View source for 2023 Singaporean presidential election

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Singapore English|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Singapore
| type = presidential
| previous_election = 2017 Singaporean presidential election
| previous_year = 2017
| image_size = 130x130px
| election_date = 1 September 2023
| registered = 2,709,455 ({{increase}} 7.66%){{efn|name=E11|Compared to 2011.}}
| turnout = 93.41% ({{decrease}} 1.39pp){{efn|name=E11}}
| next_election = 2029 Singaporean presidential election
| next_year = 2029
| image1 = Tharman Shanmugaratnam Official photo 2023.tif
| nominee1 = '''[[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]]'''
| popular_vote1 = '''1,749,261'''
| percentage1 = '''70.41%'''
| party1 = Independent
| image2 = Portrait shot of Ng Kok Song taken during his Ang Mo Kio walkabout on 20230826.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Ng Kok Song]]
| popular_vote2 = 390,636
| percentage2 = 15.72%
| party2 = Independent
| image3 = Tan Kin Lian in a suit and tie.jpg
| nominee3 = [[Tan Kin Lian]]
| popular_vote3 = 344,584
| percentage3 = 13.87%
| party3 = Independent
| title = President
| before_election = [[Halimah Yacob]]
| before_party = Independent politician
| after_election = [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]]
| after_party = Independent politician
}}

Presidential elections were held in Singapore on 1 September 2023, the sixth public presidential elections but only the third to be contested by more than one candidate. Incumbent president [[Halimah Yacob]], who had been [[Uncontested election|elected unopposed]] in [[2017 Singaporean presidential election|2017]], did not seek re-election.

Three candidates ran for the [[Non-partisan democracy|non-partisan]] position: [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]], [[Ng Kok Song]], and [[Tan Kin Lian]], who were all [[Independent politician|independents]] or had resigned from any political parties that they had previously been members of. They were all issued the [[Certificate of Eligibility]] (COE), and a community certificate, to be able to contest in the elections, per the eligibility requirements.

Tharman won a majority of the votes, at 70.41% of the votes and winning by a record margin. He also became the first non-Chinese candidate to be directly elected to the presidency.<ref name="TW-PE2023">{{cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Tessa |title=Tharman Shanmugaratnam: Singapore picks a president who could've been much more |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66643667 |access-date=6 September 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=2 September 2023}}</ref> Ng received 15.72% of the vote and two-time presidential candidate Tan received 13.87%, the latter having improved his performance over [[2011 Singaporean presidential election|2011]] when he had done so poorly as to lose his [[election deposit]]. Tharman was inaugurated on 14 September as the ninth [[president of Singapore]].<ref name="electiondayannoucement">{{Cite news |last=Goh |first=Yan Han |date=11 August 2023 |title=Singapore Presidential Election 2023: Polling Day on Sept 1, Nomination Day on Aug 22 |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singapore-presidential-election-2023-polling-day-on-sept-1-nomination-day-on-aug-22 |access-date=11 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830135103/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singapore-presidential-election-2023-polling-day-on-sept-1-nomination-day-on-aug-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Background==
{{Politics of Singapore}}
{{See also|President of Singapore}}

The president of Singapore is the [[head of state]] of Singapore, is paid an annual salary of S$1.54 million, or US$1.1 million, and is subject to periodic White Paper reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heong |first=Sim Kang |date=9 June 2023 |title=Here's How Much Singapore's President And Cabinet Ministers Are Paid In Salary |url=https://dollarsandsense.sg/heres-much-singapores-president-cabinet-ministers-paid-salary/ |access-date=11 August 2023 |website=DollarsAndSense.sg |language=en-US |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830135134/https://dollarsandsense.sg/heres-much-singapores-president-cabinet-ministers-paid-salary/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The previous president was [[Halimah Yacob]], who took office on 14 September 2017. She was the first female president in the country's history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore's first female president chosen without vote |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/9/13/halimah-yacob-named-singapores-first-female-president |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>

===Eligibility===
Candidates must satisfy either the public sector or private sector requirement. Under the public sector requirement, the candidate automatically qualifies if having held either a designated public office or the chief executive position of a key statutory board or government company. Under the private sector requirement, the candidate automatically qualifies if that person has been the chief executive of a company with S$500&nbsp;million [[equity (finance)#shareholders' equity|shareholders' equity]] and net profitability.<ref>Rules relating to how a company's shareholders' equity is to be determined are set out in the {{Singapore legislation|title=Presidential Elections (Certificate of Eligibility) Regulations|sltype=S|no=263|year=2017|url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/PrEA1991-S263-2017}}, regs.&nbsp;21–24.</ref> Notwithstanding the aforementioned automatic tracks, candidates could also be qualified on a deliberative track where their abilities and experiences have been assessed by the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC) to be equivalent to either the public- or private-sector automatic track requirements.<ref>{{citation|title=Report of the Constitutional Commission 2016 [Chairman: Chief Justice Sundaresh Menon]|url=https://www.gov.sg/~/media/elected%20presidency/files/report%20of%20the%20constitutional%20commission%202016.pdf#page=50|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729025724/https://www.gov.sg/~/media/elected%20presidency/files/report%20of%20the%20constitutional%20commission%202016.pdf#page=50|archive-date=29 July 2017|location=Singapore|publisher=The Commission|date=16 August 2016|page=40, para. 4.3|oclc=958453495}}.</ref>

The presidency is required by the [[Constitution of Singapore|Constitution]] to be [[Independent politician|non-partisan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=d66f6a16-4d10-4700-94db-5e7d88aea502;page=0;query=DocId%3A%22cf2412ff-fca5-4a64-a8ef-b95b8987728e%22%20Status%3Ainforce%20Depth%3A0;rec=0#pr19-he-.|title=Constitution, Art. 19(2)(f).|quote=Art. 19(2)(f). A person shall be qualified to be elected as President if he is not a member of any political party on the date of his nomination for election;|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=3 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903051858/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=d66f6a16-4d10-4700-94db-5e7d88aea502;page=0;query=DocId%3A%22cf2412ff-fca5-4a64-a8ef-b95b8987728e%22%20Status%3Ainforce%20Depth%3A0;rec=0#pr19-he-.|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, many former presidents, as well as former candidates, had ties with the long-ruling [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) prior to their candidacies. Tharman had served as an MP for the PAP. He was a cabinet minister from 2015 to 2023, and was once seen as a potential candidate for prime minister.<ref name="HFK-PE2023">{{cite web |last1=Han |first1=Fook Kwang |title=Commentary: Why the 2023 Presidential Election results are politically significant |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/singapore-tharman-presidential-election-political-significance-3748486 |website=[[CNA (TV network)|CNA]] |access-date=6 September 2023 |location=Singapore |date=6 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="TW-PE2023"/> Tharman was also described by the [[Reuters]] news agency as the candidate closest to the country's establishment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lin |first1=Chen |title=Candidate close to establishment wins Singapore presidential race |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/former-ruling-party-member-wins-singapore-presidential-race-elections-department-2023-09-01/ |access-date=6 September 2023 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=1 September 2023}}</ref>

