Lysimachia borealis
| Lysimachia borealis | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Primulaceae |
| Genus: | Lysimachia |
| Species: | L. borealis
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| Binomial name | |
| Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U.Manns & Anderb.
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| Synonyms[3] | |
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Lysimachia borealis (synonym Trientalis borealis), the starflower, is a North American woodland perennial that blooms between May and June.[4][5]
Description[edit]
Starflowers have creeping rhizomes with 5–20 cm (2.0–7.9 in) vertical stalks. Each stalk has a whorl of 5–10 lanceolate leaves (up to 8 centimetres or 3.1 inches long) at its tip, with one to four (most often one or two) white flowers on smaller stalks extending from the center of the whorl. The flowers are about 15 mm (1⁄2 in) across and consist of five to nine petals that form a star-like shape. Its fruit is tiny, globe-shaped, pale blue, and matte.[6][7]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Lysimachia borealis is found from Canada to north-central and eastern United States. It is found in temperate climates.[8]
Taxonomy[edit]
Two subspecies are recognized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture:
- Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. borealis[9]
- Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. latifolia (Hook.) Hultén – broadleaf starflower[10]
Conservation status[edit]
Lysimachia borealis is considered to be of "least concern" overall according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature.[1] As of 2017, L. borealis is listed as endangered by Georgia and Kentucky and as threatened by Illinois and Tennessee.[11]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Trientalis borealis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T64326168A67731147. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64326168A67731147.en. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ NatureServe (1 December 2023). "Trientalis borealis". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ "Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U.Manns & Anderb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 13 December 2019.[dead link]
- ^ VASCAN, Canadensys
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trientalis borealis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ^ Trientalis borealis Northern Starflower Retrieved 3 November 2017.
- ^ Leboeuf, Michel (2016). Arbres et plantes forestières du Québec et des Maritimes (in French) (Revised and augmented ed.). Canada: Éditions Michel Quintin. p. 279. ISBN 978-2-89762-097-4.
- ^ "Lysimachia borealis". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team. "Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. borealis". Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team. "Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. latifolia (Hook.) Hultén". Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ "Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. borealis". Plants Database. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Archived from the original on 18 June 2017.
- Northern Starflower, borealforest.org
- Wildflowers of Minnesota's Northwoods pamphlet, 1999, Minnesota DNR
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