Witness for the Prosecution
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| Witness for the Prosecution (1957) |
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 original movie poster |
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| Directed by | Billy Wilder |
| Produced by | Arthur Hornblow Jr. |
| Written by | Agatha Christie (short story & play) Larry Marcus Billy Wilder Harry Kurnitz |
| Starring | Tyrone Power Marlene Dietrich Charles Laughton |
| Music by | Matty Malneck Ralph Arthur Robert |
| Cinematography | Russell Harlan |
| Editing by | Daniel Mandell |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
| Release date(s) | February 6, 1958 |
| Running time | 116 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $3,000,000 (est.) |
Witness for the Prosecution is a 1958 American courtroom drama film based on a short story (and later play) by Agatha Christie dealing with the trial of a man accused of murder. This trial movie was the first film adaptation of the story, stars Tyrone Power, Marlene Dietrich, and Charles Laughton, and features Elsa Lanchester. The movie was adapted by Larry Marcus, Harry Kurnitz and the film's director Billy Wilder.
Witness for the Prosecution was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Charles Laughton), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Elsa Lanchester), Best Director, Best Film Editing, Best Picture, and Best Sound.
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[edit] Plot
Sir Wilfred Robarts (Charles Laughton), a master barrister in ill health, takes Leonard Vole (Tyrone Power) on as a client, over the protestations of his private nurse, Miss Plimsoll (Elsa Lanchester), that the doctor had told him to stay away from criminal cases. Vole is accused of murdering Mrs. French (Norma Varden), a rich, older woman who had become enamored of him, going so far as to make him the main beneficiary of her will. Strong circumstantial evidence all points to Vole as the killer.
When Sir Wilfred speaks with Vole's German wife Christine (Marlene Dietrich), he finds her rather cold and self-possessed, but she does provide an alibi. Therefore, he is greatly surprised when she is called as a witness for the prosecution. While a wife cannot testify against her husband, it is shown that Christine was in fact still married to another man when she wed Leonard. She testifies that Leonard admitted to her that he had killed Mrs. French, and that her conscience forced her to finally tell the truth.
During the trial (in the Old Bailey, carefully recreated by Alexandre Trauner), Sir Wilfred is contacted by a mysterious woman, who (for a fee) provides him with letters written by Christine to a mysterious lover named Max. This correspondence gives her such a strong motive to lie that the jury finds Leonard not guilty.
However, Sir Wilfred is troubled by the verdict. His instincts tell him that it was too tidy, too neat. And so it proves. By chance, he and Christine are left alone in the courtroom. She takes the opportunity to take credit for the whole thing. When she heard him say at the beginning that a wife's testimony would not be convincing, she decided to set it up so that hers would be for the prosecution and then be discredited. An ex-actress, she had played the part of the mystery woman so well that Sir Wilfred did not recognize her when he negotiated for the letters. She knew that Leonard was guilty; her testimony was the truth. Her letters are a fraud — Max never existed. When asked why she did it, she confesses that she loves Leonard.
Leonard appears and, now protected by double jeopardy, nonchalantly confirms what Christine had said. A young woman (Ruta Lee) then rushes into his arms. When he admits that they are going away together, Christine kills him with a knife in a fit of fury. Sir Wilfred remarks that Christine did not murder Leonard, but that she "executed him". Miss Plimsoll then cancels Sir Wilfred's holiday, realizing that he cannot resist taking charge of Christine's defense.
[edit] Cast
- Tyrone Power as Leonard Vole
- Marlene Dietrich as Christine Vole/Helm
- Charles Laughton as Sir Wilfred Robarts
- Elsa Lanchester as Miss Plimsoll
- John Williams as Brogan-Moore, a barrister working for Vole
- Henry Daniell as Mayhew, Vole's solicitor
- Ian Wolfe as Carter, Sir Wilfred's office manager
- Torin Thatcher as Myers, the Crown prosecutor
- Norma Varden as Mrs Emily Jane French
- Una O'Connor as Janet McKenzie, Mrs French's housekeeper and a prosecution witness
- Francis Compton as Judge
- Philip Tonge as Inspector Hearne
- Ruta Lee as Diana
This was Power's final completed film. He died during the filming of Solomon and Sheba
In real life, Lanchester was Charles Laughton's wife.