Ng had previous work experience with Singapore's [[sovereign wealth fund]], the [[GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund)|GIC]], as well as the country's [[Monetary Authority of Singapore|monetary authority]]. Tan had previous ties with the arm of the [[National Trades Union Congress]] that is now known as [[Income Insurance]]. Tan's candidacy also had the support of a number of opposition figures, including [[Singapore Democratic Party|SDP]]'s [[Tan Jee Say]] and [[Lim Tean]] with the [[Peoples Voice (Singapore)|Peoples Voice]] party as proposers, a mid-race endorsement from former presidential candidate and current [[Progress Singapore Party|PSP]] chairman [[Tan Cheng Bock]] (albeit in a personal capacity), as well as support from SDP's [[Chee Soon Juan]] and [[People's Power Party (Singapore)|PPP]] leader [[Goh Meng Seng]].<ref name=":22">{{cite news |last1=Tham |first1=Davina |title=Did opposition backing help or hurt Tan Kin Lian in the Presidential Election? |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-election-opposition-support-tan-cheng-bock-3747091 |access-date=6 September 2023 |work=[[CNA (TV network)|CNA]] |date=6 September 2023 |location=Singapore}}</ref>

Following amendments to the Constitution, the [[2017 Singaporean presidential election|2017 presidential election]] was the first to be reserved for a particular racial community.<ref>{{cite news|title=Elected Presidency: Amendments to Constitution passed in Parliament|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/elected-presidency-amendments-to-constitution-passed-in-parliame-7719282|access-date=13 September 2017|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|date=9 November 2016|archive-date=6 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606165027/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/elected-presidency-amendments-to-constitution-passed-in-parliame-7719282|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|In Singapore, its citizens are organised under the CMIO (Chinese–Malay–Indian–Other) system of categorisation.}} It was restricted to candidates from the minority [[Malay Singaporeans|Malay community]], who had not held the presidency since 1970.<ref name="straitstimes1">{{cite news|last1=Yong|first1=Charissa|title=Parliament: 2017 presidential election will be reserved for Malay candidates, says PM Lee|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/parliament-2017-presidential-election-will-be-reserved-for-malay-candidates-says-pm-lee|access-date=6 August 2017|work=The Straits Times|date=8 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806145023/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/parliament-2017-presidential-election-will-be-reserved-for-malay-candidates-says-pm-lee|archive-date=6 August 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21728865-or-so-government-concludes-only-one-singaporean-fit-be-president|title=Only one Singaporean is fit to be president|date=13 September 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|access-date=14 September 2017|archive-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913185053/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21728865-or-so-government-concludes-only-one-singaporean-fit-be-president|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2023 presidential election was open to candidates of any racial community.<ref name=":8" />

===Election procedures===
President [[Halimah Yacob]]'s term of office was scheduled to end on 13 September 2023. The presidential election had to be held within three months of that date.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last1=Lim |first1=Vanessa |last2=Ganesan |first2=Natasha |date=29 May 2023 |title=CNA Explains: What you need to know about Singapore's upcoming Presidential Election |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/cna-explains-what-you-need-know-about-singapores-upcoming-presidential-election-3523291 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805095453/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/cna-explains-what-you-need-know-about-singapores-upcoming-presidential-election-3523291 |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ELD {{!}} Presidential Elections |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_presidential.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801032308/https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_presidential.html |archive-date=1 August 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=www.eld.gov.sg}}</ref> Any Singaporean citizen who wished to be a candidate in the election had to apply and receive a Certificate of Eligibility (COE), as well as a community certificate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What will the presidential election process look like? |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/what-will-presidential-election-process-look |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610185815/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/what-will-presidential-election-process-look |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=businesstimes.com.sg|date=8 June 2023 }}</ref>

On 11 August, the writ of election was issued by Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zalizan |first=Taufiq |date=11 August 2023 |title=Writ issued for Presidential Election; Nomination Day on Aug 22, Polling Day on Sept 1 |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/writ-issued-presidential-election-nomination-day-aug-22-polling-day-sept-1-2226161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811093814/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/writ-issued-presidential-election-nomination-day-aug-22-polling-day-sept-1-2226161 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Writ of Election |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/gazettes/2023/Writ%20of%20Election.pdf |publisher=Elections Department Singapore |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830135121/https://www.eld.gov.sg/gazettes/2023/Writ%20of%20Election.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The writ specified Nomination Day to be held on 22 August 2023 at the [[People's Association]] (PA) headquarters at 9 King George's Avenue. The [[Returning Officer#Singapore|Returning Officer]] for this election was to be Tan Meng Dui, CEO of the [[Housing and Development Board]] (HDB), who is serving his second term, after the [[2020 Singaporean general election|2020 general election]].<ref name=":9" />

By Nomination Day, all prospective candidates had to have prepared their nomination papers, which included the COE, community certificate, and political donation certificate. The candidate also had to pay the election deposit of $40,500, which was lowered from the $43,500 required for the [[2017 Singaporean presidential election|previous election]]. A candidate would lose this deposit if they did not receive 12.50% of the total votes cast. The nomination paper must be signed by one's proposer, seconder, and at least four assenters, and be handed to the Returning Officer between 11:00 to 12:00 [[Singapore Standard Time|SST]] ([[UTC+08:00]]) on Nomination Day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidential Elections (Prescribed Forms) Regulations – Singapore Statutes Online |url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg:5443/SL/PrEA1991-RG1?DocDate=20201223&ProvIds=Sc-&ViewType=Advance&Phrase=company+law&WiAl=1 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=sso.agc.gov.sg |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10" /> On that day, the Returning Officer announces the candidates running for the presidency. However, if only one candidate was successfully nominated, the election would be declared a [[walkover]], and the sole nominated candidate would be the President-elect. Otherwise, Polling Day was set for 1 September.<ref name=":8" />

In-person rallies were discouraged by the Elections Department, which did not designate any rally sites, as such rallies may be divisive and thus not congruent with the nature of the unifying nature of the presidential system. Candidate speeches were televised on local television channels instead, while smaller election meetings were allowed to be held, albeit indoors or otherwise under cover, for security reasons.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goh |first=Yan Han |date=12 August 2023 |title=Presidential election candidates encouraged to use social media, TV; rallies not recommended: ELD |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-election-candidates-encouraged-to-use-platforms-of-national-reach-rallies-not-encouraged-eld |access-date=13 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830135119/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-election-candidates-encouraged-to-use-platforms-of-national-reach-rallies-not-encouraged-eld |url-status=live }}</ref> Campaigning took place between 22 and 30 August. This was followed by a [[Election silence|cooling-off]] day, on 31 August, on the eve of Polling Day, when campaigning was prohibited, to allow time for voters to reflect on events before casting their votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore Presidential Election to be held on Sep 1, Nomination Day on Aug 22 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidential-election-polling-day-sep-1-nomination-aug-22-writ-3651756 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817153339/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidential-election-polling-day-sep-1-nomination-aug-22-writ-3651756 |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref><ref name="electiondayannoucement" />

