Willow (film)

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Willow
Directed by	Ron Howard
Produced by	George Lucas Joe Johnston Nigel Wooll
Written by	Screenplay: Bob Dolman Story: George Lucas
Starring	Warwick Davis Val Kilmer Joanne Whalley Jean Marsh Patricia Hayes Rachel Lawday
Music by	James Horner
Cinematography	Adrian Biddle
Editing by	Daniel P. Hanley Mike Hill Richard Hiscott
Studio	Lucasfilm Imagine Entertainment
Distributed by	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Release date(s)	United States: May 5, 1988 United Kingdom: December 9, 1988 Australia: December 15, 1988
Running time	126 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$35 million
Gross revenue	$57.27 million

Willow is a 1988 American fantasy film directed by Ron Howard and produced/co-written by George Lucas. Warwick Davis stars in the film, as well as Val Kilmer, Joanne Whalley, Jean Marsh and Patricia Hayes. With a sword and sorcery setting, Davis stars as the eponymous lead character and hero Willow, a reluctant Nelwyn (halfling) farmer who plays a critical role in protecting a special baby from a tyrannical queen.

Lucas conceived the idea for Willow in 1972, approaching Howard to direct during the post-production phase of Cocoon in 1985. Lucas believed he and Howard shared a relationship similar to the one Lucas enjoyed with Steven Spielberg. Bob Dolman was brought in to write the screenplay, coming up with seven drafts before finishing in late 1986. Willow was then set up at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and principal photography began in April 1987, finishing the following October.

The majority of filming took place at Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire, England, as well as Wales and New Zealand. Industrial Light & Magic created the visual effects sequences, which led to a revolutionary breakthrough with digital morphing technology. Willow was released in May 1988 to box office disappointment and mixed reviews from critics, but received two Academy Award nominations and cult film recognition.

Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Development 3.2 Filming 3.3 Visual effects 4 Soundtrack 5 Reception 5.1 Box office 5.2 Critical analysis 5.3 Awards 6 Legacy 6.1 Novels 6.2 Film/TV sequel 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links

[edit] Plot

Lucas's story is Tolkienesque; a young farmer named Willow Ufgood (Warwick Davis), one of a halfling-like people called Nelwyns, is drawn away from his sheltered home to save Elora Danan (a baby girl with a destiny) from the evil Queen Bavmorda (Jean Marsh) who would see her destroyed.

Willow is aided by the disillusioned master swordsman Madmartigan (Val Kilmer), who has turned to a life of roguery after the fall of his kingdom to the evil queen, and the sorceress Fin Raziel (Patricia Hayes), who has been turned into a muskrat by Bavmorda. They are initially thwarted, but later joined by the queen's daughter Sorsha (played by Joanne Whalley, later Kilmer's wife).

For many years, the evil sorceress Queen Bavmorda has ruled the land with an iron fist from her castle in Nockmaar, a volcanic wasteland. Then, a prophecy is made: a baby girl will be born. This little girl will grow up to become a powerful empress, and she will bring about the downfall of Queen Bavmorda. The Queen cannot allow this to happen, so she seizes all pregnant women in the kingdom with the intent to destroy the child of prophecy as soon as she's born. Bavmorda cannot simply kill the child, however; in order to destroy her completely, the Queen must perform a ritual which will exile the child's soul to the netherworld. The baby girl is finally born, recognizable by a mark on her arm. One of the midwives informs the Queen's daughter, the warrior princess Sorsha, who runs to fetch her mother. The baby's mother begs another midwife to help them. This midwife agrees to help, hiding the baby in a rag basket and giving the new mother a bundle of rags as a decoy. The midwife then sneaks the baby out of the castle. When the Queen arrives and discovers the decoy, she suspects the midwife. She sends her soldiers and Devil Dogs after the midwife and has the mother killed.

