View source for 2019 Jersey City shooting

{{short description|Mass shooting in Jersey City, New Jersey}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title      = 2019 Jersey City shooting
| image      = JCKosherMrkt.MLKDr.Greenville.JC.jpg
| caption    = Khal Adas Greenville and JC Kosher Supermarket (August 2019)
| location   = JC Kosher Supermarket<br />223 Martin Luther King Dr.<br />[[Jersey City]], New Jersey, U.S.
| address    =
| coordinates = {{coord|40.70715|-74.08367|type:event_region:US-NJ|display=inline,title}}
| victims    =
| date       = December 10, 2019
| time-begin = {{circa}} 12:20
| time-end   = 3:45 p.m.<ref name = NBCtimeline/>
| timezone   = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]; [[UTC−05:00]]
| type =  [[Shooting]], [[siege]], [[hate crime]], [[domestic terrorism]]
| fatalities = 7 (including both assailants and a victim killed on December 7th)
| injuries   = 3
| weapons    =
* [[AR-15 rifle]]
* [[O.F. Mossberg & Sons|Mossberg]] [[Shotgun|12-gauge shotgun]]
* 9mm [[Ruger]]
* 9mm [[Glock 17]]
* [[Ruger MK IV]] with [[Silencer (firearms)|homemade suppressor]] and [[Brass catcher|homemade brass catcher]] (unused in main attack, used in Bayonne shooting)
* [[Pipe bomb]] (unused)<ref>{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Sundstrom |title=Jersey City shooting: 5 guns recovered; hate of Jewish people, police fueled attack, officials say|url=https://www.pix11.com/news/local-news/new-jersey/jersey-city-shooting-5-guns-recovered-hate-of-jewish-people-police-fueled-attack-officials-say|work=[[PIX11]]|date=December 12, 2019|access-date=December 13, 2019}}</ref>
| charges    =
| motive     = [[antisemitism in the United States|Antisemitism]]<ref name="motive">{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/jersey-city-shooting-kosher-market-hate-crime-anti-semitism |title=Jersey City mayor: Kosher market attack was a hate crime, anti-Semitism must be called out |last=Kaplan |first=Talia |date=December 12, 2019 |website=Fox News |access-date=December 13, 2019}}</ref><br />[[Anti-police sentiment|Anti-law enforcement sentiment]]<ref>{{cite web |last = Panico |first = Rebecca |title = Jersey City shooters had 'tremendous amount of firepower.' Attack investigated as domestic terror, AG says |publisher = NJ Advance Media for NJ.com |date = December 12, 2019 |url = https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/jersey-city-shooters-had-tremendous-amount-of-firepower-attack-investigated-as-domestic-terror-ag-says.html |access-date = December 13, 2019 | quote= 'We believe the suspects held views that reflected hatred of Jewish people as well as law enforcement,' Attorney General Gurbir Grewal said at a press conference. 'The evidence points toward acts of hate. We're investigating this as a potential act of terrorism fueled by anti-Semitic and anti-law enforcement beliefs.'}}</ref><br />[[Domestic terrorism]]
| assailants = David Anderson and Francine Graham
|map={{Location map | USA New Jersey Hudson County#New York City#New Jersey#USA
| width = 215
| float = center
| alt =
| label = JC Kosher Supermarket
| mark =
| caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|40.70715|-74.08367|type:event_region:US-NJ}}
}}}}
On December 10, 2019, a shooting took place at a [[Kosher foods|kosher]] grocery store in the [[Greenville, Jersey City|Greenville section]] of [[Jersey City, New Jersey]]. Three people were killed at the store by two assailants, David N. Anderson and Francine Graham. The assailants also wounded one customer and two police officers before being killed by police during an ensuing shootout. A Jersey City Police Department detective had also been shot and killed by the assailants at a nearby cemetery just before the grocery store attack.<ref name="NYT12dec2019">{{cite news |last=Knoll |first=Corina |date=December 15, 2019 |title=How 2 Drifters Brought Anti-Semitic Terror to Jersey City |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/15/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting-terrorism.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=December 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082644/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/15/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting-terrorism.html |archive-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name=WSJ11dec2019>{{cite news |last1=De Avila |first1=Joseph |last2=Blint-Welsh |first2=Tyler |title=New Jersey Shooters Targeted Kosher Grocery Store, Jersey City Mayor Says |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=December 11, 2019 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-jersey-gunmen-targeted-kosher-grocery-store-jersey-city-mayor-says-11576071931 |access-date=December 11, 2019}}</ref><ref name=NJ.com15dec2019>{{cite news |work=[[NJ.com]] |last1=Sherman |first1=Ted |last2=Sullivan |first2=S.P. |title=Inside the Jersey City carnage. A day of hate, death and heroism |date=December 15, 2019 |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2019/12/the-day-that-hate-came-to-jersey-city.html |access-date=December 15, 2019}}</ref>