Under the [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] voting system used in Singapore, the candidate with a plurality of votes is elected as president.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore presidential election in final stretch: 5 things to know |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Singapore-presidential-election-in-final-stretch-5-things-to-know |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Local voting===
Polling Day was 1 September 2023, between 08:00 and 20:00; the winner of the election was determined by [[first-past-the-post voting]] (FPTP) and was inaugurated on 14 September. The election would potentially see 2,709,455 eligible voters cast their votes, up from 2,653,942 from the most recent general election in 2020, and 2,274,773 from the [[2011 Singaporean presidential election|last contested presidential election]] in 2011.<ref name="ELJV1">{{cite web |last1=Hamzah |first1=Aqil |title=Presidential Election 2023: More than 2.7 million eligible to vote |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-more-than-27-million-eligible-to-vote |website=The Straits Times |access-date=18 August 2023 |language=en |date=20 July 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830140253/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-more-than-27-million-eligible-to-vote |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2202/ Republic of Singapore: Election for President] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103193236/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2202/ |date=3 January 2023 }} IFES</ref> The [[Elections Department Singapore|Elections Department of Singapore]] (ELD) increased the number of polling stations from 1,097 to 1,264, reducing the number of voters allocated to each station from an average of 2,400 to 2,150, compared to the last election.<ref name=":17" /> The ELD had also assigned more civil servants, increasing them from 30,000 to 36,000.<ref name=":17" /> The 'X' pen used in the 2020 general election was also replaced with an 'X' stamp, to eliminate the confusion of voters who in the previous election had mistaken the pen for writing rather than for marking.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=More polling stations and active officials for Presidential Election 2023: ELD |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-more-polling-stations-queue-status-x-stamp-postal-vote-3649711 |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901150501/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-more-polling-stations-queue-status-x-stamp-postal-vote-3649711 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the polls closed, ballot boxes were sealed and transported to one of 215 counting stations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Where does my ballot go? |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/2023/08/where-does-my-ballot-go/index.html |website=The Straits Times |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831034820/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/2023/08/where-does-my-ballot-go/index.html?shell |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 24 August, ELD issued an apology to 9,822 voters from [[Tanjong Pagar GRC]]—all of whom had been assigned to vote at either St Margaret's School, [[Tanglin Community Club|Tanglin Community Centre]], Farrer Park Primary School, or [[Delta Sports Complex|Delta Sports Hall]]—for a printing mishap whereby duplicate poll cards with different serial numbers had been mistakenly printed and sent to voters.<ref>{{cite web |title=ELD apologises after nearly 10,000 voters in Tanjong Pagar GRC receive two poll cards due to printer's error |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidential-election-2023-elections-department-apology-poll-cards-printer-error-3720811 |website=CNA |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830140146/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidential-election-2023-elections-department-apology-poll-cards-printer-error-3720811 |url-status=live }}</ref> ELD also announced that about 200 voters would be excluded from the voting list, citing scanning issues on some [[National Registration Identity Card|NRIC cards]] during the [[2020 Singaporean general election|2020 general election]], that number later being increased to 1,093,<ref>{{cite web |title=Singaporeans on non-voter list for future elections will be individually informed via mail and Singpass |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singaporeans-non-voter-list-future-elections-will-be-individually-informed-mail-and-singpass-3780086 |website=CNA |access-date=26 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and that 32,807 non-voters had since been reinstated onto the voter list when restorations began on 5 October 2020;<ref>{{cite web |title=About 200 Singaporeans' names left out of voters' list for Presidential Election despite claims they voted in GE 2020 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-singaporeans-unable-vote-names-registers-electors-eld-ge2020-3721766 |website=CNA |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830140142/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-singaporeans-unable-vote-names-registers-electors-eld-ge2020-3721766 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About 200 Singaporeans' names left out of voters' list for Presidential Election despite claims they voted in GE 2020 |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/about-200-singaporeans-names-left-out-voters-list-presidential-election-despite-claims-they-voted-ge-2020-2240081 |website=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|TODAY]] |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |date=24 August 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830140146/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/about-200-singaporeans-names-left-out-voters-list-presidential-election-despite-claims-they-voted-ge-2020-2240081 }}</ref>

With the amendments to a bill of 8 March 2023, mobile polling stations were, for the first time, set up at 31 selected nursing homes to cater to the elderly. This was in response to an ageing electorate and travel restrictions, especially with regard to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore|COVID-19 pandemic]] occurring at the time of the 2020 elections, according to [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Education Minister]] and Minister-in-charge of the Public Service [[Chan Chun Sing]].<ref name="Bill">{{cite web |last1=Ng |first1=Wei Kai |title=New election laws to allow postal voting for overseas S'poreans; polling stations in nursing homes |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/new-election-laws-allow-postal-voting-for-overseas-s-poreans-polling-stations-for-nursing-homes |website=The Straits Times |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |date=6 March 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901053309/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/new-election-laws-allow-postal-voting-for-overseas-s-poreans-polling-stations-for-nursing-homes |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Christine |title=Presidential election: Trial brings voting to nursing homes, lets bedridden residents vote for the first time |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/trial-brings-voting-to-nursing-homes-lets-bedridden-residents-vote-for-the-first-time |website=The Straits Times |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901054740/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/trial-brings-voting-to-nursing-homes-lets-bedridden-residents-vote-for-the-first-time |url-status=live }}</ref> For this election, there would be 4,807 nursing home residents voting at these stations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tan |first=Christine |date=1 September 2023 |title=Presidential election: Trial brings voting to nursing homes, lets bedridden residents vote for the first time |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/trial-brings-voting-to-nursing-homes-lets-bedridden-residents-vote-for-the-first-time |access-date=2023-09-01 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901054740/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/trial-brings-voting-to-nursing-homes-lets-bedridden-residents-vote-for-the-first-time |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the opening hours of Polling Day, there were technical issues with the e-registration system, leading to a buildup of queues at the various polling stations. The technical issues were resolved.<ref name="TodayOnline20230901"/> When Parliament convened on 18 September, Chan addressed these issues to ensure a prevention of similar incidents in the future.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Iau |first1=Jean |title=ELD to tighten measures after some voters received two poll cards |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/eld-to-tighten-measures-after-some-voters-received-two-poll-cards |website=The Straits Times |access-date=26 September 2023 |language=en |date=18 September 2023}}</ref>

Under constitutionally-required [[compulsory voting]], [[abstention|non-voters]] would be delisted from the Registers of Electors and, for the first time ever, were notified of such via mail and the SingPass app.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Iau |first1=Jean |title=S'poreans who have been struck off voter rolls will be individually notified by mail, Singpass app |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singaporeans-who-have-been-struck-off-voter-rolls-will-be-individually-notified-by-mail-singpass-app |website=The Straits Times |access-date=26 September 2023 |language=en |date=19 September 2023}}</ref> The list of non-voters was complied and published on 9 November,<ref>{{cite web |title=Elections Department Singapore |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/Press%20Release%20-%20Inspection%20of%20list%20of%20non-voters%20restoration%20of%20names%20to%20Registers%20of%20Electors%202023%20(Final).pdf |website=www.eld.gov.sg |access-date=29 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> with inspections and registrations for reinstating starting the day after.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elections Department Singapore |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/gazettes/2023/Notice%20under%20section%2026(6)%20-%209%20Nov%201pm.pdf |website=www.eld.gov.sg |access-date=29 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Overseas voting===
In 2023, an amendment to the Presidential Elections Act and Parliamentary Elections Act was tabled in Parliament; it enabled Singaporeans living abroad to [[Postal voting|vote by post]] in subsequent elections, giving them an additional option.<ref>{{cite web |last1=See Kit |first1=Tang |title=Mail voting for overseas Singaporeans, revised election advertising rules among proposed changes to laws |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/overseas-postal-voting-new-advertising-rules-proposed-changes-election-laws-3256711 |website=CNA |access-date=4 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322063523/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/overseas-postal-voting-new-advertising-rules-proposed-changes-election-laws-3256711 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the first election whereby Singaporean citizens abroad could [[Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin#Singapore|exercise their voting rights by post]]. Prior to 2023, they may only vote in person at one of ten designated overseas polling stations, located in various places such as Australia (Canberra), China (three polling stations: Beijing, Hong Kong and Shanghai), Japan (Tokyo), the United Arab Emirates (Dubai), the United Kingdom (London), and the United States (three polling stations: New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C.).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eld.gov.sg/voters_ops.html|title=Singapore Elections Department – Overseas Polling Stations|website=eld.gov.sg|language=en|access-date=1 June 2017|archive-date=30 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830142429/http://www.eld.gov.sg/voters_ops.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Expatriate citizens were also assigned a polling station in Singapore, where they could vote in person if they happened to be in Singapore on polling day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eld.gov.sg/voters_overseas.html|title=Singapore Elections Department – Who Can Vote Overseas?|work=ELD |language=en|access-date=1 June 2017|archive-date=5 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605122014/http://www.eld.gov.sg/voters_overseas.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 23 August, ELD confirmed that 6,649 voters had been registered as overseas voters, with 3,432 doing postal voting and the rest being assigned to their respective overseas polling stations.<ref name="ELJV2">{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Yan Han |title=More than half of 6,649 registered overseas voters to try new postal voting for presidential election |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/more-than-half-of-6649-registered-overseas-voters-to-try-new-postal-voting-for-presidential-election |website=The Straits Times |access-date=23 August 2023 |language=en |date=23 August 2023 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823090028/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/more-than-half-of-6649-registered-overseas-voters-to-try-new-postal-voting-for-presidential-election |url-status=live }}</ref> During Polling Day, ELD advised overseas voters in Hong Kong to follow the latest safety updates about the approaching [[2023 Pacific typhoon season#Typhoon Saola (Goring)|Typhoon Saola]] before heading outdoors to vote, but its voting station opened as usual.<ref>{{cite news |title=S'poreans can go ahead to vote in HK despite upcoming Super Typhoon Saola |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/s-poreans-can-go-ahead-to-vote-in-hk-despite-upcoming-super-typhoon-saola |website=The Straits Times |date=September 2023 |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901051402/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/s-poreans-can-go-ahead-to-vote-in-hk-despite-upcoming-super-typhoon-saola |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PRESS RELEASE POLL TO PROCEED AT HONG KONG OVERSEAS POLLING STATION |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Poll%20to%20Proceed%20at%20Hong%20Kong%20Overseas%20Polling%20Station.pdf |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> In Japan, another country with an overseas polling station, had reported its highest average temperature during the voting hours, amidst the ongoing [[2023 Asia heat wave|heat wave]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan records highest average temperature in 125 years, weather agency says |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/japan-heatwave-record-temperature-b2403260.html |website=The Independent |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901124209/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/japan-heatwave-record-temperature-b2403260.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Candidates==
The [[Elections Department Singapore|Elections Department]] (ELD) announced that there were 6 Certificate of Eligibility applications, three of which (two Chinese and one Indian/other minority) were accepted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Issuance of Certificate of Eligibility for Presidential Election 2023 |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Issuance%20of%20Certificate%20of%20Eligibility%20for%20PE2023.pdf |website=Elections Department Singapore}}</ref> ELD also announced that there were 16 Community Certificate applications, six of which (five Chinese and one Indian/other minority) were accepted.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elections Department Singapore |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20issuance%20of%20Community%20Certificates%20for%20PE2023.pdf |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=eld.gov.sg |language=en |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818092239/https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20issuance%20of%20Community%20Certificates%20for%20PE2023.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Eligible===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background: RoyalBlue; color: white;"|Candidates
!style="background: RoyalBlue; color: white;"|Background
!style="background: RoyalBlue; color: white;"|Application result
|-
|'''[[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]]'''
| Tharman has served as Senior Minister, [[Coordinating Minister for Social Policies]], chairman of the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]], deputy chairman of [[GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund)|GIC]], chairman of the International Advisory Council of the [[Economic Development Board]], and from 2001 to 2023 a member of parliament for [[Jurong GRC]]'s Taman Jurong division. On 8 June, Tharman announced that, to run for the presidency, he would resign from all his positions in the [[Government of Singapore|government]] and as a member of the governing [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) on 7 July.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |last=Goh |first=Yan Han |date=8 June 2023 |title=SM Tharman to run for President, will resign from Govt and PAP on July 7 |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/sm-tharman-to-run-for-president-will-resign-from-govt-and-pap-on-july-7 |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815231707/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/sm-tharman-to-run-for-president-will-resign-from-govt-and-pap-on-july-7 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> On 26 July, at a press conference at the York Hotel, Tharman launched his campaign and announced his team of assenters.<ref name=rfa>{{Cite news |author1=Han Yan, Goh |author2=Ho, Grace |date=26 July 2023 |title=Tharman launches bid for presidency, cautions against 'artificial distinctions' based on past affiliations |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tharman-launches-bid-for-presidency-cautions-against-artificial-distinctions-based-on-past-affiliations |access-date=28 July 2023 |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727233320/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tharman-launches-bid-for-presidency-cautions-against-artificial-distinctions-based-on-past-affiliations |url-status=live }}</ref> On 7 August, he submitted his application for a certificate of eligibility to the [[Elections Department]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tharman applies for eligibility certificate for Presidential Election |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-presidential-election-2023-eligibility-certificate-application-3682556 |access-date=11 August 2023 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811064037/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-presidential-election-2023-eligibility-certificate-application-3682556 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!rowspan=3 style="background: lightgreen"; |Application for Certificate of Eligibility accepted.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Ng Kok Song, Tan Kin Lian, Tharman Shanmugaratnam qualify as presidential candidates; George Goh ineligible |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/eld-presidental-election-2023-certificate-eligibility-candidates-3697306 |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818072149/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/eld-presidental-election-2023-certificate-eligibility-candidates-3697306 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Ng Kok Song]]'''
|Ng is the founding partner and chairman of Avanda Investment Management and former [[GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund)|GIC]] chief investment officer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership Team – Avanda |url=https://www.avanda.sg/who-we-are/leadership-team/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=avanda.sg |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714112545/https://www.avanda.sg/who-we-are/leadership-team/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He is serving on the advisory board of [[PIMCO]], has served on the governing board of [[Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=Ng Kok Song – ASB Board of Governors |url=https://asb.edu.my/about/board-of-governors/ng-kok-song |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=asb.edu.my |language=en-US |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721161916/https://asb.edu.my/about/board-of-governors/ng-kok-song |url-status=live }}</ref> and was the founding chairman of the [[Singapore International Monetary Exchange|Singapore International Monetary Exchange (SIMEX), which was later merged to form the Singapore Exchange (SGX)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sgx.com/founding-futures | title=Founding Futures – Singapore Exchange (SGX) | access-date=22 July 2023 | archive-date=3 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903064450/https://www.sgx.com/founding-futures | url-status=live }}</ref> On 19 July, he collected his application forms and announced his bid to run for the presidency.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Former GIC chief investment officer Ng Kok Song announces bid to run for President |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-former-gic-chief-investment-officer-president-singapore-3631581 |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719040212/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-former-gic-chief-investment-officer-president-singapore-3631581 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 August, Ng submitted his application for a certificate of eligibility to the [[Elections Department]] and announced that [[George Yeo]] would be one of his character references.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ng Kok Song submits eligibility papers for Presidential Election, with former Cabinet minister George Yeo as character referee |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/george-yeo-character-referee-ng-kok-song-presidential-election-assenter-2225871 |access-date=11 August 2023 |website=TODAY |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811064037/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/george-yeo-character-referee-ng-kok-song-presidential-election-assenter-2225871 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time of nomination, Ng was the only candidate without any record of participating in any political party, and the third overall presidential candidate to be so unaffiliated, after [[Chua Kim Yeow]] and [[S.R. Nathan]].
|-
|'''[[Tan Kin Lian]]'''
| Tan is a former CEO of [[Income Insurance|NTUC Income]] (1997–2007) and former branch secretary at [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]] of the governing [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) for three years. He eventually left the PAP in 2008 after three decades of membership, due to his inactivity and disagreements with the party's values. Tan contested the [[2011 Singaporean presidential election|2011 presidential election]] but finished last by a large margin in a four-cornered contest and consequently forfeited his electoral deposit. On 31 July, Tan announced that he had submitted his application for a certificate of eligibility to the [[Elections Department]] (ELD) on 11 July. He added that he would wait for the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC) to announce the final slate of approved candidates before deciding whether to submit his nomination paper.<ref name=":14">{{Cite news |date=31 July 2023 |title=Forrmer candidate Tan Kin Lian applies for eligibility certificate for 2023 Presidential Election |language=en |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-submits-application-presidential-election-2023-3665716 |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807151736/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-submits-application-presidential-election-2023-3665716 |archive-date=7 August 2023}}</ref> On 11 August, Tan launched his campaign, with [[Tan Jee Say]] and [[Lim Tean]] on his team of assenters.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goh |first=Yan Han |date=11 August 2023 |title=Tan Kin Lian, former NTUC Income chief executive, launches presidential bid |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-former-ntuc-income-chief-executive-launches-presidential-bid |access-date=11 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811051733/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-former-ntuc-income-chief-executive-launches-presidential-bid |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 August, Tan announced he would not submit his nomination forms if all four prospective candidates were eligible to run for the election, and that it was his plan the whole time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tan Kin Lian says he will step aside if George Goh qualifies to run in Presidential Election |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-tan-kin-lian-step-aside-george-goh-3705896 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817172535/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-tan-kin-lian-step-aside-george-goh-3705896 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Declared ineligible===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background: RoyalBlue; color: white;"|Candidates
!style="background: RoyalBlue; color: white;"|Background
!style="background: RoyalBlue; color: white;"|Application result
|-
|'''[[George Goh|George Goh Ching Wah]]'''
| On 12 June, Goh, the co-founder of [[Harvey Norman#International|Harvey Norman Ossia]], confirmed that he would be running for president.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=12 June 2023 |title=Harvey Norman Ossia's founder George Goh to run for President in Singapore |language=en |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/george-goh-run-presidential-election-candidate-harvey-norman-ossia-3555876 |access-date=12 June 2023 |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612084332/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/george-goh-run-presidential-election-candidate-harvey-norman-ossia-3555876 |url-status=live }}</ref> He had previously been the non-resident Ambassador to Morocco, and is also the co-founder of the charity Border Mission. According to Goh, all the companies he owns or runs have a collective market capitalisation value of S$3.15&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Statement |url=https://onecms-res.cloudinary.com/raw/upload/v1686559961/mediacorp/tdy/document/2023-06/20230612_press_statement_george_goh.pdf |website=TODAY |publisher=From The Desk of George Goh Ching Wah |access-date=12 June 2023 |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612090306/https://onecms-res.cloudinary.com/raw/upload/v1686559961/mediacorp/tdy/document/2023-06/20230612_press_statement_george_goh.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> On 4 August, Goh submitted his application for a certificate of eligibility to the [[Elections Department]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zachariah |first=Natasha Ann |date=4 August 2023 |title=George Goh submits presidential election eligibility forms |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/george-goh-submits-presidential-election-eligibility-forms |access-date=11 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810114956/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/george-goh-submits-presidential-election-eligibility-forms |url-status=live }}</ref> Goh's application was unsuccessful, and he was not certified.<ref name=":12"/> Goh later said he did not accept the committee's reason for denying him the certificate, saying they took a narrow view of his capabilities. In a letter made public, the committee said that the five companies were considered on their individual merits and could not be aggregated, thus not meeting the S$500&nbsp;million shareholder equity requirement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2023 |title=PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS COMMITTEE’S STATEMENT IN RESPONSE TO MR GEORGE GOH’S UNSUCCESSFUL APPLICATION FOR A CERTIFICATE OF ELIGIBILITY |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PEC%20statement_18%20Aug%202023.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=www.eld.gov.sg}}</ref>
! style="background: lightpink" ; |Application for Certificate of Eligibility rejected.<ref name=":12" />
|}

===Publicly expressed interest===
* '''[[Lee Hsien Yang]]''' – Lee spent most of his career in the private sector, including being the CEO of [[Singtel]] and Chairman of the [[Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore]] (CAAS). A prominent member of the [[Lee family (Singapore)|Lee family]], he is the youngest son of founding Prime Minister [[Lee Kuan Yew]] and brother of current Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]]. Lee is estranged from his brother over the [[38 Oxley Road]] dispute and had previously endorsed the [[Progress Singapore Party]] in the [[2020 Singaporean general election]]. During a telephone interview with [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] in March 2023, Lee said, "There is a view that depending on who they (the [[People's Action Party]]) float, if I were to run they would be in serious trouble and could lose. A lot of people have come to me. They really want me to run. It's something I would consider." As of March 2023, both Lee and his wife, Lee Suet Fern, were in [[wikt:self-exile|self-imposed exile]] in the United Kingdom after being under investigation for lying during judicial proceedings. Lee did not collect his application forms from the [[Elections Department]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2023 |title=Lee Hsien Yang unlikely to meet criteria to run for elected presidency given court finding of lying under oath: Lawyers |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/lee-hsien-yang-elected-presidency-court-finding-lawyers-3323591 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324134255/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/lee-hsien-yang-elected-presidency-court-finding-lawyers-3323591 |archive-date=24 March 2023 |access-date=13 June 2023 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Lee Hsien Yang weighing presidential bid, lawyers say court findings affect his eligibility |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/lee-hsien-yang-weighing-presidential-bid-lawyers-say-court-findings-affect-his-eligibility |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329190421/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/lee-hsien-yang-weighing-presidential-bid-lawyers-say-court-findings-affect-his-eligibility |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=The Straits Times|date=3 March 2023 }}</ref>
* '''Seng Soon Kia''' – Seng is a 72-year-old former woodworking teacher who collected his application forms at the [[Elections Department Singapore|Elections Department]] office on 13 June 2023. In an interview conducted by the media following the collection of his application forms, he claimed to have fulfilled the requirements to run as president.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2023 |title=Presidential Election 2023: Two hopefuls turn up on the day applications open |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-two-hopefuls-turn-up-on-first-day-that-applications-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614220113/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-two-hopefuls-turn-up-on-first-day-that-applications-open |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=26 June 2023 |website=The Straits Times}}</ref> 
* '''Turritopsis Dohrnii Teo En Ming''' – Teo is a 45-year-old [[Information technology consulting|information technology consultant]] who collected his application forms at the [[Elections Department Singapore|Elections Department]] office on 27 June 2023; he announced his presidential bid on [[TikTok]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=30 June 2023 |title=PE2023: IT consultant says he's running for president, wants to be 'SAF commander-in-chief' if he wins |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/pe-2023-it-consultant-says-hes-running-president-wants-be-saf-commander-chief-if-he-wins-teo-en-ming |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=AsiaOne |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701040046/https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/pe-2023-it-consultant-says-hes-running-president-wants-be-saf-commander-chief-if-he-wins-teo-en-ming |url-status=live }}</ref> He expressed his admiration for [[Sun Yat-sen]] and [[Ong Teng Cheong]], the fifth President of Singapore, and stated that he wished to be a "President for all" like them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pan |first=Xiaojun |date=1 July 2023 |title=又有人表态要参选总统 IT顾问领表格称要当"四军总司令" |url=https://www.8world.com/singapore/pe2023-it-consultant-says-hes-running-president-2173931 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702025250/https://www.8world.com/singapore/pe2023-it-consultant-says-hes-running-president-2173931 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=8world 8视界新闻网 |language=zh-SG}}</ref>