Over the next few months, the midwife makes her way across the country, keeping the baby safe. One day, the Devil Dogs catch up to them. To protect the baby, the she puts her into a basket made of sticks and twigs and pushes her down the river (much like baby Moses). The Devil Dogs then kill the midwife. The baby is found by a Nelwyn named Willow Ufgood and his family. Willow is a young farmer and a sorcerer-in-training and wants nothing to do with the baby, fearing that it may be a bad omen, but his family overrules him. Once they get the baby back to the house, Kaiya, Willow's wife, asks him to hold the baby. After holding the baby for a few minutes, Willow smiles and starts to accept the baby as one of his own.

The next day, Willow and his other two children, Mims and Ranon, attend a festival in the Nelwyn village, where Willow performs magic tricks. The festival comes to a stop as one of the Devil Dogs attacks the village. The village warriors quickly kill the dog, but the whole town is shaken up by the occurrence. Willow realizes that the dogs were after the baby, and tells Kaiya that they must take the baby to the village council. When the Ufgoods arrive at the village council with the baby, they overhear the village prefect, the snobbish Mr. Burglekutt, saying that whoever is responsible for the attack will be severely punished. Nervously, the Ufgoods turn to leave, but are stopped by the High Aldwin, the village elder, sorcerer and Willow's mentor. Willow presents the baby to the village council and Burglekutt suggests giving it to the dogs. The High Aldwin senses something special about the child and decrees that the baby must survive at all costs. He puts together a team composed of Willow, his best friend Meegosh, the reluctant Burglekutt, and several of the village's best warriors. He orders them to take the baby to the Daikini crossroads and give it to the first Daikini (tall person) that they see.

Back at Nockmaar, Bavmorda recruits General Kael to help Sorsha find the baby. Desperate for her mother's approval, Sorsha refuses help from Kael and only accepts when her mother forces her to. After they leave, one of Bavmorda's druids predicts that sometime soon Sorsha will betray her. Bavmorda laughs, "I trust her loyalty more than I trust yours."

When Willow and the others arrive at the crossroads, they meet a Daikini thief named Madmartigan imprisoned in a crow's cage. Having found a Daikini, Burglekutt tells Willow to give Madmartigan the baby. Willow refuses, because he thinks Madmartigan is a shady character. Annoyed by Willow's unwillingness to cooperate, Burglekutt convinces the others to head home; only Meegosh stays. The next day, an army marches by. Madmartigan "smells" a battle. After being questioned by Willow as to how he can tell, and if he's a warrior, Madmartigan proclaims that he's the greatest swordsman who ever lived. Willow tries to give the baby to one of the soldiers, but no one in the army cares about a "peck" (a derogatory term for a Nelwyn) or a child. Madmartigan sees his old friend, Airk, who informs Madmartigan that the Nockmaar army has destroyed the kingdom of Galadoorn. Madmartigan tells Airk to let him out so he can help in the fight against Nockmaar, but Airk, remembering how selfish Madmartigan can be, leaves him to rot. After the army passes, and seeing no other option, Willow and Meegosh free Madmartigan and give him the baby. Madmartigan heads off, promising to take good care of the baby.

As Willow and Meegosh head back towards home, they see an owl fly by, carrying the baby and being ridden by a Brownie. They chase after the owl and are eventually captured by the other Brownies. Willow and Meegosh wake up hours later, tied to the ground and surrounded by a pack of Brownies, led by Franjean. A voice from the forest orders Franjean to release Willow and Meegosh. The brownies quickly cut their ropes. The forest sorceress, Cherlindrea, appears to them and greets Willow. She reveals to them that the baby's real name is Elora Danan. Elora has chosen Willow to be her guardian, because she likes him. Cherlindrea reveals Elora's destiny to Willow and instructs him to take Elora to the kingdom of Tir Asleen, where a good king and queen will look after her. She gives Willow her magic wand and tells him to take it to Fin Raziel, another sorceress and an old rival of Bavmorda, who will guide Willow to Tir Asleen. She also warns Willow that if he doesn't accept the calling Elora will surely die, and nothing will stop Bavmorda. The next day, Willow decides to continue on and sends Meegosh back to the village. Willow starts out for the island of Fin Raziel, guided by Brownies Franjean and Rool.