Anderson, who had connections to [[Far-right politics|far-right extremist]] groups, had a history of posting [[antisemitic]] and anti-law enforcement messages on social media; [[New Jersey Attorney General]] [[Gurbir Grewal]] stated that evidence indicated that the attacks were [[Hate crime|acts of hate]] and [[domestic terrorism]] which were fueled by antisemitism and [[anti-police sentiment]]. Authorities believe that a much larger attack had been planned, but it was thwarted by the police detective's intervention at the cemetery. The shooting was part of a [[List of antisemitic incidents in the United States|wave of violent attacks against Jews in the United States]].<ref name="Adely">{{Cite web |last1=Adely |first1=Hannan |last2=Barchenger |first2=Stacey |date=December 12, 2019 |title=Jersey City shooting follows a rise in hate crimes, frightening pattern of attacks on Jewish sites |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/12/12/jersey-city-shooting-follows-rise-hate-crimes-jewish-assaults/4408066002/ |archive-date= |access-date=February 15, 2022 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Kanishka |date=May 12, 2020 |title=Watchdog reports record number of anti-Semitic incidents in U.S. last year |language=en |work=Reuters |editor-last=Graff |editor-first=Peter |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-antisemitism-idUSKBN22O1LK |access-date=February 15, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Diaz |first=Johnny |date=May 12, 2020 |title=Anti-Semitic Incidents Surged in 2019, Report Says |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/12/us/antisemitic-report-incidents.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=February 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082744/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/12/us/antisemitic-report-incidents.html |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== Shootings ==
On December 10, 2019, a police detective, who was meeting a confidential informant,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[WPIX]] |location=New York City |date=December 13, 2019 |first=Mary |last=Murphy |title=Jersey City cop was meeting confidential informant before fatal shooting Tuesday: source |url=https://www.pix11.com/news/local-news/new-jersey/jersey-city-cop-was-meeting-confidential-informant-before-fatal-shooting-tuesday-source}}</ref> came across the assailants at the [[Bayview – New York Bay Cemetery|Bayview Cemetery]] in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]]<ref name="nbcny-10dec2019" /><ref name="cbsny-10dec2019">{{cite news |title=Jersey City Shootout: Police Officer Among 6 Dead; Suspects Found Dead In Kosher Grocery Store With 3 Civilians |url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/12/10/jersey-city-shooting-4|access-date=December 10, 2019 |work=[[CBS New York]] |date=December 10, 2019}}</ref> in what was described as a chance encounter.<ref name="NJ.com13jan20">{{cite web |last1=Atmonavage |first1=Joe |last2=Nelson |first2=Blake |date=January 13, 2020 |title=Jersey City shooters had massive bomb that could have killed people 500 yards away, feds say |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2020/01/jersey-city-kosher-market-shooters-planned-other-attack-on-jewish-center-feds-say.html |access-date=May 1, 2020 |website=[[NJ.com]] |publisher=}}</ref> It is believed that he approached the suspects, who were in a stolen [[U-Haul]] van that was linked to the murder three days before<ref name="NJ.com--Dec-13,-2019">{{cite web |last1=Napoliello |first1=Alex |last2=Atmonavage |first2=Joe |date=December 13, 2019 |title=A chance encounter with Jersey City shooters left a hardworking cab driver dead, friends say |url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/a-chance-encounter-with-jersey-city-shooters-left-a-hardworking-cap-driver-dead-friends-say.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213205508/https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/a-chance-encounter-with-jersey-city-shooters-left-a-hardworking-cap-driver-dead-friends-say.html |archive-date=December 13, 2019 |website=[[NJ.com]] |publisher= |quote=Nunez said the two passengers were David Anderson, 47, and Francine Graham, 50. Authorities have identified Anderson and Graham as suspects in Rumberger's death. Three days later, the pair killed a decorated Jersey City detective in a cemetery and then three others in a kosher supermarket Tuesday in Jersey City in what is being described as an act of domestic terror aimed at Jews and law enforcement, according to authorities.<br /><br />Authorities have not released details on what happened to Rumberger, and have not confirmed Nunez's account. Nunez said detectives have surveillance videos from each location.}}</ref> of 34-year-old Jersey City resident Michael Rumberger<ref name="NJ.com--Dec-13,-2019"/> in nearby [[Bayonne, New Jersey]].<ref name="nytdec11">{{Cite news |last1=Gold |first1=Michael |last2=Watkins |first2=Ali |date=December 11, 2019 |title=Suspect in Jersey City Linked to Black Hebrew Israelite Group |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting.html |url-access=limited |access-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106035732/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting.html |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The assailants shot and killed the officer.<ref name="nbcny-10dec2019">{{cite news |last1=Dienst |first1=Jonathan |last2=Thompson |first2=Brian |last3=Kuperstein |first3=Adam |last4=Villeda |first4=Ray |last5=Millman |first5=Jennifer |title=Officer, 5 Others Dead in 'Ambush' NJ Active Shooter Situation |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/active-shooter-situation-in-jersey-city-sources-say/2238983/ |access-date=December 10, 2019 |work=[[NBC New York]] |date=December 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/news/2019/12/jersey-city-shootings-motives-of-shooters-unknown-pipe-bomb-found-at-scene-officials-say.html|title=Jersey City shooters were suspects in murder of car service driver in Bayonne, AG says|first=Noah|last=Cohen|date=December 11, 2019|website=[[NJ.com]]}}</ref><ref name=nytdec11/> His body was discovered by a bystander and reported at 12:38&nbsp;p.m.<ref name = NBCtimeline>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/jersey-city-shooting-timeline-what-we-know-so-far/2239928/|title=Jersey City Shooting Timeline: What We Know So Far |website = NBC New York |date=December 11, 2019 |access-date=December 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hanna |first1=Jason |last2=Holcombe |first2=Madeline |date=December 12, 2019 |title=Jersey City shooters had hatred of Jews and law enforcement, state attorney general says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/12/us/jersey-city-new-jersey-shooting-thursday/index.html |access-date=January 1, 2020 |website=CNN |publisher=}}</ref>

