User:Ekem/sandbox

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Unreconciled junk[edit]

It is entirely unclear that copyright laws are economically useful, even for the majority of authors. Thus Höffner compared the economic effects copyright law had on authors and publishing in the United Kingdom to those in Germany in the first part of the nineteenth century when in Germany such laws had not been instituted, and found that more books were printed and read in Germany where authors, in general, also made more money.[1]


The problem with corporations as far as Jackson was concerned was they had no body to be kicked or soul to be damned. —Harry Watson, historian pbs Andrew Jackson: Good, Evil & The Presidency. The Corporations

References[edit]

  1. ^ Eckhard Höffner. "Copyright and structure of authors' earnings|" (PDF). Retrieved February 11, 2012.

cite journal|pmid=.

EMS1[edit]

The Wend Collective is an American philanthropic NGO that as a social impact fund is "exploring pathways towards a better world".[1] Also called Wend Ii Inc it was founded in 2018 and is co-led by James Walton, grandson of Sam Walton.[2] [3] The Wend Collective is headquartered in Denver, Colorado.[4]


Projects supported[edit]

  • ALMA Tacoma (funding ceased in 2023)[5]
  • City Thread [6]
  • Council for Responsible Social Media[7]
  • Camp Reimagined, NY [8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ name=linkedinOctober 2023
  2. ^ name-forbes{{cite news url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2022/10/10/cities-to-share-more-than-10-million-in-cycleway-grants-from-billionaire-backed-programs/?sh=5301d25d6a26 author=Carlton Reis title=Cities To Share More Than $10 Million In Cycleway Grants From Billionaire-Backed Programs publisher=Forbes date=October 10, 2022|access date=October 9, 2023}}
  3. ^ Nonprofit Explorer 2023
  4. ^ [1]
  5. ^ Staff (October 9,2023). "ALMA Tacoma closes after five years as arts hub". The News TRibune. Retrieved October 9, 2023. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ name=forbes
  7. ^ Christiano Lima (October 12, 2022). "'Responsible social media' council looks to bridge divides on tech". The Washington Post. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |access date= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Chris McKenna (September 1, 2021). "Group buys 954-acre YMCA camp in Deerpark for $7M with vow to continue its mission". recordonline. Retrieved October9, 2023. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

Category: Category:

References[edit]

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Ekem/sandbox&action=edit&section=3

External links[edit]

EMS2[edit]

Viral myositis refers to muscle inflammations caused by a variety of virus infections. Any muscle group could be affected, most commonly the striated muscles in the neck, arms, legs, and hips. Patients may encounter signs of a prodromal viral infection followed by muscle pain and weakness. The myositis may be the result of a direct muscle infection or, indirectly, caused by an immune-related reaction of muscle tissue body to a viral infection.[1] The condition is uncommon.

Myositis may be caused also by other infections, namely those by bacteria, fungi, or parasites,[2]

Symptoms[edit]

Symptoms vary and depend on the muscle group that is affected. Different manifestations have been described ranging from acute, subacute and chronic manifestations. The patients experience muscle pain, swelling, weakness, and loss of function. The involvement of respiratory muscles can lead to life-threatening difficulty in breathing. In severe cases muscle necrosis rhabdomyolysis may occur and lead to kidney failure. Also, immune-mediated polymyositis may develop.[2]. Viral myositis can appear in any age group. A specific variation is seen in children as benign acute childhood myositis. Often, viral myositis is transient and self-limited.

There are case reports of viral myositis involving smooth muscle such as found in the esophagus.[3][4]


Viruses encountered in VM[edit]

Viral myositis has been described in conjunction with many virus infections including Adenovirus, Cytomegalovirus, Dengue virus, Enteroviruses (Coxsackie B virus and ECHO virus), Epstein‐Barr virus, Hepatitis B and C viruses, Herpes simplex virus 2, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HTLV‐1, Influenza A and B viruses, Mumps virus, Parainfluenza virus, Parvovirus B19, Varicella zoster virus, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] West Nile Virus,[12] and COVID-19 virus[13]

Diagnosis[edit]

A history of recent viral infection followed by muscle weakness and pain and perhaps swelling may suggest viral myositis. Specific viral-related testing may indicate the type of virus involved. Creatine kinase levels are markedly indicated. In severe cases, myoglobinuria is present.