At a tavern along the road, they run into Madmartigan. Neither are happy to see each other, since Willow feels Madmartigan is untrustworthy, and Madmartigan believes Willow is an annoyance. But Madmartigan helps Willow escape when Bavmorda's troops search the tavern. Madmartigan accompanies them on their way to the island. When they get to the island, Madmartigan goes his own way, and Willow goes to find Raziel. He's surprised to see that she's been turned into a sugar glider. He takes her to see Elora. Seeing the baby confirms Raziel's faith in the prophecy. Raziel can't do anything as an animal, so she tells Willow to change her back into a human. She's shocked to discover that Willow is just an amateur. Just then, everyone hears horses approaching. Bavmorda's troops ride up, led by Madmartigan who has betrayed Willow for unknown reasons. Willow, Raziel, Elora and Madmartigan (who has outlived his usefulness) are captured and taken to a Nockmaar encampment in the mountains. Franjean and Rool are left behind and are forced to track the horses up the mountains, Rool commenting that "this is more fun" than going home.

Willow and Madmartigan free Raziel, despite still being locked up, and Willow attempts to change her back into her human form. He fails, accidentally changing her into a crow. Franjean and Rool arrive and offer to help them out of their cage. Franjean uses his spear to pick the lock, but not before Madmartigan tries to intervene and is immediately struck with a sack containing a very powerful fairy love potion. Madmartigan sneaks into Sorsha's tent to retrieve Elora, but (still under the effects of the love potion) stops the moment he sees Sorsha—he falls instantly in love with her. Sorsha awakens and threatens to kill him, but is distracted by his poetic declarations of love—at least, until Kael arrives with Willow and the baby. Presuming that Madmartigan was lying to her as a distraction, they all begin to attack him—but Madmartigan grabs a spare sword and destroys the tent supports, kissing Sorsha and then cutting his way out.

At this point Madmartigan proves his claims of being an expert swordsman are not merely talk, as he dispatches three soldiers in a matter of seconds. Using a shield as a sled, Willow and Madmartigan ride out of the camp and down the hill toward a small village. Franjean and Rool are left behind once again, however, and after falling off the sled and smashing into a house as a human snowball, Madmartigan seems to come out of the effects of the love potion.

Raziel catches up and warns everyone in the village that Kael and his men are coming. Willow and Madmartigan hide with the rest of the villagers and meet up with Airk and his remaining soldiers; Airk has lost half his forces to Bavmorda, and even after capturing Sorsha he doubts highly that Madmartigan and Willow could ever take on Bavmorda. Nevertheless, Madmartigan remains loyal to Willow, and the two escape, with Sorsha as their captive. Airk and his men cover their escape. On the road to Tir Asleen, Sorsha asks Madmartigan if he was serious about being in love with her. Madmartigan says that he wasn't himself and has since come to his senses. Hurt and insulted, Sorsha escapes from Madmartigan and Willow and goes back to find Kael.

The arrival at Tir Asleen is quickly tempered when the group realizes that the castle has been cursed by Bavmorda—it is now overrun by trolls, and its inhabitants are frozen in quartz-like rock formations. As Madmartigan equips himself from the castle's armory, Willow again attempts to return Raziel to her human form, but the approach of Kael's army distracts him and he turns Raziel into a goat. After barring the gates, Madmartigan uses what little time he has to set up defenses, while Willow fights off a troll, accidentally turning it into an Eborsisk, a two-headed dragon which he promptly kicks into the moat below in disgust. As Kael shatters the gate with a battering ram, the Eborsisk grows at an alarming rate, forcing Kael to shift his men between fighting Madmartigan, fighting the beast, and searching for Elora. During the ensuing chaos, Sorsha switches sides to fight alongside Madmartigan, and Airk's army (with Franjean and Rool in tow) arrives, but Kael manages to injure Willow and escape with the child. Back at Nockmaar, Bavmorda is pleased to see that Elora has been finally caught, but is infuriated to hear that Sorsha has turned against her.

