User:Paig5/sandbox
this is from the valencia page
17th century[edit]
The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos, descendants of the Muslim population that had converted to Christianity. Following a decree in September 1609, the king justified the expulsion by the fact that he did not think that the Moriscos were truly converted to Christianity. “Although neither carefully planned nor well prepared, it was forcefully executed. In the first year alone, from September 1609 to August 1610, a quarter of a million human beings were driven from their homes, the majority to North Africa....By early 1614, 50,000 more had been deported, and hardly any Moriscos remained in Spain.”[1] Because of the rise in the Christian population in Valencia at the time, and the onset of the Black Death, the Jews were being blamed for causing the disease and which lead to them being driven out as well. [2] They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon, and in the Valencia area specifically, they constituted roughly a third of the total population.[3] The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi [4] financial institution in 1613. The late 1600's left Valencia with a population decline to 6 million.[5]
18th century[edit]
The decline of the city reached its nadir with the War of Spanish Succession (1702–1709), which was caused by a lack of a male heir, and dodgy lines of succession [6] marking the end of the political and legal independence of the Kingdom of Valencia. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Valencia sided with the Habsburg ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, Charles of Austria. On 24 January 1706, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, 1st Earl of Monmouth, led a handful of English cavalrymen into the city after riding south from Barcelona, captured the nearby fortress at Sagunt, and bluffed the Spanish Bourbon army into withdrawal.
The English held the city for 16 months and defeated several attempts to expel them. After the victory of the Bourbons at the Battle of Almansa on 25 April 1707, the English army evacuated Valencia and Philip V ordered the repeal of the privileges of Valencia as punishment for the kingdom's support of Charles of Austria.[7] By the Nueva Planta decrees (Decretos de Nueva Planta), which were signed January 1716[8] the ancient Charters of Valencia were abolished and the city was governed by the Castilian Charter.
The Valencian economy recovered during the 18th century with the rising manufacture of woven silk and ceramic tiles. Spain as a whole saw much growth during this time in the textile industry. [9] The Palau de Justícia is an example of the affluence manifested in the most prosperous times of Bourbon rule (1758–1802) during the rule of Charles III. The Palau de Justica shows the magnificent elegance that the architects Josep Domènech i Estapà and Enric Sagnier i Vallavecchia, wanted the judicial building to have. [10] The 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment in Europe, and its humanistic ideals influenced such men as Gregory Maians and Perez Bayer in Valencia, who maintained correspondence with the leading French and German thinkers of the time.
- ^ Jónsson, M. (n.d.). The expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain in 1609–1614. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/6878568/The_expulsion_of_the_Moriscos_from_Spain_in_1609_1614
- ^ Kehillat Israel Jews in Spain Page. (2015). Retrieved from http://kehillatisrael.net/docs/learning/sephardim.html
- ^ Meyerson, Mark D. (1991). The Muslims of Valencia in the Age of Fernando and Isabel: between Coexistence and Crusade. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-520-06888-9.
- ^ Vives, J. V. (2016). Economic history of spain. p.229 Place of publication not identified: Princeton University Pres.
- ^ Ruiz, T. F. (2017). SPANISH SOCIETY 1348-1700. Place of publication not identified: TAYLOR & FRANCIS. p. 49
- ^ The Spanish War History. (n.d.). War of the Spanish Succession. Retrieved from https://www.spanishwars.net/18th-century-war-of-the-spanish-succession.html
- ^ Norwich, John Jules (2007). The Middle Sea. A History of the Mediterranean. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-7608-3.
- ^ Gobierno de Espana. (n.d.). Nueva Planta Decree. Retrieved May 24, 2019, from http://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/archivos-aca/en/actividades/documentos-para-la-historia-de-europa/nueva-planta.html
- ^ La Force, J. (1964). Royal Textile Factories in Spain, 1700–1800. The Journal of Economic History,24(3), 337-363. doi:10.1017/S0022050700060885
- ^ Government of Catalonia. (n.d.). Palau de Justícia de Barcelona. Retrieved from http://justicia.gencat.cat/ca/departament/infraestructures/edifjudicials/palau_justicia/