Mylossoma duriventris
| Mylossoma duriventre | |
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| Painting by Castelnau, 1856 | |
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| Species: | M. duriventre
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| Binomial name | |
| Mylossoma duriventre G. Cuvier, 1818
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Mylossoma duriventre, the silver mylossoma, is a species of freshwater serrasalmid fish endemic to tropical South America. It grows to a maximum length of about 20 cm (8 in) and a weight of about 1 kg (2.2 lb).[1] It is the subject of a local fishery, being known as palu in Brazil and palometa in Venezuela.[2]
Distribution and habitat
Mylossoma duriventre is native to the Amazon basin, where it is found in the Amazon River and many of its tributaries, and to the Tocantins River and its western tributary, the Araguaia River. It prefers nutrient-rich waters but also occurs in the lower stretches of nutrient-poor rivers.[2]
Ecology
Mylossoma duriventre is a potamodromous fish, migrating entirely within freshwater habitats. The migration pattern is not fully understood, but in the rainy season, between December and March, the fish migrate from the lakes and pools on the floodplain to the larger rivers. Here they move upstream in large numbers to the spawning areas, although precisely where the fish spawn is unclear. The adults then move out of the rivers and onto the floor of the forest when this floods.[2] The larvae meanwhile are being swept downstream, and when the forest floods, spread out into nursery areas on the floodplain where their planktonic food is more readily available. When the waters recede, both adults and juvenile fish move back into the rivers and move upstream to the floodplain lakes.[2][3] In the seasonally-flooded Várzea forest, this fish is often found living in close association with Potamorhina altamazonica.[4]
Juvenile Mylossoma duriventre feed on insects, both juveniles and adults feed on fruits and seeds, and adults eat small fish.[3]
Threats
Mylossoma duriventre is considered to be a vulnerable species. The threats it faces include the encroachment of agriculture on the forest habitat, mining, hydroelectric schemes, overfishing, tourism and recreational activities.[5] The seasonal flooding of the forest is important for the survival of the larvae of this fish.[3]
References
- ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). Species of Mylossoma in FishBase. April 2013 version.
- ^ a b c d Carolsfeld, Joachim (2003). Migratory Fishes of South America: Biology, Fisheries and Conservation Status. IDRC. pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-0-9683958-2-0.
- ^ a b c Hamlett, William C. (2012). Reproductive Biology of South American Vertebrates. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 52–66. ISBN 978-1-4612-2866-0.
- ^ Junk, Wolfgang J. (2013). The Central Amazon Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 393. ISBN 978-3-662-03416-3.
- ^ "Mylossoma duriventre" (PDF) (in Spanish). Uso Sostenible de Peces en la Cuenca del Plata. Retrieved 5 January 2016.