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Some of the main mineral compositions found in calderas are crystaline basalt and clay. The term of caldera comes from the similarity of its surface to the one of an erupted volcano. External link La primavera caldera. La Primavera Caldera (Jalisco, Mexico). However, no celestial bodies in our solar system contain more volcanoes and summit calderas rather than the Earth, Mars, Venus, and Io. Link for caldera formation heading. A caldera is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms right after the eruption of a volcano and the release of  a magma chamber/reservoir. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, the structural support for the crust above the magma chamber is lost, causing it to form the cauldron shape. (Simpler caldera explanation). However, since some calderas form water deposits like lakes, they can transport sediments of silver or lead for example. When hydrothermal fluids circulate through the caldera, these sediments are deposited elsewhere forming ore deposits such as gold, mercury, lithium clay, and even uranium. Caldera formation under water.