The suspects immediately fled in the stolen van and drove about one mile to a [[kosher]] [[grocery store]], the JC Kosher Supermarket in the [[Greenville, Jersey City|Greenville section]] of Jersey City, and they opened fire immediately after they exited the vehicle; the assault was exclusively directed towards the store, and bystanders in the street were ignored as a result.<ref name="Gold-2019">{{Cite news |last=Gold |first=Michael |date=December 12, 2019 |title=Jersey City Shooting Was 'Domestic Terrorism,' Officials Say |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/12/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting-domestic-terrorism.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=February 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130024641/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/12/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting-domestic-terrorism.html |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/jersey-jewish-deli-shooting-lone-survivor-describes-harrowing/story?id=67698070 |title=New Jersey Jewish deli shooting's lone survivor describes harrowing escape |first1=Bill |last1=Hutchinson |first2=Adrienne |last2=Bankert |work=ABC News |date=December 12, 2019}}</ref><ref name="nbcny-10dec2019" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Live updates: 4 killed in Jersey City shooting|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/jersey-city-shooting-police-officer-shot-live-stream-updates-2019-12-10/|work=[[CBS News]]|access-date=December 10, 2019|date=December 10, 2019|first1=Audrey|last1=McNamara|first2=Victoria|last2=Albert}}</ref> The two shooters wielded an [[AR-15 style rifle|AR-15-style]] weapon and [[Mossberg 500|Mossberg 12-gauge shotgun]], respectively; a 9-millimeter [[Ruger SR-Series|semi-automatic Ruger]] and a 9-millimeter [[Glock|Glock 17]] were also found in the store.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sanchez |first=Ray |date=December 14, 2019 |title=Jersey City shooting shocks those who knew suspect Francine Graham |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/14/us/jersey-city-shooting-suspect-francine-graham/index.html |access-date=February 14, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="Panico-2019">{{Cite web |last=Panico |first=Rebecca |date=December 12, 2019 |title=Jersey City shooters had 'tremendous amount of firepower.' Attack investigated as domestic terror, AG says |url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/jersey-city-shooters-had-tremendous-amount-of-firepower-attack-investigated-as-domestic-terror-ag-says.html |access-date=February 14, 2022 |website=nj |language=en}}</ref> At approximately 12:21&nbsp;p.m., while wearing tactical gear, they entered the store and fatally shot the owner, an employee, and a customer.<ref name = NJ.com13jan20/><ref>{{cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Colin |date=December 11, 2019 |title=Jersey City Shooting Was 'A Targeted Attack On The Jewish Kosher Deli' |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/11/787029133/jersey-city-shooting-was-a-targeted-attack-on-the-jewish-kosher-deli |access-date=January 1, 2020 |website=NPR |publisher=}}</ref> Authorities believe that the three victims were killed "within minutes" of the shooters' attack on the market.<ref name="Gold-2019" /> The employee of the store was reported to have been killed holding the back door open so that others could escape.<ref name="Waller-2020" />

Two other customers were able to escape.<ref name="NYT12dec2019" /> In the ensuing shootout, the assailants exchanged gunfire with the police for more than three hours before they were shot and killed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldman |first=Jeff |date=December 12, 2019 |title='I do this because my creator makes me do this,' Jersey City shooter reportedly wrote in note found in van |url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/i-do-this-because-my-creator-makes-me-do-this-jersey-city-shooter-reportedly-wrote-in-note-found-in-van.html |access-date=February 14, 2022 |website=nj |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Shooting at Jersey City Kosher Grocery Store Leaves Six Dead |url=https://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/4578495/jewish/Shooting-at-Jersey-City-Kosher-Grocery-Store.htm |access-date=December 10, 2019 |website=chabad.org |publisher=Chabad |language=en}}</ref> A [[Lenco BearCat|BearCat]] [[armored personnel carrier]] rammed through the storefront, ending the siege.<ref name="NJ.com15dec2019" />  Hundreds of shell casings were ultimately found at the scene.<ref name="Panico-2019" /><ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{Cite web |last1=Katersky |first1=Aaron |last2=Margolin |first2=Josh |last3=Hutchinson |first3=Bill |date=December 13, 2019 |title=Jersey City Jewish deli killing to be investigated as domestic terrorism: Officials |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/hate-hates-suspects-religious-literature-eyed-motive-jersey/story?id=67683625 |access-date=February 14, 2022 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref>