===Declined to be candidates===
* '''[[Halimah Yacob]]''' – the eighth, and incumbent, [[president of Singapore]], announced on 29 May 2023 that she would not be seeking re-election after "careful consideration".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title='I have decided not to stand for re-election': President Halimah Yacob |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/i-have-decided-not-stand-re-election-president-halimah-yacob-2181061 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529102812/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/i-have-decided-not-stand-re-election-president-halimah-yacob-2181061 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Today Online}}</ref>
* '''[[George Yeo]]''' – [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]] from 2004 to 2011 and Member of Parliament for [[Aljunied Group Representation Constituency|Aljunied GRC]] from 1988 to 2004, ruled out a run for president after his defeat for a seat from Aljunied GRC during the [[2011 Singapore general election|2011 general election]].<ref name="yeo1">{{cite news |last=Huang |first=Yupei |author2=Xu Xiangyu |date=10 May 2011 |title=楊榮文宣佈不再參選 '不代表將退出政壇' (Translation: George Yeo Announces He Will Not Be Running For Office, [But] Does Not Mean He's Quitting Politics) |language=zh |newspaper=[[Lianhe Wanbao]] |url=http://news.omy.sg/News/Local%2BNews/Story/OMYStory201105101524-243819.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613033524/http://news.omy.sg/News/Local%2BNews/Story/OMYStory201105101524-243819.html |archive-date=13 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>Dai, Ong. (2 June 2011) [http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC110602-0000059/George-Yeo-for-President "George Yeo for President?", ''Today Online'', 2 June 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607003714/http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC110602-0000059/George-Yeo-for-President|date=7 June 2011}}. Todayonline.com. Retrieved 28 August 2011.</ref> In 2022, he confirmed he would not run in the 2023 presidential election.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2022 |title=Former minister George Yeo says he will not run in next year's presidential election |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/former-minister-george-yeo-says-he-will-not-run-in-next-years-presidential-election |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821081304/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/former-minister-george-yeo-says-he-will-not-run-in-next-years-presidential-election |archive-date=21 August 2022 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=The Straits Times}}</ref>

==Endorsements==
The candidates received the following endorsements:

===Tharman Shanmugaratnam===
* [[Kishore Mahbubani]], diplomat, former Singapore [[Permanent Representative to the United Nations]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kishore Mahbubani the 2nd senior S'porean diplomat to endorse Tharman for PE2023, after Tommy Koh |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/08/kishore-mahbubani-endorse-tharman/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=mothership.sg |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824213117/https://mothership.sg/2023/08/kishore-mahbubani-endorse-tharman/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Lee Hsien Loong]], [[prime minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]] of Singapore and Secretary-General of the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP){{efn|Endorsement made in June shortly after Tharman announced his resignations from his ministerial positions and as a member of the PAP to run in the presidential election.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Loraine |title=PM Lee says confident that Tharman will exercise President's duties 'scrupulously' and with 'independence of mind' if elected |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pm-lee-confident-tharman-president-duties-elected-2188856 |website=TODAY |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829045103/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pm-lee-confident-tharman-president-duties-elected-2188856 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
* [[Tommy Koh]], diplomat, Singapore ambassador-at-large and former Permanent Representative to the United Nations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tommy Koh endorses Tharman Shanmugaratnam for PE2023 |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/08/tommy-koh-endorsing-tharman-pe2023/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=mothership.sg |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827081737/https://mothership.sg/2023/08/tommy-koh-endorsing-tharman-pe2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Ng Kok Song===
* [[George Yeo]], former cabinet minister and former chief of staff of the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] (RSAF)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stolarchuk |first1=Jewel |title=George Yeo backs Ng Kok Song's bid for presidency, amid scrutiny over "Tharman wants it" comment |url=https://theindependent.sg/george-yeo-ng-kok-song-tharman |website=theindependent.sg |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=3 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830140145/https://theindependent.sg/george-yeo-ng-kok-song-tharman/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Tan Kin Lian===
* [[Chee Soon Juan]], [[Perennial candidate|perennial political candidate]] and secretary general of the [[Singapore Democratic Party]] (SDP){{efn|Although Chee had endorsed Tan, he noted some reservations as well as his disagreements with Tan's views particularly on his comments on women and opposition politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chee Soon Juan 'not enthusiastic' about all 3 presidential candidates but endorses Tan Kin Lian |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/08/chee-soon-juan-endorses-tan-kin-lian/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830140145/https://mothership.sg/2023/08/chee-soon-juan-endorses-tan-kin-lian/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
* [[Goh Meng Seng]], founder and secretary general of the [[People's Power Party (Singapore)|People's Power Party]] (PPP)<ref name=":22" />
* [[Iris Koh]], [[anti-vaccination]] activist<ref>{{cite web |title=Iris Koh (Healing the Divide) Endorses Tan Kin Lian: "I'm voting for Tan Kin Lian. He is our only hope for an Independent President, free from the PAP and GIC." |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/singapore/comments/15w6i7j/iris_koh_healing_the_divide_endorses_tan_kin_lian/ |website=r/singapore |publisher=Reddit |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=20 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141236/https://www.reddit.com/r/singapore/comments/15w6i7j/iris_koh_healing_the_divide_endorses_tan_kin_lian/?rdt=51724 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Lim Tean]], founder and secretary general of the [[Peoples Voice (Singapore)|Peoples Voice]] (PV)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tan Kin Lian says support from opposition leaders does not politicise presidential election |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-says-support-from-opposition-leaders-does-not-politicise-presidential-election |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=The Straits Times |date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141233/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tan-kin-lian-says-support-from-opposition-leaders-does-not-politicise-presidential-election |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Tan Cheng Bock]], former presidential candidate in [[2011 Singaporean presidential election|2011]] and founder of the [[Progress Singapore Party]] (PSP)<ref name="DuoEndorse">{{Cite web |title=Tan Cheng Bock endorses Tan Kin Lian for S'pore presidential election 2023 |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/08/tan-cheng-bock-endorse-tan-kin-lian-pe2023/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=mothership.sg |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827081706/https://mothership.sg/2023/08/tan-cheng-bock-endorse-tan-kin-lian-pe2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Tan Jee Say]], former presidential candidate, in [[2011 Singaporean presidential election|2011]], and former secretary general of the now-defunct [[Singaporeans First]] (SingFirst) party<ref name=DuoEndorse/>

