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William Burn

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For other people named William Burn, see William Burn (disambiguation).

William Burn
William Burn
Born20 December 1789
Edinburgh,
Scotland
Died15 February 1870(1870-02-15) (aged 80)
London, England
NationalityScottish
OccupationArchitect
Known forcountry houses

William Burn FRSE (20 December 1789 – 15 February 1870) was a Scottish architect. He received major commissions from the age of 20 until his death at 81. He built in many styles and was a pioneer of the Scottish Baronial Revival,often referred to as the golden age of Scottish architecture.

Life

Burn was born in Rose Street[1] in Edinburgh, the son of architect Robert Burn and his wife Janet Patterson. He was the fourth born and the eldest survivor of the 16 children born.

William was educated at the High School in Edinburgh's Old Town. He started training with Sir Robert Smirke in London in 1808. This is where worked on Lowther Castle with C.R. Cockerell, Henry Roberts, and Lewis Vulliamy.

[2]

After training with the architect Sir Robert Smirke, designer of the British Museum, he returned to Edinburgh in 1812. Here he established a practice from the family builders' yard. His first independant commission was in Renfrewshire. In 1812 he designed the exchange assembly rooms for the Greenock. His father gave him the commission for a church in North Leith, this commission is what made his career and gave him a reputation.

On August 3rd, 1815 Burn married Elizabeth MacVicar. They lost 2 out of 7 children.

In 1816 Burn entered a competition to complete Robert Adam's University.[3] He lost the competition to William Henry Playfair. This made him hate competitions and Playfair. After this is when he started designing country houses. These house have Burn a bigger career than another Scottish architect before him.

In 1827 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, unusual for an architect, his proposer being James Skene. He resigned in 1845 following his move to London.

[4]

In 1825, he took on a pupil, David Bryce. In 1841 they went into partnership together. David ran the Scottish office and Burn ran the English office. By 1850 the Scottish office was much more profitable and the partnership ended. From 1844 he worked in London, where he took on his nephew John Macvicar Anderson as a partner.

In the 1830s he was living and working at 131 George Street in the New Town.[5]

He moved to London in 1844.[6] He opened his practice on Stratton Street.

Burn was a master of many styles, but all are typified by well-proportioned simplicity externally and frequent stunning interiors. He was a pioneer of the Scottish baronial Revival with Helen's Tower (1848), Castlewellan Castle (1856), and Balintore Castle (1859).

Freemasonry

It has not been ascertained where Burn became a Freemason but he was the Grand Architect of the Grand Lodge of Scotland from 1827–44 when his pupil, David Bryce, was named as 'joint' Grand Architect. Both served the Grand Lodge of Antient Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland, in that joint capacity until 1849. Thereafter, David Bryce was Grand Architect in his own right until 1876.[7]

Death

He died at 6 Stratton Street in Piccadilly, London,[8] and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery just on the edge of the path to the north-west of the Anglican Chapel.

Trained under Burn[9]

William Burn had many pupils:

David Bryce went on to perfect the Scottish Baronial Revival style of architecture.

Works

Burn was a prolific architect and happy to turn his hand to a variety of styles. He designed churches, castles, public buildings, country houses (as many as 600), monuments and other structures, mainly in Scotland but also in England and Ireland. His works include among others:

Scotland

England

Ireland

  • Edinburgh Academy
    Edinburgh Academy
  • St Johns Princes Street Edinburgh
    St Johns Princes Street Edinburgh
  • Ceiling of St Johns, Princes Street, Edinburgh
    Ceiling of St Johns, Princes Street, Edinburgh
  • Melville Monument in St Andrew Square, Edinburgh
    Melville Monument in St Andrew Square, Edinburgh
  • Burn's funerary monument, Kensal Green Cemetery, London
    Burn's funerary monument, Kensal Green Cemetery, London
  • Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire
    Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire

References

  1. ^ Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1789–1791
  2. ^ Walker, David M. (23 September 2004). Burn, William (1789–1870), architect. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4044.
  3. ^ "Dictionary of Scottish Architects - DSA Architect Biography Report (November 19, 2022, 2:02 am)". www.scottisharchitects.org.uk. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  4. ^ "William Burn: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  5. ^ "Edinburgh Post Office annual directory, 1832–1833". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  6. ^ Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland. Eds. John and Julia Keay. P.113. 1994.ISBN 0-00-255082-2
  7. ^ Grand Lodge of Scotland – Grand Lodge Office-bearers from 1737–1935. 1936. Pp.90–94. Privately Printed.
  8. ^ Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 – Biographical Index Part One (PDF). Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. p. 141. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
  9. ^ Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Burn
  10. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Lude House (LB6056)".
  11. ^ "THB 29 Murray Royal Asylum". Archive Services Online Catalogue. University of Dundee. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  12. ^ Monuments and Statues of Edinburgh, Michael T.R.B. Turnbull
  13. ^ Victorian Cliveden: history of house and gardens National Trust. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  14. ^ Irish Gardens by Olda FitzGerald, (1999) p. 170 (ISBN 1840910143)

Further reading

  • Walker, David (1984): William Burn and the influence of Sir Robert Smirke and William Wilkins on Scottish Greek Revival Design, 1810–40 in Scottish Pioneers of the Greek Revival, The Scottish Georgian Society, Edinburgh, pp 3–35
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