The van was later found to contain a live [[pipe bomb]] that had the capacity to kill or injure people up to 500 yards away;<ref name="NJ.com13jan20" /><ref name="nytdec11" /> the van had also been lined with homemade ballistic panels made of material from bulletproof vests.<ref name="NYT12dec2019" /> The suspects were also found to have material that could be used to make a second bomb.<ref name="Shanahan-2020">{{Cite news |last=Shanahan |first=Ed |date=January 13, 2020 |title=Jersey City Attackers' Bomb Had Range of Up to 5 Football Fields |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting-bomb.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=February 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213083245/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting-bomb.html |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Morales |first=Mark |date=January 14, 2020 |title=Jersey City shooters had a bomb in their truck with the reach of five football fields, FBI says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/13/us/jersey-city-shooters-bomb-in-truck-five-football-fields/index.html |access-date=February 19, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref> Investigators also found a [[Ruger Standard|.22-caliber Ruger Mark IV]] handgun equipped with a homemade [[Silencer (firearms)|silencer]] and a homemade device to catch [[Cartridge (firearms)|shell casings]].<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/>

Multiple law enforcement agencies responded to the scene: the Jersey City Police Department, the Jersey City Fire Department Rescue Task Force, the Hudson County Sheriff's Office, the [[New Jersey State Police]], the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department]], the [[New York City Police Department]] and departments from other neighboring municipalities, and sheriffs from three counties.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Jacobo |first1 = Julia |last2 = Katersky |first2 = Aaron |title = Officer, 3 people dead after massive gun battle breaks out in New Jersey |work = ABC News |date = December 11, 2019 |url = https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-officer-shot-suspects-jersey-city-bodega-police/story?id=67624378 |access-date = December 13, 2014 | quote = All law enforcement units "within earshot" responded to the scene, including the FBI; Port Authority; the Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) bureau; and all surrounding municipalities}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last = Helfand |first = Zach |title = Untangling the Hate at the Heart of the Mass Shooting in Jersey City |magazine = The New Yorker |date = December 11, 2019 |url = https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/untangling-the-hate-at-the-heart-of-the-mass-shooting-in-jersey-city |access-date = December 15, 2019}}</ref>

== Victims ==
The assailants killed 40-year-old Detective Joseph Seals, who had been a police officer since 2006; 33-year-old female store owner Mindy Ferencz, a mother of three; 49-year-old employee Douglas Miguel Rodriguez, who was originally from Ecuador; and 24-year-old male rabbinical student Moshe Deutsch, who was a customer of the store.<ref name="NYT12dec2019" /><ref name="WSJ11dec2019" /><ref>{{cite news |last = Otterman |first = Sharon |title = 'I've Cried My Eyes Out': Victims of N.J. Shooting Are Mourned |work = The New York Times |date = December 11, 2019 |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/nyregion/jersey-city-victims.html|access-date = December 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last = Jennings |first = Rob |title = A mother, a volunteer, a worker. Jersey City shooting victims remembered for selflessness |publisher = NJ Advance Media for NJ.com |date = December 11, 2019 |url = https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/victims-of-jersey-city-store-shooting-remembered-for-selflessness.html |access-date = December 13, 2019}}</ref>

Two officers, one male and one female, were wounded in the shootout and were released from the hospital the same day.<ref name="NYT12.10.19">{{cite news |last1=Gold |first1=Michael |last2=Corasaniti |first2=Nick |last3=Rashbaum |first3=William K. |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Jersey City Shooting Live Updates: 6 People Killed, Including Officer |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/10/nyregion/jersey-city-shooter.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213083417/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/10/nyregion/jersey-city-shooter.html |archive-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref> A wounded man escaped out the back door of the store. He was treated at [[Jersey City Medical Center]], and released the same day.<ref name="WSJ11dec2019" />

== Assailants ==
{{other people|David Anderson}}

On December 11, the shooters, both of whom were killed by police during the siege, were identified as '''David&nbsp;Nathaniel Anderson''' (age 47) and his girlfriend '''Francine Graham''' (age 50).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/12/us/jersey-city-new-jersey-shooting-thursday/ |title=Jersey City shooters fueled by hatred of Jewish people and law enforcement, state attorney general says |first1=Jason |last1=Hanna |first2=Madeline |last2=Holcombe |work=CNN |date=December 12, 2019 |access-date=May 5, 2020}}</ref>

Anderson and Graham were suspects in the murder of [[Uber]] driver Michael Rumberger in [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]] the weekend prior to the attack, on December 7th.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jersey City shooting suspects also killed man in Bayonne, official says |url=https://www.fox5ny.com/news/jersey-city-shooting-suspects-also-killed-man-in-bayonne-official-says |access-date=December 12, 2019 |work=[[WNYW]] |date=December 11, 2019}}</ref><ref name=njdec11>{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/news/2019/12/jersey-city-mayor-says-attack-at-kosher-store-was-a-hate-crime-against-jewish-community.html|title=Jersey City mayor says attack at kosher store was a hate crime against Jewish community|first1=Noah|last1=Cohen|first2=S.P.|last2=Sullivan|date=December 11, 2019|website=NJ.com}}</ref> Rumberger's blood was found on a Bible that belonged to the assailants, and his [[DNA]] was on their clothes and one weapon.<ref name="Shanahan-2020" /> Anderson and Graham had Googled the meaning of the surname "Rumberger".<ref name = NJ.com13jan20/> According to Michael Rumberger's family, he was not Jewish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Dan AlexanderDan |date=2019-12-13 |title=Days before kosher market attack, shooters killed driver in struggle |url=https://nj1015.com/days-before-kosher-market-attack-shooters-killed-driver-in-struggle/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=New Jersey 101.5 |language=en}}</ref>

