Quercus coccinea
| Scarlet oak | |
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| Tree in autumn | |
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| Species: | Q. coccinea
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| Quercus coccinea | |
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Quercus coccinea, the scarlet oak, is an oak in the red oak section Quercus sect. Lobatae. The scarlet oak can be mistaken for the pin oak, the black oak, or occasionally the red oak. On scarlet oak the sinuses between lobes are "C"-shaped in comparison to pin oak (Q. palustris), which has "U"-shaped sinuses and the acorns are half covered by a deep cap.[2]
Scarlet oak is mainly native to the central and eastern United States, from southern Maine west to Wisconsin and Missouri, and south as far as Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia.[3] It occurs on dry, sandy, usually acidic soils. It is often an important canopy species in an oak-heath forest.[4][5]
Description
Quercus coccinea is a medium-large deciduous tree growing to 20–30 m (67-100 feet) tall with an open, rounded crown. The leaves are glossy green, 7–17 cm (2.8-6.8 inches) long and 8–13 cm (3.2-5.2 inches) broad, lobed, with seven lobes, and deep sinuses between the lobes. Each lobe has 3-7 bristle-tipped teeth. The leaf is hairless (unlike the related pin oak, which has tufts of pale orange-brown down where the lobe veins join the central vein). The common English name is derived from the autumn coloration of the foliage, which generally becomes bright scarlet; in contrast, pin oak foliage generally turns bronze in autumn. The acorns are ovoid, 7–13 mm broad and 17–31 mm long, a third to a half covered in a deep cup, green maturing pale brown about 18 months after pollination; the kernel is very bitter.[6]
Uses
Scarlet oak is sometimes planted as an ornamental tree, popular for its bright red fall color, although the tree is less commonly seen in cultivation than Q. rubra (the northern red oak) and Q. palustris (pin oak). The cultivar 'Splendens' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[7]
The wood is generally marketed as red oak, but is of inferior quality, being somewhat weaker and not forming as large a tree.
References
- ^ The Plant List, Quercus coccinea Münchh.
- ^ University of Connecticut Plant Database: Quercus coccinea
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- ^ The Natural Communities of Virginia Classification of Ecological Community Groups (Version 2.3), Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 2010 Template:Wayback
- ^ Schafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina: third approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation.
- ^ Flora of North America: Quercus coccinea
- ^ Royal Horticultural Society, Quercus coccinea 'Splendens' , scarlet oak 'Splendens'
External links
- United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile: Quercus coccinea
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Forest Service, Silvic Manual: Quercus coccinea
- Quercus coccinea images from Vanderbilt Unitersity
- Interactive Distribution Map of Quercus coccinea
- photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1932
- Quercus
- Hardwood forest plants
- Trees of the Eastern United States
- Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
- Trees of the Northeastern United States
- Trees of the Southeastern United States
- Natural history of the Great Smoky Mountains
- Plants described in 1770
- Trees of humid continental climate
- Symbols of the District of Columbia
- Garden plants of North America
- Ornamental trees