At the gates of Nockmaar, Airk's army has set up camp. Bavmorda promptly turns the entire force, excluding Willow and Raziel, into pigs. Willow, knowing the hour is desperate, tries once more to return Raziel to human form. She undergoes multiple transformations into a menagerie of animals, but finally becomes human again. Taking the wand, she proceeds to return the army to human form. At this point, Bavmorda has already prepared the ritual. With little by way of plans, Willow suggests a strategy that will get them inside the castle. Though it is a long shot, it is also their only hope.

Come morning, the ritual is not finished, and Willow and Raziel beckon Nockmaar to open its gates. Airk's army, disguised under seemingly empty tents, ambushes the cavalry and rides hard into the castle, disabling the gate's mechanism and allowing more troops to get inside. As Kael wades into combat, Sorsha guides Raziel and Willow to the tower where Elora is held. During the battle, Airk is killed. Before he dies, he tells Madmartigan to win the war for him. Madmartigan attacks Kael in a rage. Though evenly matched, Madmartigan manages to impale Kael on his own sword, throwing him to his death afterward.

Meanwhile, Sorsha manages to kill Bavmorda's aides, but is rendered unconscious when her mother attacks her magically. Fin Raziel and Bavmorda begin fighting over the wand, and eventually Raziel is choked until she is also unconscious. On his own, Willow manages to grab Elora, but he is cut off when Bavmorda seals the doors. Though it seems all is lost, Willow tricks Bavmorda by seemingly making the child disappear. In a rage, Bavmorda knocks over a vial of blood that would have been used on Elora. Moments later, she is struck by cursed lightning, unintentionally casting the spell down upon herself, thus banishing her to the Netherworld. As Madmartigan arrives, and Sorsha and Raziel regain consciousness, Willow explains that he used his classic "disappearing pig trick" to hide the baby. Elora is safely hidden behind a stone table.

Back at Tir Asleen, the curse is lifted, and the kingdom is restored to its former glory. Madmartigan and Sorsha stay and raise Elora Danan as their daughter. Raziel gives Willow a book of basic magic, and tells him that he is on his way to becoming a great sorcerer. He is sent home on a white pony. Back in the Nelwyn village, Willow is given a hero's welcome from the whole village. He is happy to see Meegosh, the High Aldwin, and especially his family again.

[edit] Cast

• Warwick Davis as Willow Ufgood: A reluctant Nelwyn dwarf who plays a critical role in protecting infant Elora Danan from the evil queen Bavmorda.
• Val Kilmer as Madmartigan: A boasting mercenary swordsman who helps Willow on his quest.
• Kate and Ruth Greenfield as Elora Danan: An infant princess that prophecy says will bring about Queen Bavmorda's downfall.
• Joanne Whalley as Sorsha: Warrior daughter of Bavmorda, who begins the film as an antagonist, but eventually shares a romantic relationship with Madmartigan. (And also in real life, as she eventually married Val Kilmer!)
• Jean Marsh as Queen Bavmorda: Villainous ruler of Nockmaar and mother of Sorsha.
• Patricia Hayes as Fin Raziel: Aging sorceress who is turned into a rodent due to a curse from Bavmorda. Willow, able to use the appropriate spell, restores Raziel into her original human form.
• Billy Barty as High Aldwin: Nelwyn wizard who commissions Willow to go on his journey.
• Pat Roach as General Kael: Villainous associate to Queen Bavmorda and high commander of her army. He is killed by Madmartigan in the Battle of Nockmaar.
• Gavan O'Herlihy as Airk Thaughbaer: Military commander of the (destroyed) kingdom of Galladorn who shares a mixed friendship with Madmartigan. Airk is killed by General Kael.
• Kevin Pollak and Rick Overton as Rool and Franjean: Brownie duo who also serve as comic reliefs in Willow's journey.
• David J. Steinberg as Meegosh: Willow's closest friend. Meegosh accompanies Willow on his journey.
• Mark Northover as Burglekutt: Leader of the Nelwyn village council. Burglekutt and Willow despise each other.
• Phil Fondacaro as Vohnkar: Nelwyn warrior who also accompanies Willow on his journey.
• Julie Peters as Kaiya Ufgood: Wife of Willow. Kaiya is a loving mother and enthusiastic in caring for Elora.
• Tony Cox as a Nelwyn warrior.