Anderson and Graham were also suspects in an incident a week before the Jersey City shooting, when on December 3 two shots were fired at a vehicle which was being driven by a person who was clearly identifiable as being Jewish, on [[U.S. Route 1/9]] near [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] and [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]]. The vehicle's rear window was shot out. Graham's phone was in the area at the time of the shooting, and it was later determined the [[ballistics]] matched a gun linked to the two assailants.<ref name = NJ.com13jan20/><ref name="Shanahan-2020" />

Anderson and Graham bought a number of weapons, and trained to use them in Ohio; video footage showed the pair undertaking target practice with long guns in [[Austintown, Ohio]], on December 1, 2019.<ref name="Shanahan-2020" /> Before they engaged in the attack, they researched another possible attack on a Jewish community center in Bayonne.<ref name="NJ.com13jan20" /><ref name="Shanahan-2020" /> Video footage showed Anderson and Graham appearing to scout the JC Kosher Supermarket several times in the week leading up to the attack, including a drive-by an hour and a half before the shooting;<ref name="Shanahan-2020" /> authorities ultimately concluded the attack had been planned for months, and that during their reconnaissance, the attackers had entered the JC Supermarket on at least one occasion.<ref name="Waller-2020" />

A Jewish day-school with 50 students was in the same building, leading [[Mayor of Jersey City]] [[Steven Fulop]] to believe that the building had been chosen partly for this reason.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Zurita |first1=Anthony |last2=McDonald |first2=Terrence T. |date=December 13, 2019 |title=Jersey City mayor: 'Easy to conclude' suspects were going to attack yeshiva school near deli |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/12/13/jersey-city-shooting-mayor-suggests-suspects-targeted-yeshiva-school/2637218001/ |access-date=February 19, 2022 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mindock |first=Clark |date=December 13, 2019 |title=Jersey City shooting likely targeted school children, says mayor |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jersey-city-shooting-targeted-school-mayor-says-a9246541.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214041814/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jersey-city-shooting-targeted-school-mayor-says-a9246541.html |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |access-date=February 19, 2022 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Original Target of Jersey City Shooting May Have Been Yeshiva Full of Children, Mayor Says|language=en|work=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/original-target-of-jersey-city-shooting-may-have-been-yeshiva-mayor-says-1.8265123|access-date=February 19, 2022}}</ref> In January 2020, officials announced that evidence showed that Anderson and Graham had planned much larger attacks against both the Jewish community and law enforcement which could have resulted in dozens of casualties or more, but that the intervention by Detective Seals had disrupted these.<ref name="Shanahan-2020" /><ref name="Waller-2020" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Brian |date=January 13, 2020 |title=Bomb in Van of NJ Shooting Attack Suspects Could've Killed People 5 Football Fields Away: Officials |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/bomb-in-van-of-nj-shooting-attack-suspects-couldve-killed-people-5-football-fields-away-officials/2259079/ |access-date=February 19, 2022 |website=NBC New York |language=en-US}}</ref>

Anderson had made hundreds of posts on social media that were [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]], [[Anti-police sentiment|anti-police]], or both.<ref name="nytdec11" /><ref name="Pink-2019">{{Cite web |last=Pink |first=Aiden |date=December 18, 2019 |title=Jersey City Shooter Believed Khazar Anti-Semitic Conspiracy Theory |url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/436804/jersey-city-shooter-anti-semitic-facebook/ |access-date=February 14, 2022 |website=The Forward |language=en-US}}</ref> Anderson identified as a [[Black Hebrew Israelites|Black Hebrew Israelite]], a movement which has no connection to mainstream Judaism and parts of which are listed as hate groups by the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], and social media posts by Anderson, sometimes under the alias "Dawad Maccabee," invoked tenets of Black Israelite philosophy;<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dienst |first1=Jonathan |last2=Thompson |first2=Brian |date=December 11, 2019 |title=Jersey City Shooters Identified, Were Prime Suspects in Other Homicide |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/jersey-city-shootout-developing-details-3-2/2239660/ |access-date=February 14, 2022 |website=NBC New York |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Pink-2019" /><ref name="NYT12dec2019" /><ref name="Adely"/> these included affirmations of the [[Khazar Myth]], references to Jews as Nazis, the claim that  Jews were "imposters who inhabited synagogues of Satan," and assertions that the police were under the control of Jews.<ref name="Pink-2019"/><ref name="NYT12dec2019" /><ref name="Waller-2020">{{Cite web|last=Waller|first=Derick|date=January 14, 2020|title=Jersey City shooting was planned for months, based on hate, investigators say|url=https://abc7ny.com/new-jersey-city-supermarket-attack/5844233/|access-date=February 19, 2022|website=ABC7 New York|language=en}}</ref> A former neighbor recalled Anderson spending considerable time listening to what the neighbor believed were sermons by [[Louis Farrakhan]], but other posts by Anderson accused Farrakhan of being a "rat" and a "con" for posing in photos with the members of the [[Naturei Karta]], an extremist Orthodox Jewish sect.<ref name="nytdec11" /><ref name="Pink-2019"/>

A handwritten note inside the van said: "I do this because my creator makes me do this and I hate who he hates."<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldman |first=Jeff |date=December 12, 2019 |title='I do this because my creator makes me do this,' Jersey City shooter reportedly wrote in note found in van |url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/i-do-this-because-my-creator-makes-me-do-this-jersey-city-shooter-reportedly-wrote-in-note-found-in-van.html |access-date=December 13, 2019 |publisher=NJ.com}}</ref><ref name="abcnews.go.com"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Celona |first=Larry |date=December 12, 2019 |title=Jersey City shooter left behind a handwritten note: 'My creator makes me do this' |url=https://nypost.com/2019/12/11/jersey-city-shooting-suspect-left-behind-a-handwritten-note-my-creator-makes-me-do-this/ |website=New York Post}}</ref> Footage from inside the kosher supermarket records Anderson saying: "They stole our heritage, they stole our birthright, and they hired these guys to stop us."<ref name="NJ.com13jan20" /> The note also contained a reference to a documentary movie with a reference to a time-stamp where an interviewee advocates "killing fascist cop pigs."<ref name="Shanahan-2020" /><ref name="Waller-2020" />

Mayor Fulop was among the first public officials to call the attack a [[hate crime]];<ref name="njdec11" /><ref name="motive" /> [[Mayor of New York]] [[Bill de Blasio]] also called the attack a "premeditated violent antisemitic hate crime" and an "act of terror".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Police-officer-shot-in-New-Jersey-in-active-shooting-situation-report-610518|title=Jersey City shooting 'premeditated antisemitic hate crime' – NYC mayor|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|first=Tzvi|last=Joffre|date=December 11, 2019|access-date=December 11, 2019}}</ref> [[New Jersey Attorney General]] [[Gurbir Grewal]] stated that evidence indicated acts of hate and domestic terrorism fueled both by "hatred of the Jewish people and hatred of law enforcement."<ref name="aljazeeradec132019">{{cite web |date=December 13, 2019 |title=Investigators probe Jersey City attack as 'domestic terrorism' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/investigators-probe-jersey-city-attack-domestic-terrorism-191212181729042.html |access-date=December 14, 2019 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=}}</ref><ref name="Gold-2019"/>

== Aftermath ==
{{antisemitism}}
The [[Jersey City Medical Center]], twelve [[Jersey City Public Schools]] in the vicinity, as well as that of [[Sacred Heart Church (Jersey City)|Sacred Heart Church]], located across the street, were on lockdown during the incident.<ref>{{cite web |last=Heyboer |first=Kelly |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Thousands of kids on lockdown in schools as gunman opens fire in Jersey City |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2019/12/jersey-city-schools-on-lockdown-as-gunman-opens-fire-all-students-safe-school-officials-say.html |access-date=December 11, 2019 |website=NJ.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Heyboer |first=Kelly |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Jersey City schools lift lockdown, let thousands of kids go home after fatal shooting |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2019/12/jersey-city-schools-lift-lockdown-let-thousands-of-kids-go-home-after-fatal-shooting.html |access-date=December 11, 2019 |website=NJ.com}}</ref> That school was taken over by law-enforcement agencies and used during the incident.<ref>{{cite web |title = Police body cam videos show fierce gun battle after fatal shooting at Jersey City kosher market |date = February 21, 2020 |via=[[NJ.com]] |agency=Associated Press |url = https://www.nj.com/hudson/2020/02/police-body-cam-videos-show-fierce-gun-battle-after-fatal-shooting-at-jersey-city-kosher-market.html |access-date = May 1, 2020}}</ref> Between 50–60 children were held in the [[yeshiva]] of Khal Adas Greenville next to the market.<ref name="NYT12.10.19"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schneider |first1=Jeremy |last2=Torrejon |first2=Rodrigo |date=December 13, 2019 |title='It's a miracle' children inside Jewish school next door to deadly Jersey City shooting were unharmed, rabbi says |url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/its-a-miracle-dozens-of-children-were-inside-jewish-school-next-door-to-deadly-jersey-city-shooting-scene-rabbi-says.html |access-date=December 13, 2019 |website=NJ.com}}</ref> Nearby public transit service on [[NJ Transit Bus Operations|NJ Transit buses]] and the [[Hudson Bergen Light Rail]] was suspended. The [[New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension]] was temporarily closed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Higgs |first=Larry |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Jersey City shooting: NJ Transit resumes service, Turnpike exit shut down |url=https://www.nj.com/traffic/2019/12/jersey-city-shooting-nj-transit-suspends-service-turnpike-exit-shut-down.html |access-date=December 11, 2019 |publisher=NJ.com}}</ref><ref name="cbsny-10dec2019" />