O'Connor was the only member of the original Broadway play's cast to reprise her role on film.
[edit] Production
In a flashback showing how Leonard and Christine first meet in a German nightclub, she is wearing her trademark trousers. A rowdy customer conveniently rips them down one side, revealing one of Dietrich's renowned legs, and starting a brawl. The scene required 145 extras, 38 stuntmen and $90,000.[1]
[edit] Disclaimer
At the end of the film, as the credits roll, a voice-over announces:
The management of this theatre suggests that for the greater entertainment of your friends who have not yet seen the picture, you will not divulge the secret of the ending of Witness for the Prosecution.
This was in keeping with the advertising campaign for the film: one of the posters for the film said: "You'll talk about it, but please don't tell the ending."[2] The effort to keep the ending a secret extended to the cast. Billy Wilder did not give the actors the final ten pages of the script until it was time to shoot those scenes. The secrecy may have cost Marlene Dietrich an Academy Award, as United Artists didn't want to call attention to the fact that Dietrich was practically unrecognizable as the cockney woman who hands over the incriminating letters to the defense.[3]
[edit] Legal inaccuracies
In the book Reel Justice, the authors noted that a lawyer of Sir Wilfred's experience should have been able to disallow Christine Vole's testimony for the prosecution on the grounds she was a "putative spouse" of Leonard Vole. A putative spouse is a person to whom someone (in this case, Leonard Vole) sincerely believes he or she is legally married. For the purposes of the trial under that situation, Christine would, in effect, still be considered Leonard's wife and spousal privilege would apply.
Additionally, it could be argued that Christine's testimony that Leonard had said "I have killed her" the night of the murder should have been objected to because it is inadmissible hearsay. However most jurisdictions recognize an exception to the hearsay rule for confessions.
Sir Wilfred would hardly defend Christine for murder when he himself is a witness to the crime.
The standard of proof required for a jury to convict an individual of murder is beyond reasonable doubt - a very high standard. Deftly discrediting so many witnesses as Sir Wilfred does goes a long way to inject that reasonable doubt. Additionally, since capital punishment existed at the time it was not uncommon for juries to be particularly careful in ensuring certainty before a guilty verdict. The effective strength of the prosecution case is a matter of some debate.
[edit] Other adaptations
The first adaptation of the Agatha Christie story was a BBC television production made in 1949, with a running time of 75 minutes.
Another early production of Witness for the Prosecution was in the form of a live telecast which aired on CBS's Lux Video Theatre on September 17, 1953, starring Edward G. Robinson, Andrea King and Tom Drake[4]
In 1982, Witness for the Prosecution was remade as a television movie, starring Ralph Richardson, Deborah Kerr, Beau Bridges, Donald Pleasence, Wendy Hiller, and Diana Rigg. It was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and John Gay from the original screenplay and directed by Alan Gibson.
The play was first performed in Nottingham on September 28, 1953, opened in London on October 28, 1953 and on Broadway on December 16, 1954.[5]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Witness for the Prosecution at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "Witness for the Prosecution" at Movie Poster Database
- ^ Osborne, Robert. Comments on TCM broadcast 29 October 2008
- ^ "Witness for the Prosecution" at the Official Andrea King Web Site
- ^ Witness for the Prosecution at the Internet Broadway Database
[edit] External links
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Witness for the Prosecution |
- Witness for the Prosecution at the Internet Movie Database
- Witness for the Prosecution at the Internet Broadway Database
- Witness for the Prosecution at the TCM Movie Database
- Witness for the Prosecution at Allmovie
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