==Timeline==

===Table of significant events===
All dates are according to [[Singapore Standard Time]] (SST), which is [[UTC+08:00]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:100px;" | Date !! colspan=2 | Event
|-
! colspan=3 | May 2023
|-
| 29 May || Incumbent President [[Halimah Yacob]] announces that she will not run for re-election in 2023. ||<ref name=":4" />
|-
! colspan=3 | June 2023
|-
| 8 June || Senior Minister [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] puts himself forward as a presidential candidate, and announces that he will step down from all political positions on 7 July. ||<ref name=":13" />
|-
| 12 June || Harvey Norman Ossia chairman [[George Goh]] declares his intention to run for the presidency. ||<ref name=":1" />
|-
| 13 June || Applications for certificates of eligibility (COE) and community certificates were made available. Two potential candidates, George Goh and Seng Soon Kia, collect their application forms at the [[Elections Department Singapore|Elections Department]].||<ref>{{cite web|title=APPLICATION FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OPENS ON 13 JUNE 2023|url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/Press%20Release%20for%20Certificate%20of%20Eligibility%20and%20Community%20Certificate%20applications.pdf|website=Election Department Singapore|access-date=12 June 2023|archive-date=12 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612045900/https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/Press%20Release%20for%20Certificate%20of%20Eligibility%20and%20Community%20Certificate%20applications.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
|-
| 27 June
| Teo En Ming collects his application forms at the Elections Department. || <ref name=":5" />
|-
! colspan=3|July 2023
|-
| 19 July
| [[Ng Kok Song]] collects his application forms at the Elections Department.
| <ref name=":6" />
|-
| 26 July
| Tharman Shanmugaratnam launches his presidential campaign, titled "Respect for All".
| <ref name=rfa />
|-
| 30 July
| [[Tan Kin Lian]] reveals that he has submitted his application forms for the Certificate of Eligibility.
| <ref name=":14" />
|-
! colspan=3 |August 2023
|-
| 2 August
| Ng Kok Song submits application forms for the Certificate of Eligibility.
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Liew |first=Isabelle |date=3 August 2023 |title=Presidential hopeful Ng Kok Song submits forms, stresses importance of Singapore's reserves |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-hopeful-ng-kok-song-submits-forms-stresses-importance-of-s-pore-s-reserves |access-date=4 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810115140/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-hopeful-ng-kok-song-submits-forms-stresses-importance-of-s-pore-s-reserves |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4 August
| George Goh submits application forms for the Certificate of Eligibility. He also launched his presidential campaign that afternoon.
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Zachariah |first=Natasha Ann |date=4 August 2023 |title=George Goh submits presidential election eligibility forms |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/george-goh-submits-presidential-election-eligibility-forms |access-date=4 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804023949/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/george-goh-submits-presidential-election-eligibility-forms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 7 August
| Tharman Shanmugaratnam submits application forms for the Certificate of Eligibility.
| <ref>{{Cite news |editor=Grace Ho |date=7 August 2023 |title=Tharman Shanmugaratnam submits presidential election eligibility forms |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tharman-shanmugaratnam-submits-presidential-election-eligibility-forms |access-date=8 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=8 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808013213/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tharman-shanmugaratnam-submits-presidential-election-eligibility-forms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 11 August
| Tan Kin Lian announces his official bid for the presidency, his second attempt since the 2011 election.
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Tan Kin Lian, former NTUC Income chief executive, launches presidential bid |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-former-ntuc-income-chief-executive-launches-presidential-bid |website=The Straits Times |date=11 August 2023 |access-date=11 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811051733/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-former-ntuc-income-chief-executive-launches-presidential-bid |url-status=live }}</ref> 
|-
| '''Issuance of Writ of Election''', adjourning Nomination Day and Polling Day on 22 August and 1 September, respectively.
| <ref name="electiondayannoucement" /><ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=Press Release, Presidential Election 2023 |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Presidential%20Election%202023.pdf |website=Elections Department |access-date=11 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811072024/https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Presidential%20Election%202023.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 17 August
| Deadline for applications for the Certificate of Eligibility and Community Certificate.
| <ref name=":7" />
|-
| 18 August
| Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Ng Kok Song, and Tan Kin Lian were issued certificates of eligibility. ELD also announced that 10 out of the 16 community declarations and three applications for COE, most notably of George Goh, were rejected.
| <ref name=":15">{{cite news |author=Goh Yan Han |title=Presidential hopefuls Ng Kok Song, Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Tan Kin Lian have received certificates of eligibility |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-hopefuls-tharman-and-tan-kin-lian-have-received-certificates-of-eligibility |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=18 August 2023 |language=en |date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818040402/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-hopefuls-tharman-and-tan-kin-lian-have-received-certificates-of-eligibility |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 22 August
| '''Nomination Day''' (see [[#Nomination Day|below]])<br />All three eligible candidates (Ng Kok Song, Tharman Shanmugaratnam, and Tan Kin Lian) were nominated and a notice of contested election was issued.
| <ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Goh |first=Yan Han |date=22 August 2023 |title=Ng Kok Song, Tharman, Tan Kin Lian officially in three-way race in presidential election |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/nomination-day-ng-kok-song-tharman-tan-kin-lian-officially-in-three-way-race-for-presidency |access-date=22 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822205252/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/nomination-day-ng-kok-song-tharman-tan-kin-lian-officially-in-three-way-race-for-presidency |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Notice of Contested Presidential Election |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/gazettes/2023/Notice%20of%20Contested%20Presidential%20Election.pdf |publisher=Elections Department Singapore |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822113737/https://www.eld.gov.sg/gazettes/2023/Notice%20of%20Contested%20Presidential%20Election.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 22 to 30 August
| '''Campaigning period''' (see [[#Campaigning period|below]])
|
|-
| 31 August
| '''[[Election silence|Cooling-off]] Day'''
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Raguraman |first1=Anjali |title=Presidential election: No campaigning or election advertising on Cooling-off, Polling days |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-election-no-campaigning-or-election-advertising-on-cooling-off-polling-days |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=31 August 2023 |language=en |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831010541/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-election-no-campaigning-or-election-advertising-on-cooling-off-polling-days |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! colspan=3 |September 2023
|-
| 1 September
| '''Polling Day''' (see [[#Results|below]])
|
|-
| 2 September
| At 00:23, Returning Officer Tan Meng Dui announced outcome of election. (see [[#Results|below]])
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Goh |first=Yan Han |date=2 September 2023 |title=Landslide 70.4 per cent victory for Tharman as Singapore's next president |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/landslide-704-per-cent-victory-for-president-elect-tharman |access-date=2023-09-01 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901175053/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/landslide-704-per-cent-victory-for-president-elect-tharman |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 12 September
| Overseas vote counting
| <ref name="Overseas"/>
|-
| 13 September
| Halimah Yacob's term of office expires.
|
|-
| 14 September
| Inauguration day (see [[#Inauguration|below]])
|
|}

===Candidate participation timeline===
Timelines of candidate announcements and, if applicable, withdrawals are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"  style="float:right; margin:11px"
! colspan=2 | Status
|-
| style="background:#c8f902;"|
| Successfully nominated
|-
| style="background:yellow;"|
| Running
|-
| style="background:red;"|
| Expressed interest, yet to run
|-
| style="background:#999;"|
| Withdrawn/Did not qualify
|-
! colspan=2 | Events
|-
| style="background:black;"|
| Writ of Election issued
|-
| style="background:#007f33;"|
| Deadline for Certificate of Eligibility
|-
| style="background:#FFA505"|
| Nomination Day
|-
| style="background:red"|
| Presidential Candidate Broadcast 1
|-
| style="background:yellow"|
| CNA Presidential Forum
|-
| style="background:pink"|
| Presidential Candidate Broadcast 2
|-
| style="background:purple"|
| Polling Day
|-
| style="background:darkblue"|
| Inauguration Day
|}

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 bar:Tan

# CND #if candidate has already submitted applications for COE and is eligible

# WD #if candidate has already submitted applications for COE but did not qualify or withdrawn
 bar:Goh

# IND #if candidate have not yet submitted applications for COE
 bar:Lee
 bar:Seng
 bar:Teo

PlotData=
  width:12 fontsize:M textcolor:Black anchor:till shift:(18,-5)

# CND
 bar:Tharman
  from:06/08/2023 till:07/26/2023 color:IND
  from:07/26/2023 till:08/22/2023 color:CND 
  from:08/22/2023 till:09/14/2023 color:NOM text:"[[Tharman Shanmugaratnam|Tharman]]"
 bar:Ng
  from:06/19/2023 till:08/03/2023 color:IND
  from:08/03/2023 till:08/22/2023 color:CND 
  from:08/22/2023 till:09/02/2023 color:NOM text:"[[Ng Kok Song|Ng]]"
 bar:Tan
  from:07/31/2023 till:08/22/2023 color:CND
  from:08/22/2023 till:09/02/2023 color:NOM text:"[[Tan Kin Lian|Tan]]"

# WD
 bar:Goh
  from:06/12/2023 till:08/04/2023 color:IND
  from:08/04/2023 till:08/18/2023 color:WD text:"[[George Goh|Goh]]"