[[President of the United States|President]] [[Donald Trump]] was briefed about the incident at the White House. He gave his condolences to the victims and their families via a tweet.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pix11.com/news/local-news/new-jersey/officer-injured-during-standoff-with-police-in-jersey-city-source|title=Six dead, including a police officer, in Jersey City shooting: officials|date=December 10, 2019|website=WPIX|language=en|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref> [[Governor of New Jersey]] [[Phil Murphy]] expressed his condolences, his [[thoughts and prayers]] for police, residents, and school children, and praise for the slain detective in a series of tweets.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/12/10/jersey-city-active-shooter-reported/4386404002/|title=6 people killed, including a police officer and 3 bystanders, in Jersey City shooting|first1=Keldy|last1=Ortiz|first2=Grace|last2=Hauck|first3=Anthony|last3=Zurita|work=[[USA Today]]|date=December 10, 2019|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url= https://twitter.com/GovMurphy/status/1204481979141513218 |title= I have been briefed on the unfolding situation in Jersey City. Our thoughts and prayers are with the men and women of the Jersey City Police Department... |date=December 10, 2019|website=[[Twitter]]|language=en|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref> [[Robert Menendez]], [[Seniority in the United States Senate|senior]] [[United States Senate|United States senator]] from [[New Jersey]],  [[Cory Booker]], [[Seniority in the United States Senate|junior]] [[United States Senate|United States senator]] from [[New Jersey]], and Mayor Fulop also expressed their condolences.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} On Twitter, Rep. [[Rashida Tlaib]] (D-Mich.) wrongly accused "white supremacists" of being responsible for the assault, deleting her tweet soon after.<ref>{{cite news|last=Diskin|first=Brielle|date=December 12, 2019|url=https://news.yahoo.com/rashida-tlaib-deletes-tweet-falsely-204300949.html|title=Rashida Tlaib deletes tweet falsely blaming Jersey City shooting on 'white supremacy'|publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]|access-date=September 13, 2023}}</ref>

Mayor Fulop said a trustee of the [[Jersey City Board of Education]], Joan Terrell-Paige, should resign due to a Facebook message she posted after the shooting, in which she said black residents were "threatened, intimidated and harassed" by "brutes of the jewish community" (sic).<ref name = JJ18dec2019>{{cite web |last = Zietliger |first = Ron |title = Mayor calls on Jersey City school board member to resign over comments about Jewish community |work = The Jersey Journal |date = December 18, 2019 |url = https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/mayor-calls-on-jersey-city-school-board-member-to-resign-over-comments-about-jewish-community.html |access-date = December 20, 2019}}</ref><ref name="NYT17dec2019">{{cite news |last=Shanahan |first=Ed |date=December 17, 2019 |title=After Anti-Semitic Killings, Jersey City School Official Called Jews 'Brutes' |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/17/nyregion/joan-terrell-paige-jersey-city.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118021552/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/17/nyregion/joan-terrell-paige-jersey-city.html |archive-date=January 18, 2023}}</ref> She made reference to accusations of rabbis selling body parts.<ref name=Dolsten>{{cite news |first=Josefin |last=Dolsten |title=Mayor calls on Jersey City official to resign over Jewish comments |url=https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Antisemitism/Mayor-calls-on-Jersey-City-official-to-resign-over-Jewish-comm-comments-611249 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |work=Jerusalem Post |agency=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=December 18, 2019 |quote=In the post, Terrell said 'Six rabbis were accused of selling body parts'}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Alexander |title=After kosher store massacre, Jersey City school official calls Jews 'brutes' |url=https://nj1015.com/after-kosher-store-massacre-jersey-city-school-official-calls-jews-brutes/ |access-date=December 21, 2019 |work=[[WKXW]] |date=December 18, 2019 |quote=Terrell-Paige also wrote, without elaborating, that 'we learned 6 rabbis were accused of selling body parts.'}}</ref>  Terrell-Paige, who is [[African American]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-jersey/story/2019/12/17/jersey-city-school-board-member-calls-jews-brutes-in-wake-of-anti-semitic-attack-1233098 |title=Jersey City school board member calls Jews 'brutes' in wake of anti-Semitic attack |first=Matt |last=Friedman |date=December 17, 2019 |work=Politico}}</ref> further asked whether the public is "brave enough" to listen to the perpetrators' message.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/436743/jersey-city-shooting-anti-semitic-official/ |title=Jersey City Official: People Should Listen To Shooters' Message |date=December 17, 2019 |first=Aiden |last=Pink |work=The Forward}}</ref><ref name=Dolsten/> Governor Murphy concurred in asking Terrell-Paige to resign; she said she is unrepentant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Iati |first=Marisa |date=December 18, 2019 |title=Jersey City shooting: Gov. Phil Murphy asks school board member to resign |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/12/18/governor-implores-school-board-member-who-called-jews-brutes-after-jersey-city-shooting-resign/?outputType=amp |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084013/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/12/18/governor-implores-school-board-member-who-called-jews-brutes-after-jersey-city-shooting-resign/?outputType=amp |archive-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref> The [[Anti-Defamation League]] asked Terrell-Paige to resign citing her "lack of remorse".<ref>{{cite web |last=Hubbard |first=Daniel |date=December 20, 2019 |title=Anti-Defamation League Wants Jersey City School Trustee To Resign |url=https://patch.com/new-jersey/jersey-city/anti-defamation-league-wants-jersey-city-school-trustee-resign |access-date=January 1, 2020 |publisher=Patch |location=}}</ref>

