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SCO2 cytochrome c oxidase assembly (also known as SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial and SCO cytochrome oxidase deficient homolog 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCO2gene.[5][6][7]
Function
Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In yeast, 2 related COX assembly genes, SCO1 and SCO2 (synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase), enable subunits 1 and 2 to be incorporated into the holoprotein. This gene is the human homolog of the yeast SCO2 gene.[7]
Mutations in this gene that alter the regulation of copper and oxygen levels are associated with a severe COX deficiency in striated muscle, an early onset fatal cardiac encephalomyopathy,[8] and a severe form of nearsightedness.
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Paret C, Ostermann K, Krause-Buchholz U, Rentzsch A, Rödel G (Mar 1999). "Human members of the SCO1 gene family: complementation analysis in yeast and intracellular localization". FEBS Letters. 447 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00266-5. PMID10218584.
^Horng YC, Leary SC, Cobine PA, Young FB, George GN, Shoubridge EA, Winge DR (Oct 2005). "Human Sco1 and Sco2 function as copper-binding proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (40): 34113–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M506801200. PMID16091356.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^Jaksch M, Paret C, Stucka R, Horn N, Müller-Höcker J, Horvath R, Trepesch N, Stecker G, Freisinger P, Thirion C, Müller J, Lunkwitz R, Rödel G, Shoubridge EA, Lochmüller H (Dec 2001). "Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency due to mutations in SCO2, encoding a mitochondrial copper-binding protein, is rescued by copper in human myoblasts". Human Molecular Genetics. 10 (26): 3025–35. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.26.3025. PMID11751685.
Further reading
Papadopoulou LC, Sue CM, Davidson MM, Tanji K, Nishino I, Sadlock JE, Krishna S, Walker W, Selby J, Glerum DM, Coster RV, Lyon G, Scalais E, Lebel R, Kaplan P, Shanske S, De Vivo DC, Bonilla E, Hirano M, DiMauro S, Schon EA (Nov 1999). "Fatal infantile cardioencephalomyopathy with COX deficiency and mutations in SCO2, a COX assembly gene". Nature Genetics. 23 (3): 333–7. doi:10.1038/15513. PMID10545952.
Jaksch M, Ogilvie I, Yao J, Kortenhaus G, Bresser HG, Gerbitz KD, Shoubridge EA (Mar 2000). "Mutations in SCO2 are associated with a distinct form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency". Human Molecular Genetics. 9 (5): 795–801. doi:10.1093/hmg/9.5.795. PMID10749987.
Jaksch M, Horvath R, Horn N, Auer DP, Macmillan C, Peters J, Gerbitz KD, Kraegeloh-Mann I, Muntau A, Karcagi V, Kalmanchey R, Lochmuller H, Shoubridge EA, Freisinger P (Oct 2001). "Homozygosity (E140K) in SCO2 causes delayed infantile onset of cardiomyopathy and neuropathy". Neurology. 57 (8): 1440–6. doi:10.1212/wnl.57.8.1440. PMID11673586.
Jaksch M, Paret C, Stucka R, Horn N, Müller-Höcker J, Horvath R, Trepesch N, Stecker G, Freisinger P, Thirion C, Müller J, Lunkwitz R, Rödel G, Shoubridge EA, Lochmüller H (Dec 2001). "Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency due to mutations in SCO2, encoding a mitochondrial copper-binding protein, is rescued by copper in human myoblasts". Human Molecular Genetics. 10 (26): 3025–35. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.26.3025. PMID11751685.
Salviati L, Sacconi S, Rasalan MM, Kronn DF, Braun A, Canoll P, Davidson M, Shanske S, Bonilla E, Hays AP, Schon EA, DiMauro S (May 2002). "Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency due to a novel SCO2 mutation mimics Werdnig-Hoffmann disease". Archives of Neurology. 59 (5): 862–5. doi:10.1001/archneur.59.5.862. PMID12020273.
Sacconi S, Salviati L, Sue CM, Shanske S, Davidson MM, Bonilla E, Naini AB, De Vivo DC, DiMauro S (Feb 2003). "Mutation screening in patients with isolated cytochrome c oxidase deficiency". Pediatric Research. 53 (2): 224–30. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000048100.91730.6A. PMID12538779.
Tarnopolsky MA, Bourgeois JM, Fu MH, Kataeva G, Shah J, Simon DK, Mahoney D, Johns D, MacKay N, Robinson BH (Mar 2004). "Novel SCO2 mutation (G1521A) presenting as a spinal muscular atrophy type I phenotype". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 125A (3): 310–4. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.20466. PMID14994243.
Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW (Jun 2004). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nature Biotechnology. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID15146197.
Leary SC, Kaufman BA, Pellecchia G, Guercin GH, Mattman A, Jaksch M, Shoubridge EA (Sep 2004). "Human SCO1 and SCO2 have independent, cooperative functions in copper delivery to cytochrome c oxidase". Human Molecular Genetics. 13 (17): 1839–48. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh197. PMID15229189.
Matoba S, Kang JG, Patino WD, Wragg A, Boehm M, Gavrilova O, Hurley PJ, Bunz F, Hwang PM (Jun 2006). "p53 regulates mitochondrial respiration". Science. 312 (5780): 1650–3. doi:10.1126/science.1126863. PMID16728594.
Leary SC, Cobine PA, Kaufman BA, Guercin GH, Mattman A, Palaty J, Lockitch G, Winge DR, Rustin P, Horvath R, Shoubridge EA (Jan 2007). "The human cytochrome c oxidase assembly factors SCO1 and SCO2 have regulatory roles in the maintenance of cellular copper homeostasis". Cell Metabolism. 5 (1): 9–20. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.12.001. PMID17189203.
Banci L, Bertini I, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Gerothanassis IP, Leontari I, Martinelli M, Wang S (Sep 2007). "A structural characterization of human SCO2". Structure. 15 (9): 1132–40. doi:10.1016/j.str.2007.07.011. PMID17850752.