[edit] Production

[edit] Development

George Lucas conceived the idea for Willow (originally titled Munchkins) in 1972. Lucas' desire for Willow was similar to Star Wars, and create "a number of well-known mythological situations for a young audience".^[1][2] During the production of Return of the Jedi in 1982, Lucas approached Warwick Davis, who was portraying Wicket the Ewok, about playing Willow Ufgood. Five years passed before he was actually cast in the role. Lucas "thought it would be great to use a little person in a lead role. A lot of my movies are about a little guy against the system, and this was just a more literal interpretation of the that idea."^[1]

Lucas explained that he had to wait until the mid-1980s to make Willow because visual effects technology was finally advanced enough to execute his vision.^[2] Meanwhile, actor-turned-director Ron Howard was looking to do a fantasy film. Howard was at Industrial Light & Magic during the post-production phase of Cocoon, when he was first approached by Lucas to direct Willow. Howard had previously starred in Lucas' American Graffiti,^[3] and Lucas felt that he and Howard shared a simpatico relationship similar to the one Lucas enjoyed with Steven Spielberg. Howard nominated Bob Dolman to write the screenplay based on Lucas' story. Dolman worked with Howard on an unsold television pilot called Little Shots, and Lucas admired Dolman's work on the sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati.^[4]

Dolman joined Howard and Lucas at Skywalker Ranch for a series of lengthy story conferences, and wrote seven drafts of his script between the spring and fall of 1986.^[4] Pre-production began in late-1986. Various major film studios turned down the chance to distribute and co-finance Willow with Lucasfilm because they believed the fantasy genre was unsuccessful. This was largely due to films such as Krull, Legend, Dragonslayer and Labyrinth.^[5] Lucas took Willow to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), which was headed by Alan Ladd, Jr. Ladd and Lucas shared a relationship as far back as the mid-1970s, when Ladd, running 20th Century Fox, greenlighted Lucas' idea for Star Wars.^[6] However, in 1986, MGM was facing financial troubles and its major investment of a fantasy film was perceived as a risk. Ladd advanced half the $36 million budget for Willow in return for theatrical and television rights, leaving Lucasfilm with home video and pay television rights to offer in exchange for the other half.^[6]

[edit] Filming

Principal photography began on April 27, 1987 and ended that following October. Interior footage took place at Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire, England, while location shooting took place in Wales and New Zealand.^[6] Lucas initially visualized shooting Willow similar to Return of the Jedi, with studio scenes at Elstree and locations in Northern California, but the idea eventually faded. However, some exteriors were done around Skywalker Ranch and on location at Burney Falls, near Mount Shasta.^[7] The Chinese government refused Lucas the chance for a brief location shoot. He then sent a group of photographers to South China to photograph specific scenery, which was then used for background blue screen footage. Tongariro National Park in New Zealand was chosen to house Bavmorda's castle.^[7]

[edit] Visual effects

Lucas' Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) created the visual effects sequences. The script called for Willow to restore Fin Raziel (Patricia Hayes) from a goat to her original human form. Willow recites what he thinks is the appropriate spell, but turns the goat into an ostrich, and then a tortoise, and finally a tiger, before returning Raziel to her human body. ILM supervisor Dennis Muren considered using stop motion animation for the scene.^[8] He also explained that another traditional and practical way in the late-1980s to execute this sequence would have been through the use of an optical dissolve with cutaways at various stages.^[6]

