Nordhausen

For the album by And One, see Nordhausen (album). For the Nordhausen World War II facilities, see Mittelbau-Dora and Mittelwerk.

Nordhausen
Statue of Roland in Nordhausen.
Nordhausen
Location of the town of Nordhausen within Nordhausen district
Coordinates	51°30′18″N 10°47′28″E
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Thuringia
District	Nordhausen
Town subdivisions	12
Mayor	Dr. Klaus Zeh (CDU)
Basic statistics
Area	105.27 km2 (40.64 sq mi)
Elevation	185 m  (607 ft)
Population	43,943 (31 December 2011)
- Density	417 /km2 (1,081 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	NDH
Postal code	99734
Area code	03631
Website	www.nordhausen.de

Nordhausen is a town at the southern edge of the Harz Mountains, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Nordhausen. It was once known for its tobacco industry, and is still known for its distilled spirit, Nordhäuser Doppelkorn.

History

Imperial City of Nordhausen Reichstadt Nordhausen
Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
← 1220–1802 →
Nordhausen in the 17th century
Capital		Nordhausen
Government		Republic
Historical era		High Middle Ages
-	Settlement founded	650-700
-	Reichsfreiheit	27 July 1220
-	Reichsfreiheit     confirmed	1290
-	New city constitution	14 February 1375
-	Joined Hanseatic     League	1430
-	Reformation	1523
-	Ceded to Prussia	1802
-	Ceded to Westphalia	1807–13
Today part of		Germany

The town is first mentioned in a 13 May 927 document of King Henry the Fowler, but an earlier settlement on the site dates back to around 650 to 700. In 1220, Emperor Frederick II made it an Imperial Free City, and in 1430 Nordhausen joined the Hanseatic League. In 1500 it became part of the Lower Saxon Circle, and from around the same year the city began producing fermented grain liquor, which became famous under the name Nordhäuser Doppelkorn. In 1523, a year in which Thomas Müntzer spent some time in the city, the Protestant Reformation came to Nordhausen.

Nordhausen main train station.

Nordhausen HSB train station.

Cathedral of the Holy Cross.

Echter Nordhäuser Doppelkorn plant.

After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, much of Nordhausen's surroundings became part of Brandenburg-Prussia, although the city itself remained independent. During the Napoleonic Wars, Prussian troops occupied Nordhausen on 2 August 1802; the city lost its status as an Imperial Free City during the German Mediatisation. It became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia created in 1807. Following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, Nordhausen was included in the Kingdom of Prussia's Province of Saxony created in 1816. Nordhausen was an urban district from 1882-1950.

In 1866 Nordhausen station was opened on the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle.

The Mittelbau-Dora Nazi concentration camp was located on the outskirts of town during World War II to provide labor for the Mittelwerk V-2 rocket factory in the Kohnstein. On April 3 and 4 April 1945 three-quarters of the town was destroyed by bombing raids of the Royal Air Force, in which around 8,800 people died, including 1500 sick prisoners at the Boelcke Kaserne barracks within Nordhausen. Earlier on August 24, 1944, 11 B-17 Flying Fortresses of Mission 568 bombed the airfield at Nordhausen as a target of opportunity. On 11 April 1945, the Americans occupied the town, and on 2 July the Red Army took over. A Special Mission V-2: US operation, by Maj. William Bromley, meant to recover V-2 rocket parts and equipment. Maj. James P. Hamill co-ordinated the rail transport of said equipment with the 144th Motor Vehicle Assembly Company, from Nordhausen to Erfurt (Operation Paperclip). On 18 July the Soviet administration created the Institute Rabe to develop Soviet rocket technology on the basis of the substantially more sophisticated V-2 rockets. In May 1946 the Institute was subsumed into the new Institute Nordhausen, under an expanded programme of research across the Soviet occupation zone, including a new Institute Berlin. On 22 October 1946, under Operation Osoaviakhim, 10-15,000 German scientists, engineers and their families were deported to the Soviet Union, including around 300 from Nordhausen. Transplanted along with their equipment, many remained there until the early 1950s.

Nordhausen was part of East Germany from 1949–1990 and was administered within Bezirk Erfurt. After the German reunification of 1990, Nordhausen was made part of the recreated state of Thuringia. Its medieval town centre has since been rebuilt. On 1 December 2007, the former municipalities Petersdorf, Rodishain and Stempeda were incorporated by Nordhausen.

Transportation

Since July 1897, Nordhausen Nord is the southern endpoint of the narrow-gauge Trans-Harz Railway. A link to the important Halle-Kassel normal-gauge main line was established in 1866. The Nordhausen tramway network forms another important part of the public transport system.

Education

Main article: Nordhausen University of Applied Sciences

Nordhausen has a Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences) that offers Bachelor's and Master's degrees in business administration, public management, and business engineering, among others.

Main sights

• A 17th-century Statue of Roland, at the outer wall of the Town Hall. It is considered a symbol of the town.
• The Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Dom „Zum Heiligen Kreuz“). It dates back to a church built in the mid-10th century. In 1220 the church was converted to a cathedral. The building has a late Gothic nave, while the towers, crypt and cloisters are in Romanesque style.
• The Frauenberger Kirche („St. Maria auf dem Berg“), a Romanesque church.
• The Petriturm (St. Peter's Tower), the remaining tower of a 14th-century church destroyed in 1945.
• The Kunsthaus Meyenburg, an early 20th-century Jugendstil villa that houses a small museum of contemporary art.
• The Theater, built in 1917.

Twin towns

The town is twinned with

• Beit Shemesh, Israel
• Charleville-Mézières, France
• Bochum, Germany
• Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland

External links

• Official website
•  "Nordhausen". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.