Orsay virus: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Species of virus}} |
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{{Virusbox |
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| parent = Nodaviridae |
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| virus = Orsay virus |
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| ⚫ | '''Orsay virus''' is a [[positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus]] that infects ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]'' nematode. It resembles [[Nodaviridae|nodaviruses]] (family ''Nodaviridae''), but has yet to be formally classified.<ref>[https://www.genome.jp/virushostdb/977912 Orsay virus]. Virus-Host DB</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Orsay virus has a (+)ssRNA genome consisting of two segments, termed RNA1 and RNA2. The RNA1 segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of 982 amino acids.<ref name=guo2014>Guo, Y.R., et al., Crystal structure of a nematode-infecting virus. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'', 2014. 111(35): p. |
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| ⚫ | Orsay virus has a (+)ssRNA genome consisting of two segments, termed RNA1 and RNA2. The RNA1 segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of 982 amino acids.<ref name=guo2014>Guo, Y.R., et al., Crystal structure of a nematode-infecting virus. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'', 2014. 111(35): p. 12781–12786.</ref> The RNA2 segment has two open reading frames (ORFs) that code for a capsid protein and a non-structural protein with unknown function.<ref name=guo2014 /> The virus is composed of two structural domains, a shell (S) and a protrusion (P) domain. |
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| ⚫ | Orsay virus was discovered in 2011 in ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]'' nematodes in rotting fruit in [[Orsay]], France. Just before the time of the discovery, standardized methods were developed for the wild isolation of nematodes. Using these methods, ''[[Caenorhabditis briggsae]]'' and ''C. elegans'' nematodes were found that displayed abnormalities in the intestines, such as extensive convolutions of the apical intestinal border.<ref name=felix2011>Félix, M.-A., et al., [http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000586 Natural and experimental infection of ''Caenorhabditis'' nematodes by novel viruses related to nodaviruses]. ''PLoS Biol'', 2011. 9(1): p. e1000586.</ref> The lysate of infected nematodes was added to healthy nematodes, which led to infection. Since for the lysate a filter was used that only allows virus particles to penetrate, this suggested that a virus was the cause of the intestinal abnormalities. Electron microscopy showing viral particles confirmed the role of a virus.<ref name=felix2011 /> |
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| ⚫ | On infection of a susceptible nematode, the viral particles are mainly localized to intestinal cells.<ref>Franz, C.J., et al., Orsay, Santeuil and Le Blanc viruses primarily infect intestinal cells in ''Caenorhabditis'' nematodes. ''Virology'', 2014. 448: p. |
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| ⚫ | On infection of a susceptible nematode, the viral particles are mainly localized to intestinal cells.<ref>Franz, C.J., et al., Orsay, Santeuil and Le Blanc viruses primarily infect intestinal cells in ''Caenorhabditis'' nematodes. ''Virology'', 2014. 448: p. 255–264.</ref> The small structure of Orsay virus, its resemblance to the well-studied nodaviruses and its tropism to intestinal cells of ''C. elegans'', together with its lack of infectivity for humans, make Orsay virus a useful virus for studying host–virus interactions. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q28403657}} |
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[[Category:Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses]] |
[[Category:Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses]] |
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[[Category:Animal viral diseases]] |
[[Category:Animal viral diseases]] |
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[[Category:Caenorhabditis elegans]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:51, 24 August 2022
| Orsay virus | |
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Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Kitrinoviricota |
| Class: | Magsaviricetes |
| Order: | Nodamuvirales |
| Family: | Nodaviridae |
| Virus: | Orsay virus
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Orsay virus is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that infects Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. It resembles nodaviruses (family Nodaviridae), but has yet to be formally classified.[1]
Orsay virus has a (+)ssRNA genome consisting of two segments, termed RNA1 and RNA2. The RNA1 segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of 982 amino acids.[2] The RNA2 segment has two open reading frames (ORFs) that code for a capsid protein and a non-structural protein with unknown function.[2] The virus is composed of two structural domains, a shell (S) and a protrusion (P) domain.
Orsay virus was discovered in 2011 in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes in rotting fruit in Orsay, France. Just before the time of the discovery, standardized methods were developed for the wild isolation of nematodes. Using these methods, Caenorhabditis briggsae and C. elegans nematodes were found that displayed abnormalities in the intestines, such as extensive convolutions of the apical intestinal border.[3] The lysate of infected nematodes was added to healthy nematodes, which led to infection. Since for the lysate a filter was used that only allows virus particles to penetrate, this suggested that a virus was the cause of the intestinal abnormalities. Electron microscopy showing viral particles confirmed the role of a virus.[3]
On infection of a susceptible nematode, the viral particles are mainly localized to intestinal cells.[4] The small structure of Orsay virus, its resemblance to the well-studied nodaviruses and its tropism to intestinal cells of C. elegans, together with its lack of infectivity for humans, make Orsay virus a useful virus for studying host–virus interactions.
References
[edit]- ^ Orsay virus. Virus-Host DB
- ^ a b Guo, Y.R., et al., Crystal structure of a nematode-infecting virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014. 111(35): p. 12781–12786.
- ^ a b Félix, M.-A., et al., Natural and experimental infection of Caenorhabditis nematodes by novel viruses related to nodaviruses. PLoS Biol, 2011. 9(1): p. e1000586.
- ^ Franz, C.J., et al., Orsay, Santeuil and Le Blanc viruses primarily infect intestinal cells in Caenorhabditis nematodes. Virology, 2014. 448: p. 255–264.