Robert Goodloe Harper

Robert Goodloe Harper
United States Senator from Maryland
In office February 5, 1816 – December 6, 1816
Preceded by	Samuel Smith
Succeeded by	Alexander C. Hanson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 5th district
In office February 9, 1795 – March 4, 1801
Preceded by	Alexander Gillon
Succeeded by	William Butler
Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee
In office 1797 – 1800
Preceded by	William Loughton Smith
Succeeded by	Roger Griswold
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Spartanburg County
In office November 24, 1794 – February 9, 1795
Succeeded by	Henry Wells
Personal details
Born	January 1765 Fredericksburg, Virginia
Died	January 14, 1825 (aged 59–60) Baltimore, Maryland
Political party	Federalist
Other political affiliations	Anti-Administration
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America
Branch/service	United States Army
Rank	Major General
Battles/wars	War of 1812

Robert Goodloe Harper (January 1765 – January 14, 1825), a Federalist, was a member of the United States Senate from Maryland, serving from January 1816 until his resignation in December of the same year. He also served in the South Carolina House of Representatives (1790–1795), the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina (1795–1801), and in the Maryland State Senate. He is best remembered for the phrase, "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." The town of Harper, Liberia is named after him.

Early life

Harper, the fifth child and first son of Jesse Harper (1733 - ?) and Emily Diana Goodloe (1734–1788) was born near Fredericksburg, Virginia in January 1765 and moved with his parents to Granville, North Carolina around 1769. He received his early education at home and later attended grammar school. At the age of fifteen, Harper joined a volunteer corps of Cavalry and served in the American Revolutionary Army. He made a surveying tour through Kentucky and Tennessee in 1783, and graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1785. He studied law in Charleston, South Carolina, teaching school at the same time, and was admitted to the bar in 1786. He commenced practice in the Ninety-Sixth District of South Carolina, moving back to Charleston, S.C. in 1789.

On 7 May 1800, Harper married Catherine Carroll in Anne Arundel Co, Maryland, the daughter of Charles & Mary (Darnall) Carroll.

Robert had a least 4 children with Catherine:

• • Charles Carroll Harper, m. Charlotte Hutchinson Cheffelle
  • Richard Caton Harper
  • Robert Goodloe Harper, Jr
  • Emily Louisa Harper, m. William Clapham Pennington.

Political career in South Carolina

Harper was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1790 until 1795, at which time he was elected from South Carolina to the Third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alexander Gillon. He was reelected to the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Congresses but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1800 to the Seventh Congress, serving as a U.S Representative from February 9, 1795 to March 1801. While in Congress, he was the chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means in the Fifth and Sixth Congresses. Harper was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1798 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against William Blount.

Political career in Maryland

Harper moved to Baltimore, Maryland, and engaged in the practice of law. He served in the War of 1812, attaining the rank of major general. He assisted in organizing the Baltimore Exchange Co. in 1815 and was a member of the first board of directors. He then became a member of the Maryland State Senate, and was later elected from Maryland to the United States Senate for the term beginning March 4, 1815, serving from January 1816 until December 1816, when he resigned. He was an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for Vice President in the 1816 election. He also received one electoral vote for Vice President in the 1820 election.

Retirement

Harper traveled extensively in Europe in 1819 and 1820. He took a prominent part in the ceremonies on the occasion of Lafayette’s visit to Baltimore in 1824. He died in Baltimore on January 14, 1825, and was initially interred in the family burial ground on his estate, ”Oakland”, and later reburied in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore.

References

• American National Biography Papenfuse, Eric.
• The Evils of Necessity: Robert Goodloe Harper and the Moral Dilemma of Slavery; Cox, Joseph.
• Champion of Southern Federalism: Robert Goodloe Harper of South Carolina. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1972.
• United States Congress. "Robert Goodloe Harper (id: H000225)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.