Ngaruroro River
| Ngaruroro River | |
|---|---|
 Ngaruroro River in the Kaweka Range | |
 Ngaruroro river system | |
| Native name | Ngaruroro (Māori) |
| Location | |
| Counrty | New Zealand |
| Region | Hawkes Bay |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Kaimanawa Range |
| Mouth | Hawke Bay |
• coordinates | 39°34′S 176°56′E / 39.567°S 176.933°E |
• elevation | Sea level |
| Length | 164 kilometres (102 mi) |
The Ngaruroro River is located in the eastern North Island of New Zealand. It runs for a total of 164 kilometres southeast from the Kaweka Range, Kaimanawa Range and Ruahine Range and then east before emptying into Hawke Bay roughly halfway between the cities of Napier and Hastings, near the town of Clive (drainage area 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi) [1] above Tutaekuri River confluence). The river is mostly a single-thread channel down to Whanawhana (45 kilometres (28 mi) from the coast), flowing through a greywacke rock gorge. Below Whanawhana, the river opens to wide braided channel[2] and is joined by the Maraekakaho River. The Ngaruroro shares a river mouth with the Tutaekuri, Clive River and Muddy Creek. The meeting of these rivers forms the Waitangi Estuary.[3]
The Ngaruroro is one of several rivers that helped form the alluvial Heretaunga Plains at the south end of the coast of Hawke Bay. The course of the Ngaruroro has changed several times, originally flowing down what is now the Clive River. It changed to much of its present course in 1867 during a major flood. In 1969, the bottom four kilometres (2.5 mi) of river was diverted more directly to the coast (near Pakowhai Road) in an effort to reduce flooding. The Karamu and Clive remain as rivers, but drain a smaller catchment.
About 40% of the catchment is pasture, and 55% native forest.[4]
The upper Ngaruroro drains the Kaweka Forest Park and it is used for trout fishing (mostly rainbow),[5] rafting, tramping and deer hunting.
The Ngaruroro River recharges freshwater to the Heretaunga groundwater aquifer (in the order of four cubic metres per second (140 cu ft/s)[6]). This aquifer feeds several streams in the area (e.g. Raupare, Irongate), in addition to pumping that supports extensive orchards of the Heretaunga Plains. Eventually the aquifer discharges to the sea in submarine springs some 20 kilometres (12 mi) off the coast.[7]
The meaning of Ngaruroro is obscure.[6]
References
- ^ "Browser not supported | Koordinates". koordinates.com. Archived from the original on 20 February 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Waitangi Estuary". Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
- ^ "REC New Zealand - Ministry for the Environment (MfE) | New Zealand | GIS Map Data | Koordinates". Archived from the original on 20 February 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "Ngaruroro River – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ Grant, P.J. 1965. The groundwaters of the Heretaunga Plains - the Ngaruroro River as a major recharge source. Journal of Hydrology (N.Z.) Vol. 4:65-80; http://www.hydrologynz.org.nz/downloads/JoHNZ_1965_v4_2_Grant.pdf Archived 7 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine
