Royal Astronomical Society

This article is about the British Society. For the Canadian Society, see Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.

The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society that began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by 'gentleman astronomers' rather than professionals). It became the Royal Astronomical Society in 1831 on receiving its Royal Charter from William IV. A Supplemental Charter in 1915 opened up the fellowship to women. It is the UK adhering organisation to the International Astronomical Union and a member of the Science Council, and encourages and promotes the study of astronomy, solar-system science, geophysics and closely related branches of science. Meetings are held in Burlington House, in Piccadilly, London and across the United Kingdom. They are also involved in the production of astronomical journals and periodicals. The Society has over 3000 members, around a third of whom live outside the United Kingdom.

Publications

One of the major activities of the RAS is publishing refereed journals. It currently publishes two world-leading primary research journals, MNRAS in astronomy and (in association with the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft) GeoJI in geophysics, and A&G, which publishes review and other articles of wide interest in a 'glossy' format. The full list of journals published (both currently and historically) by the RAS, with abbreviations as used for the NASA ADS bibliographic codes is:

• Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society (MmRAS): 1822 – 1978
• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS): Since 1827
• Geophysical Supplement to Monthly Notices (MNRAS): 1922 – 1957
• Geophysical Journal (GeoJ): 1958 – 1988
• Geophysical Journal International (GeoJI): Since 1989 (volume numbering continues from GeoJ)
• Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (QJRAS): 1960 – 1996
• Astronomy & Geophysics (A&G): Since 1997 (volume numbering continues from QJRAS)

Fellowship

Members of the RAS are styled fellows, and may use the postnominals FRAS. Fellowship is open to anyone over the age of 18 who is considered acceptable to the society. As a result of the society's foundation in a time before there were many professional astronomers, no formal qualifications are required. However, around three quarters of fellows are professional astronomers or geophysicists. The society acts as the professional body for astronomers and geophysicists in the UK and fellows may apply for the Science Council's Chartered Scientist status through the society. The fellowship passed 3,000 for the first time during 2003.

Meetings

The Society regularly organises monthly discussion meetings on topics in astronomy and geophysics, which are usually held in London on the second Friday of every month from September through to June. (Reports of the meetings appear in The Observatory.) It also sponsors the RAS National Astronomy Meeting, a lengthier meeting of professional astronomers held each spring, and occasionally meetings in other parts of the UK.

Library

The Royal Astronomical Society has a more comprehensive collection of books and journals in astronomy and geophysics than the libraries of most universities and research institutions. The library receives some 300 current periodicals in astronomy and geophysics and contains more than 10,000 books from popular level to conference proceedings. Its collection of astronomical rare books is second only to that of the Royal Observatory in Edinburgh in the UK. The RAS library is a major resource not just for the Society but also the wider community of astronomers, geophysicists, and historians.

Education

The society is also involved in promoting astronomy to members of the general public through their various outreach pages for students, teachers, the public and media researchers. The RAS has an advisory role in relation to United Kingdom public examinations, such as GCSEs and A Levels

Associated groups

The RAS sponsors a number of topical groups, many of them in interdisciplinary areas where the group is jointly sponsored by another learned society or professional body:

• The Astrobiology Society of Britain
• The Astroparticle Physics Group (with the Institute of Physics)
• The Astrophysical Chemistry Group (with the Royal Society of Chemistry)
• The British Geophysical Association (with the Geological Society of London)
• The Magnetosphere Ionosphere and Solar-Terrestrial group (generally known by the acronym MIST)
• The UK Planetary Forum
• The UK Solar Physics group

Presidents

The first person to hold the title of President of the Royal Astronomical Society was William Herschel, though he never chaired a meeting, and since then the post has been held by many distinguished astronomers. The post is currently offered for a period of two years.

Recent Presidents:

• 1992 Martin Rees
• 1994 Carole Jordan
• 1996 Malcolm Longair
• 1998 David Williams
• 2000 Nigel Weiss
• 2002 Jocelyn Bell Burnell
• 2004 Kathryn Whaler
• 2006 Michael Rowan-Robinson
• 2008 Andrew Fabian

Notable former Presidents:

John Couch Adams George Airy Francis Baily Arthur Cayley George Darwin Herbert Dingle Frank Watson Dyson Arthur Eddington James Glaisher William Herschel (first president) John Herschel Fred Hoyle William Huggins James Jeans Harold Jeffreys Edward Knobel William Lassell John Lee Lord Lindsay Bernard Lovell

Donald Lynden-Bell Percy Alexander MacMahon Reverend Robert Main Admiral Manners William McCrea Arthur Milne Henry Crozier Keating Plummer Charles Pritchard Kenneth Pounds Ralph Allen Sampson Michael Seaton Francis Graham Smith William Henry Smyth Harold Spencer Jones William Herbert Steavenson Edward Stone Frederick John Marrian Stratton Arnold Wolfendale Richard van der Riet Woolley John Wrottesley

Medals

The highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society is its Gold Medal. Among the recipients best known to the general public are Albert Einstein in 1926, and Stephen Hawking in 1985.

Other awards include the Eddington Medal, the Herschel Medal, the Chapman Medal, the Price Medal and the Jackson-Gwilt Medal. Lectureships include the Harold Jeffreys Lectureship in geophysics, the George Darwin Lectureship in astronomy, and the Gerald Whitrow Lectureship in cosmology.

Other activities

The Society occupies premises at Burlington House, London, where a substantial library and meeting rooms are available to fellows and, by arrangement, other interested parties. The Society represents the interests of astronomy and geophysics to UK national and regional, and European government and related bodies, and maintains a press office, through which it keeps the media and the public at large informed of relevant developments in these sciences. The society also allocates grants to worthy causes in astronomy and geophysics, and assists in the management of the Paneth Trust

See also

• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

External links

• The Royal Astronomical Society
• Complete list of Gold Medal recipients
• Astronomy & Geophysics
• Geophysical Journal International
• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• The Astrobiology Society of Britain
• The Astrophysical Chemistry Group
• The British Geophysical Association
• Magnetosphere Ionosphere and Solar-Terrestrial
• UK Planetary Forum
• UK Solar Physics