Muren found both stop motion and optical effects to be too technically challenging and decided that the transformation scene would be a perfect opportunity for ILM to create advances with digital morphing technology. Muren proposed filming each animal, and the actress doubling for Patricia Hayes, and then feeding the images into a computer program developed by Doug Smythe (Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Iron Man).^[6] The program would then create a smooth transition from one stage to another before outputting the result back onto film. Smythe began development of the necessary software in September 1987. By March 1988, the impressive result Muren and fellow designer David Allen (Young Sherlock Holmes, Ghostbusters II) achieved what would represent a breakthrough for computer-generated imagery (CGI).^[6]

[edit] Soundtrack

Willow
Soundtrack by James Horner
Released	1988
Genre	Film music
Length	69:23
Label	Virgin
Producer	James Horner, Shawn Murphy
Professional reviews
Allmusic link Score Reviews link

The film score was written by James Horner and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra.^[9]

Track listing^[9]

1. "Elora Danan" – 9:45
2. "Escape from the Tavern" – 5:04
3. "Willow's Journey Begins" – 5:26
4. "Canyon of Mazes" – 7:52
5. "Tir Asleen" – 10:47
6. "Willow's Theme" – 3:54
7. "Bavmorda's Spell is Cast" – 18:11
8. "Willow the Sorcerer" – 11:55

[edit] Reception

[edit] Box office

Willow was shown and promoted at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival.^[10][11] The film was released on May 20, 1988 in 1,209 theaters, earning $8.3 million in its opening weekend. Willow eventually grossed $57.27 million in the United States, which Lucas considered a box office disappointment.^[12] He had hoped Willow would earn as much money as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial,^[11] but the film faced early competition with Crocodile Dundee II, Big and Rambo III.^[13]

[edit] Critical analysis

Willow was released with mixed reviews from critics.^[11] Based on 23 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, 43% of the critics enjoyed Willow with an average score of 5.4/10.^[14]

Roger Ebert admitted he thought Willow was entertaining, but nonetheless gave a largely negative review. Ebert wrote that the film is too dark for children and that he was largely disappointed with the story structure.^[15] Richard Corliss of Time magazine believed the sword and sorcery themes presented in Willow were overtly cliché.^[16] Janet Maslin from The New York Times praised Lucas' storytelling, but was critical of Ron Howard's direction. "Howard appears to have had his hands full in simply harnessing the special effects," Maslin said.^[17]

Desson Thomson, writing in The Washington Post, explained "Rob Reiner's similar fairytale adventure The Princess Bride (which Willow cinematographer Adrian Biddle also shot) managed to evoke volumes more without razzle-dazzle. It's a sad thing to be faulting Lucas, maker of the Star Wars trilogy and Raiders of the Lost Ark, for forgetting the tricks of entertainment."^[18] Mike Clark in USA Today wrote that "the rainstorm wrap-up, in which Good edges Evil is like Led Zeppelin Meets The Wild Bunch. Willow is probably too much for young children and possibly too much of the same for cynics. But any 6—13-year-old who sees this may be bitten by the "movie bug" for life."^[6]

[edit] Awards

Sound designers Ben Burtt and Richard Hymns of Skywalker Sound were nominated the Academy Award for Sound Editing, but lost to Who Framed Roger Rabbit. The visual effects supervisors also lost the Academy Award for Visual Effects to Roger Rabbit, which was similarly done by Industrial Light & Magic.^[19] Costume designer Barbara Lane won the Saturn Award for Best Costume Design. Warwick Davis (Performance by a Younger Actor) and Jean Marsh (Supporting Actress) also received nominations. Willow also lost the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film^[20] and Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation to Roger Rabbit.^[21] George Lucas and Bob Dolman (Worst Screenplay) and Billy Barty (Worst Supporting Actor) were given Golden Raspberry Award nominations.^[22]

