Strongman (politics)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A strongman is a political leader who rules by force and runs an authoritarian regime. The term is often used interchangeably with "dictator", but differs from a "warlord".
A strongman is not necessarily always a formal head of government, however. Sometimes the term is used to describe a military or political figure who exercises far more influence over the government than is constitutionally allowed. General Manuel Noriega, for example, was often dubbed the "Strongman of Panama" for the enormous amount of political power he exercised over Panama, despite the fact that he was not the formal president of the state.
Political figures referred to as "strongmen" [edit]
- Isaias Afewerki[2]
- Omar al-Bashir[3]
- Desi Bouterse[4]
- Fidel Castro[5]
- Hugo Chávez[6][7][8]
- Deng Xiaoping[9]
- Francisco Franco[10]
- Muammar Gaddafi[11]
- Paul Kagame[12]
- Kim Jong-il[13]
- Lee Kuan Yew[14]
- Mao Zedong[9]
- Ferdinand Marcos[15]
- Mahathir bin Mohamad[16][17]
- Daniel Arap Moi[18]
- Hosni Mubarak[19]
- Robert Mugabe[20]
- Pervez Musharraf[21][22]
- Napoleon[23]
- Manuel Noriega[24]
- Park Chung-hee[25][26]
- Augusto Pinochet[27]
- Chiang Kai-shek[28]
- Vladimir Putin[29][30]
- Syngman Rhee[31]
- Hun Sen[32]
- Joseph Stalin[33]
- Franjo Tudjman[34]
References [edit]
- ^ "Brazilians rally against Ahmadinejad – By Tom Gross – Media Blog – National Review Online". Media.nationalreview.com. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ wadanka - The bad boy of the Horn of Africa: How Eritrea’s strongman uses Kenya as a terror finance hub
- ^ http://www.freedomhouse.org/article/freedom-house-condemns-sudanese-government%E2%80%99s-killing-12-during-protests
- ^ "Suriname: The Dictator Who Came In From The Cold". Time. 12 August 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ "Castro: Clinton-Obama ticket 'invincible'". CNN. 28 August 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ Delacour, Justin. "The Op-Ed Assassination of Hugo Chávez". Fair.org. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Hugo Chavez to make himself president for life". Telegraph. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ The Castro in Caracas: Venezuelan strongman Hugo Chavez, in Fidel's image | National Review | Find Articles at BNET.com[dead link]
- ^ a b Xiang, Lanxin (20 April 2012). "Bo Xilai probe shows up China's outdated system of government". South China Morning Post
- ^ Joy Hakim (2002). War, Peace, and All That Jazz. Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-19-515335-4.
- ^ "The Wall Street Journal Online – Featured Article". Opinionjournal.com. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "World | Africa | Profile: Rwanda's strongman". BBC News. 25 January 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Is North Korean dictator Kim Jong Il ready to trade away his growing nuclear arsenal, or is he just playing for time? – US News and World Report". Usnews.com. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Ferdinand Marcos
- ^ TIMEasia Magazine: Malaysia – The Last of the Strongmen[dead link]
- ^ "Malaysia crisis | Profile: Malaysia's strongman Mahathir". BBC News. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Moi's legacy to Kenya". BBC News. 5 August 2002. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ Hardy, Roger (11 February 2011). "Middle East after Hosni Mubarak: impact of a revolution". BBC. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ Graham K. Brown; Arnim Langer (2013). Elgar Handbook of Civil War and Fragile States. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 387. ISBN 978-1-84844-842-1.
- ^ CBC.ca[dead link]
- ^ William Mervin Gumede (2007). Thabo Mbeki and the Battle for the Soul of the ANC. Zebra. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-77007-099-8.
- ^ Claus Telp (2005). The Evolution Of Operational Art, 1740-1813: From Frederick The Great To Napoleon. Frank Cass. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-7146-5722-6.
- ^ "Manuel Noriega Biography". Notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Ex-Dictator’s Daughter Nominated for South Korean Presidency". New York Times. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
- ^ "Chung Il Kwon; Ex-South Korea Leader". Los Angeles Times. 20 January 1994. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
- ^ "People's Daily Online – Pinochet, long-time strongman in Chile, dies at 91". People's Daily. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Taiwan tosses Chiang Kai-shek statues to shed authoritarian past". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
- ^ "Myth of the Strongman". The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ Angus Roxburgh (2012). The Strongman: Vladimir Putin and the Struggle for Russia. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78076-016-2.
- ^ Monday, 30 June 1952 (30 June 1952). "Strongman Syngman". TIME. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "ASIA-PACIFIC | Cambodia strongman gives election pledge". BBC News. 29 April 1998. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ Monday, 2 April 1956 (2 April 1956). "The Quick & the Dead". TIME. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Croat Strongman Nears Death". The Guardian. 14 November 1999. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
