Jump to content

Valeriana woodsiana

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Kaltenmeyer (talk | contribs) at 03:29, 6 October 2022 (typo). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Valeriana woodsiana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Genus: Valerianella
Species:
V. radiata
Binomial name
Valerianella radiata
(L.) Dufr.

Valerianella radiata, synonyms Valerianella stenocarpa and Valerianella woodsiana, common name beaked cornsalad, is a plant native to the United States.[1] It is an annual self pollinating flowering plant and besides being mildly edible there are no known uses.[2] Valerianella radiata flowers from April- May.[3]

Description

Valerianella radiata typically grows to a high of 0.6 m (2 ft).[2] Flowers are perfect.[3] Has 5 white flower petals that are arranged bilaterally symmetrical with fused sepals.[3] Simple, entire, and toothed[3] leaves with opposite arrangement of two leaves per node on stem.[4] It has a stamen count of three that produces dry fruit 2 - 2.5 mm long.[4] It has a pistil count of one with three carpels, inferiors ovary with 3 locales and one ovule, slightly 3-lobed stigmas.[3] Valerianella radiata has a corolla length of less than 2 mm.[5] The fruit is usually yellowish and glabrous to finely pubescent and the fertile cells are slightly narrower than sterile cells.[6] A groove forms between the narrow and fertile sides of the fruit.[6] It is a self-fertile plant due to having both male and female organs.[2] Stems are hollow and ascend to erect, dichotomously branching (an important diagnostic character), angled, and glabrous to sparse pubescence on stem wing margins.[3] Basal leaves are sessile, short-petiolate, spatulate, obovate with bases fused around the stem, glabrous along margins and midvein of the undersurface.[3] Inflorescences are clusters that are small, dense, and usually paired on branch tips that have lanceolate bracts to narrowly elliptic.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Valerianella radiata distribution is in deciduous forest regions of the eastern United States.[7] This species is commonly found in creek beds, roadsides, ditches, clearings, hilltops, and pasture lands.[7] Valerianella radiata can be found in areas ranging from moderate shade to full sunlight exposure.[5] Valerianella radiata may be present in Japan as an introduced plant. [8]

Conservation status

It is listed as a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut,[9] and listed as endangered in New Jersey. It is listed as a weed in other parts of the United States.[1]

Taxonomy

Valerianella radiata is an annual, meaning that it grows from a seed, produces seeds, and dies all within a growing season, leaving dormant seeds.[10] Valerianella radiata has funnelform flowers which commonly leads to inbreeding.[7] This species has two varieties: var. radiata and var. fernaldii[7]. Valerianella radiata was originally described by Linnaeus [7] but was later renamed by Dufresne, Pierre.[11]  

Valerianella radiata herbarium sheet.

Toxicity

This plant is not known to be toxic.[2]

Edibility

Young raw leaves and the roots of the plant are edible.[2] Roots of plant are an unlikely food source due to their minuscule size.[2]

Weed control

Valerianella radiata is a common weed found in some gardens of the southeastern United States due to suitability in many types of soils and pH levels.[2] Applications of 0.11 kg glyphosate/ha was used to controlled V. radiata in non-crop situations[12].

References

  1. ^ a b "Plants Profile for Valerianella radiata (beaked cornsalad)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Valerianella radiata Beaked Cornsalad PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Valerianella radiata page". www.missouriplants.com. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  4. ^ a b "Valerianella radiata (beaked corn-salad): Go Botany". gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  5. ^ a b Wallis, C. S. "Valerianella in Cherokee County, Oklahoma." Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. 1952.
  6. ^ a b Cemper, Amanda B. "Valerianella radiata (Native) 4." (2011).
  7. ^ a b c d e Ware, Donna M. Eggers (January 1983). "Genetic Fruit Polymorphism in North American Valerianella (Valerianaceae) and Its Taxonomic Implications". Systematic Botany. 8 (1): 33. doi:10.2307/2418561. ISSN 0363-6445.
  8. ^ "Valerianella radiata (Willd.) Dufr". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  9. ^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 31 December 2017.(Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  10. ^ "What Is An Annual, Perennial, Biennial?". aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  11. ^ "Dufresne, Pierre | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  12. ^ "Weed control in dormant turf grass with glyphosate". www.cabi.org. 1984. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valeriana_woodsiana&oldid=1114360897"