[edit] Legacy

The film was released on DVD as a "special edition" in November 2001 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. The release included audio commentary by Warwick Davis and two "making of" featurettes. In the commentary, Davis confirms that there were a number of "lost scenes" previously rumored to have been deleted from the film including a battle in the valley, Willow battling a shark monster in a lake, and an extended sorceress duel at the climax.^[23] (Though removed from the theatrical version, the battle with the lake monster was retained for both Marvel Comics' adaptation and Wayland Drew's novelization of the film.)

[edit] Novels

Lucas outlined the Chronicles of the Shadow War trilogy to follow the film and hired comic book writer/novelist Chris Claremont to adapt them into a series of books. They take place about fifteen years after the original film and feature the now teenage Elora Danan as the central character.

1. Shadow Moon (1995) ISBN 0553572857
2. Shadow Dawn (1996) ISBN 055357289X
3. Shadow Star (2000) ISBN 0553572881

[edit] Film/TV sequel

Due to the cult film recognition Willow received since its release in 1988, Lucas and Warwick Davis commented in April 2005 that a television series acting as a sequel was under consideration.^[24] In June 2008, Davis reiterated his hopes to return for a theatrically released second installment of Willow.^[25] Davis also mentioned on his Twitter account on November 2, 2009, that he would be interested in doing a sequel.

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

• Wayland Drew (January 1988). Willow: A Novel. Novelization of the film. Del Rey Books. ISBN 978-0345351951. 
• Jo Duffy (January 1988). Willow. Comic book adaptation of the film. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0871353672. 
• Allen W. Varney; Eric Goldberg (September 1988). The Willow Sourcebook. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312930837. 

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Willow (film)

• Willow at the Internet Movie Database
• Willow at Allmovie
• Willow at Rotten Tomatoes
• Willow at Box Office Mojo

Fanzines

• The Crossroads
• The Big Big Willow/Shadow Moon Homepage

v • d • e Films directed by Ron Howard 1970s Grand Theft Auto (1977) 1980s Night Shift (1982) • Splash (1984) • Cocoon (1985) • Gung Ho (1986) • Willow (1988) • Parenthood (1989) 1990s Backdraft (1991) • Far and Away (1992) • The Paper (1994) • Apollo 13 (1995) • Ransom (1996) • EDtv (1999) 2000s How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000) • A Beautiful Mind (2001) • The Missing (2003) • Cinderella Man (2005) • The Da Vinci Code (2006) • Frost/Nixon (2008) • Angels & Demons (2009)

v • d • e George Lucas filmography 1970s THX 1138 (1971) · American Graffiti (1973) · Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) 1990s Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) 2000s Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) · Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) Shorts Herbie (1966) · The Emperor (1967) · Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB (1967) Produced 1970s More American Graffiti (1979) 1980s Kagemusha (1980) · Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) · Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)  · Body Heat (1981; uncredited) · Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) · Twice Upon a Time (1983) · Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) · Latino (1985; uncredited) · Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985) · Howard the Duck (1986) · Labyrinth (1986) · Captain EO (1986) · Star Tours (1987) · The Land Before Time (1988) · Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988) · Powaqqatsi (1988) · Willow (1988) · Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) 1990s The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (TV series) (1992) · Radioland Murders (1994) 2000s Star Wars: Clone Wars (TV series) (2003) · Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) · Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008) · Star Wars: The Clone Wars (TV series) (2008) 2010s Red Tails (2010) · Star Tours II (TBA) · Star Wars (TV series) (TBA) Related American Zoetrope · Lucasfilm · LucasArts · Skywalker Ranch · Skywalker Sound · Tomlinson Holman's eXperiment (THX) · Industrial Light & Magic (ILM)