A muscle biopsy is usually not necessary.[6] Histology shows signs of inflammation within the muscle tissue with the presence of immune cells. Muscle fibers may be swollen. Fibrosis and necrosis may be present.

Management and prognosis[edit]

Management depends on the extent and severity of the situation. In most patients, the condition is self-limited and reverts to normal function within one or several weeks.

Treatment involves rest and supportive care, hydration, physical therapy to maintain mobility, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen) to reduce pain and inflammation. In severe cases, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medication may be used.[8] In very severe cases, life-threatening complications such as respiratory or kidney failure need to be addressed.

See also[edit]

  • Polymyositis
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Necrotizing myopathy

See also[edit]

  • Myocarditis

References[edit]

  1. ^ van der Kooi AJ, de Visser M (2014). "Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies". Handb Clin Neurol. 119: 495-512. doi:10.3233/JND-180308. PMID 24365315.
  2. ^ a b Crum-Cianflone NF (2008). "Bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral myositis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 21 (3). doi:10.1128/CMR.00001-08. PMID 18625683.
  3. ^ Fiegl M, Gerbitz A, Gaeta A, Campe H, Jaeger G, Kolb HJ (2005). "Recovery from CMV esophagitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation using non-myeloablative conditioning: the role of immunosuppression". J Clin Virol (3): 219-23. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2005.07.001. PMID 16129661. {{cite journal}}: Text "Epub 2005 Aug 29." ignored (help)
  4. ^ Orvain C, Ducancelle A, Eymerit-Morin C, Rousselet MC, Oberti F, Hunault-Berger M, Tanguy-Schmidt (2015). "A Severe viral hepatitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) complicated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), treated with steroids". J Clin Virol: 66-8. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2014.11.013. PMID 25542474. {{cite journal}}: Text "Epub 2014 Nov 18." ignored (help)
  5. ^ Narayanappa G, Nandeesh BN (May 31, 2021). "Infective myositis". Brain Pathol. doi:10.1111/bpa.12950. PMID 34043257. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ a b Brisca G, Mariani M, Pirlo D, et al. (2021). "Management and outcome of benign acute childhood myositis in pediatric emergency department". Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 47 (1): 57. PMID 123455.
  7. ^ Costa Azevedo A, Costa E Silva A, Juliana Silva C, Poço Miranda S, Costa M, Martinho I (2022). "Benign acute childhood myositis: A 5-year retrospective study". Arch Pediatr. 29 (7): 490–493. PMID 36109287.
  8. ^ a b Berth SH, Lloyd TE (2020). "Secondary causes of Myositis". Curr Treat Options Neurol. 22 (11): 38. doi:10.1007/s11940-020-00646-0. PMID 33041620.
  9. ^ Parasca I, Damian L, Albu A (2006). "Infectios muscle disease". Rom J Intern Med. 44 (2): 131-41. PMID 17236294.
  10. ^ Middleton PJ, Alexander RM, Szymanski MT (1970). "Severe myositis during recovery from influenza". Lancet. 2 (7672): 533–5. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)91343-7. PMID 4195201.
  11. ^ Oliver ND, Millar A, Pendleton A (December 10, 2012). "A case report on parvovirus b19 associated myositis". Case Rep Rheumatol. doi:10.1155/2012/250537. PMID 23304613.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ^ Kiran AR, Lau RA, Wu KM, Wong AL, Clements PJ, Heinze ER (March 28, 2016). "Fever, Myositis, and Paralysis: Is This Inflammatory Myopathy or Neuroinvasive Disease?". Case Rep Rheumatol. doi:10.1155/2016/5395249. PMID 27119037.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. ^ Saud A, Naveen R, Aggarwal R, Gupta L (July 23, 2021). "COVID-19 and Myositis: What We Know So Far". Curr Rheumatol Rep. doi:10.1007/s11926-021-01023-9. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |vauthors= at position 30 (help)

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