mu Shiying
Mu Shiying (simplified Chinese: 穆时英; traditional Chinese: 穆時英; pinyin: Mù Shíyīng; Wade–Giles: Mu Shihying) (March 14, 1912 – June 28, 1940)[1] was a Chinese writer who is now best known for his modernist short stories. He was active in Shanghai in the 1930s where he contributed to journals like Les Contemporains (Xiàndài 現代, 1932 - 1935), edited by Shi Zhecun.
Mu's family came from Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang. His father, Mu Jingting (1877-1933) was a banker and gold speculator, who apparently had died of exhaustion and depression after losing money in bad speculations. His mother was Shi Cuifeng (1895-1940). As a college student, Mu studied Chinese literature at Shanghai Guanghua University (上海光華大學). In 1930, he submitted a short story, "Our World" (Zánmen de shìjiè 咱們的世界) to La Nouvelle Littérature (Xīn wényì 新文藝, 1929 – 1930), a journal which was edited by Shi Zhecun, Liu Na’ou 劉吶鷗, Dai Wangshu, and Xu Xiacun 徐霞村. The work was praised by the editors and Mu Shiying became a protégé of Shi Zhecun. Mu also became good friends with Liu Na'ou and Dai Wangshu, both of whom were major contributors to the literary movement known as New Sensualism or New Sensationalism (新感觉派 xin ganjue pai). This was an offshoot of a movement in Japan that borrowed from styles of literary modernism that were being developed in Europe and America. In time, Mu became the leading exemplar of this style.
Mu Shiying wrote over 50 short stories, several novels, screenplays, and numerous essays during his all-too-short lifetime. Among his most celebrated short stories are "Shanghai Fox-trot,", "Craven A," and "Five in a Nightclub." Mu had a fascination for the city's cabaret culture and was reportedly a fine dancer. His short stories conveyed in dream-like fashion the experience of living in the modern city, and included many episodes in nightclubs and cabarets. He often focused on the tangled and tortuous relationships between his male narrator and a femme-fatale figure that he was chasing. One early example of this is "The Man Who Was Treated as a Plaything." He also wrote about the sensual aspects of women and their bodies in inventive ways, as in the case of the dance hostess "Craven A."
Mu also pursued a Cantonese dance hostess named Qiu Peipei and eventually married her (see photo). However, they had a falling out. In 1936, Mu Shiying moved to Hong Kong to pursue his estranged wife Qiu Peipei. He stayed in Hong Kong during the Japanese occupation, but he returned to Shanghai at the invitation of Liu Na'ou who was working with the Japanese. Mu became the general manager of a collaborationist newspaper. In 1940, while riding a rickshaw to his office, Mu was gunned down mercilessly by assassins, who were working for Chiang Kai-shek's underground resistance forces. While rumors later suggested that Mu was in fact a double agent, there has been no firm evidence of such a claim.
Mu Shiying had a dandyish image which was reinforced by his writings - often set in the dance halls of Shanghai. His most famous short stories are highly modernist pieces that attempt to convey the fragmented and inhuman nature of modern life in the metropolis. They experiment with expressionistic narrative techniques that break with a standard textual flow by juxtaposing disconnected visual images. His most famous short story, "Five in a Nightclub" (Yezonghui li de wu ge ren 夜總會裏的五個人) is a tableau of the miseries faced by modern urban residents, as five individuals converge on a nightclub, each with their own problems.
Professor Poshek Fu of the University of Illinois discusses, and Margaret Blair portrays, the complex political situation faced by Mu and other modernist writers of the 1930s. Andrew David Field has written a lengthy appreciation of Mu's life and times and together with co-translator Hong Yu offers five original translations of Mu's short stories in his book Mu Shiying: China's Lost Modernist, including "The Man Who Was Treated As a Plaything," "Craven A", "Night," "Black Peony," and "Shanghai Fox-trot", along with a translation of "Five in a Nightclub" by Randolf Trumbull.
References
- ^ Shih, Shu-mei. The lure of the modern: writing modernism in semicolonial China, 1917-1937. Univ of California Pr, 2001. 302. Print.
- Anthony Wan-hoi Pak The School of New Sensibilities in the 1930s, a study of Liu Na’ou and Mu Shiying’s fiction, PhD Dissertation, University of Toronto
- Poshek Fu, Passivity, Resistance and Collaboration, Intellectual Choices in Occupied Shanghai 1937-1945, Stanford University Press, 1993
- Andrew David Field, Mu Shiying: China's Lost Modernist (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2014)
Leo Ou-fan Lee, Shanghai Modern (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1999)
Further reading
- Margaret Blair, Shanghai Scarlet, a historical novel 1920s – 1940s, Trafford Publishing, 2012