Fulop said that analysis of the assailants' computers showed that they likely intended to do more harm, that the yeshiva was the probable target of the attack, and that they "moved more quickly" with their plans because of their encounter with Detective Seals.<ref>{{cite web  |last = Zeitlinger |first = Ron |title = Jersey City mayor: Computer searches by killers show they 'wanted to do some serious damage'|work = The Jersey Journal |date = December 19, 2019 |url = https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/jersey-city-mayor-computer-searches-by-killers-show-they-wanted-to-do-some-serious-damage.html |access-date = December 20, 2019}}</ref>

In January 2020 Jared Maples, director of the [[New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness]], said it was investigating possible funding sources for the attack, but with many [[Lone wolf (terrorism)|lone wolf]] attacks they "do not need large amounts of funding to conduct their operations, making it difficult to detect and prevent attacks. The most common tactics in domestic extremist attacks include easily obtainable weapons, such as knives, small arms, and vehicles."<ref name="NJ.com16jan20">{{cite web |last=Salant |first=Jonathan D. |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Who funded Jersey City mass shooters? N.J. security leaders want to know. |url=https://www.nj.com/politics/2020/01/who-funded-jersey-city-mass-shooters-nj-security-leaders-want-to-know.html |access-date=May 1, 2020 |website=NJ.com}}</ref>

The market was re-opened by its owner at a nearby location in March 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last = West |first = Teri |title = Jersey City kosher market reopens at new location three months after horrific shooting |work = The Jersey Journal |date = March 13, 2020 |url = https://www.nj.com/hudson/2020/03/jersey-city-kosher-market-reopens-at-new-location-three-months-after-horrific-shooting.html |access-date = May 1, 2020}}</ref>

On October 7, 2020, a pawn shop dealer in [[Keyport, New Jersey]] whose phone number was found in Anderson's pocket pleaded guilty to the charge of being a felon in possession of a weapon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Katersky |first=Aaron |date=October 8, 2020 |title=Pawnshop owner pleads guilty to weapons charge in connection with 2019 Jersey City shootings |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/pawnshop-owner-pleads-guilty-weapons-charge-connection-2019/story?id=73480146 |access-date=February 14, 2022 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2020, a grand jury determined that the actions of 12 Jersey City officers and one Newark police detective who shot Anderson and Graham were justified and that no charges were warranted against them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quinn |first=Liam |date=November 17, 2021 |title=Grand jury declines to charge officers involved in shootout with Jersey City assailants |url=https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/hudson/2021/11/17/jersey-city-shooting-2019-results-no-charges-officers/8653010002/ |website=North Jersey Media Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DiFilippo |first=Dana |date=November 18, 2021 |title=Grand jury clears cops in shooting that ended deadly anti-Semitic attack in Jersey City |url=https://newjerseymonitor.com/briefs/grand-jury-clears-cops-in-shooting-that-ended-deadly-anti-semitic-attack-in-jersey-city/ |website=New Jersey Monitor}}</ref>

In 2022, a memorial bench to honor detective Joseph A. Seals was created at [[16th Street Park]] in Bayonne.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Israel |first=Daniel |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Memorial celebration to honor the late Detective Joseph A. Seals |newspaper=Hudson Reporter |url=https://hudsonreporter.com/2022/08/30/memorial-celebration-to-honor-the-late-detective-joseph-a-seals/ |access-date=September 1, 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Antisemitism in the United States in the 21st-century]]
* [[Domestic terrorism in the United States]]
* [[Monsey Hanukkah stabbing]] (2019)
* [[Poway synagogue shooting]] (2019)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news |first=Corina |last=Knoll |title = How 2 Drifters Brought Anti-Semitic Terror to Jersey City |work = The New York Times|date = December 15, 2019 |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/15/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting-terrorism.html}}
* {{cite news |last1=Berger |first1=Joseph |title=Uneasy Welcome as Ultra-Orthodox Jews Extend Beyond New York |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/nyregion/ultra-orthodox-jews-hasidim-new-jersey.html |work=The New York Times |date=August 2, 2017}}
* {{cite web  |last = West |first = Teri |title = Neighbors, but not yet totally friends: Black and Hasidic residents share Jersey City's south side |work = The Jersey Journal |date = December 12, 2019 |url = https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/12/neighbors-but-not-yet-totally-friends-black-and-hasidic-residents-share-jersey-citys-south-side.html}}

{{Massacres of Jews}}
{{Mass shootings in the United States in the 2010s}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jersey City shooting, 2019}}
[[Category:2019 crimes in New Jersey]]
[[Category:2019 in Judaism]]
[[Category:2019 mass shootings in the United States]]
[[Category:2019 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:Mass murder in the United States in the 2010s]]
[[Category:Anti-police violence in the United States]]
[[Category:Antisemitic attacks and incidents in the United States]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Attacks on shops in the United States]]
[[Category:Black Hebrew Israelites]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in New Jersey]]
[[Category:December 2019 crimes in the United States]]
[[Category:History of Jersey City, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 2019]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Mass shootings involving AR-15–style rifles]]
[[Category:Mass shootings involving Glock pistols]]
[[Category:Murder in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Orthodox Judaism in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in the United States in 2019]]
[[Category:Attacks on supermarkets in the United States]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2019]]
[[Category:Mass shootings involving shotguns]]