# IND
 bar:Lee
  from:05/29/2023 till:08/17/2023 color:IND text:"[[Lee Hsien Yang|Lee]]"
 bar:Seng
  from:06/13/2023 till:08/17/2023 color:IND text:"Seng"
 bar:Teo
  from:06/27/2023 till:08/17/2023 color:IND text:"Teo"

}}
{{clear}}

==Selection of candidates==
On 18 August, the [[Elections Department Singapore|Elections Department]] (ELD) announced the results of the applications for the Certificate of Eligibility (COE) and Community Certificate, one day after the applications for both certificates closed, on 17 August. Three potential candidates were issued both the COE and community declaration:<ref name="criteria">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Issuance%20of%20Certificate%20of%20Eligibility%20for%20PE2023.pdf|title=Press release of Issuance of Certificate of Eligibity for Presidential Election 2023|website=eld.gov.sg|access-date=22 August 2023|archive-date=18 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818092235/https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Issuance%20of%20Certificate%20of%20Eligibility%20for%20PE2023.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Three Candidates Approved to Run in Singaporean Presidential Election |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/three-candidates-approved-to-run-in-singaporean-presidential-election/ |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821055101/https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/three-candidates-approved-to-run-in-singaporean-presidential-election/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 
* [[Ng Kok Song]]: due to the prior experience and ability comparable to someone who served as a chief executive officer-equivalent role of a [[Government of Singapore|government-based]] company for at least three years.<ref name=":15" /> In Ng's case, he was the [[chief investment officer]] of the [[GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund)|GIC]] between 2007 and 2013.<ref name=":03" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Ng Kok Song {{!}} Yale School of Management |url=https://som.yale.edu/blog/interview-with-ng-kok-song |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=som.yale.edu |language=en |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714091046/https://som.yale.edu/blog/interview-with-ng-kok-song |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]]: due to serving as a cabinet minister for at least 3 years. Tharman served 20 years as a cabinet minister between 2003 and 2023, including as a Chairman of [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] between 2011 and 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ng Kok Song, Tan Kin Lian, Tharman Shanmugaratnam qualify as presidential candidates; George Goh ineligible |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidental-election-2023-certificate-eligibility-candidates-3697306 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822041006/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidental-election-2023-certificate-eligibility-candidates-3697306 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Tan Kin Lian]]: due to the prior experience and ability comparable to someone who served as a chief executive officer-equivalent role of a typical company with at least $500&nbsp;million in shareholder equity. In Tan's case, he served as a chief executive officer of [[Income Insurance|NTUC Income Insurance Cooperative]] between 1997 and 2007 for around 10 years and accumulated a shareholder's equity of over $1.4&nbsp;billion during his tenure.<ref name=":15" />

All three candidates had been characterized by ELD as having "integrity, good character and reputation"; both Ng and Tharman had satisfied the public-sector requirements, while Tan had fulfilled the private-sector requirements.<ref name="criteria"/>

==Nomination Day==
Nomination Day was held on 22 August 2023 at the [[People's Association]] headquarters at 9 King George's Avenue.<ref name=":9">{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Yan Han |date=11 August 2023 |title=Singapore Presidential Election 2023: Polling Day on Sept 1, Nomination Day on Aug 22 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singapore-presidential-election-2023-polling-day-on-sept-1-nomination-day-on-aug-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811075749/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singapore-presidential-election-2023-polling-day-on-sept-1-nomination-day-on-aug-22 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=11 August 2023 |website=The Straits Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{cite web |title=Elections Department Singapore |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Presidential%20Election%202023.pdf |website=eld.gov.sg |access-date=17 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817000338/https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Presidential%20Election%202023.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The three candidates that were awarded the Certificate of Eligibility—[[Ng Kok Song]], [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] and [[Tan Kin Lian]]—were nominated.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

===Candidates' symbols and slogans===
Following the nominations, the three candidates unveiled their symbols and their slogans, as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidential candidates' symbols revealed: Palm, figures reaching up, & pineapple |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/08/candidates-symbols-pe2023/ |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=mothership.sg |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! Candidate
! Description of symbol
! Slogan
|-
| Ng Kok Song
| Hand with a heart shape at its palm
| United for our future
|-
| Tharman Shanmugaratnam
| [[Pineapple]]
| Respect for all
|-
| Tan Kin Lian
| Four person living in harmony, holding a flower
| Bring back trust, give us hope
|}

According to an interview during his campaign, Tharman also considered a [[durian]] as his alternate symbol, but eventually went with a pineapple, as it represents prosperity, and also referenced his prior ministerial roles.<ref name="ELS">{{cite web |title='We did consider durian as well': Tharman on using the pineapple as his presidential campaign logo |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-campaign-pineapple-logo-posters-3718491 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825222252/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-campaign-pineapple-logo-posters-3718491 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>

===Team of Assenters===
{| class=wikitable width=100% style="font-size:90%"
|-
!style="text-align:left"|'''Candidates'''
!colspan=2|'''Ng Kok Song'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2023 |title=Presidential hopeful Ng Kok Song announces proposer, seconder and assenters |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/presidential-hopeful-ng-kok-song-announces-proposer-seconder-and-assenters |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=businesstimes.com.sg |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824071538/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/presidential-hopeful-ng-kok-song-announces-proposer-seconder-and-assenters |url-status=live }}</ref>
!colspan=2|'''Tan Kin Lian'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mothership.sg/2023/08/tan-kin-lian-supporters/|title=Tan Kin Lian refutes claims he is short of assenters, Tan Jee Say & Lim Tean among his 10 supporters|website=mothership.sg|access-date=24 August 2023|archive-date=24 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824071542/https://mothership.sg/2023/08/tan-kin-lian-supporters/|url-status=live}}</ref>
!colspan=2|'''Tharman Shanmugaratnam'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mothership.sg/2023/07/tharmans-supporters-assenters/|title=Ho Kwon Ping, Royston Tan & Muhd Alami Musa among S'poreans publicly supporting Tharman's presidential bid|website=mothership.sg|access-date=24 August 2023|archive-date=24 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824071539/https://mothership.sg/2023/07/tharmans-supporters-assenters/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-style="background-color:#CEE0F2"

|'''Assenter'''
|style="text-align:left" style=width:7em|'''Name'''
|style="text-align:left vertical-align:top"|'''Profession'''

|style="text-align:left" style=width:7em|'''Name'''
|style="text-align:left"|'''Profession'''

|style="text-align:left" style=width:7em|'''Name'''
|style="text-align:left"|'''Profession'''
|-

|'''Proposer''' 
|Quah Wee Ghee  
|<small>Co-founder of Avanda Investment Management and ex-presidents of [[GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund)|GIC]] public market</small>

|[[Tan Jee Say]]
|<small>Ex-principal private secretary, founder of ex-[[Singaporeans First]] party and nominated candidate in [[2011 Singaporean presidential election|2011]]</small>

|Thomas Chua Kee Seng
|<small>President of Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations, honorary president of Singapore Chamber of Commerce and Industry, board chairman of Techwah and ex-[[Nominated Member of Parliament|NMP]] </small>
|-
|'''Seconder'''
|Carol Tan
|<small>Geriatrician at Good Life Medical Centre</small>

|[[Lim Tean]]
|<small>Founder of [[Peoples Voice (Singapore)|People's Voice]] party</small>

|Mohammad Alami Musa
|<small>Head of studies of inter-religious relations at [[Nanyang Technological University|NTU]], ambassador to [[Algeria]] and ex-president of [[Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura|MUIS]]</small>
|-
|'''Assenter 1'''
|Ameerali Abdeali
|<small>Justice of the Peace, director of GetIT Communications, and CEO of Team6Safety Training & Consultancy</small>

|Leong Sze Hian 
|<small>Honorary chairman of Singapore Professional Centre and acting managing director of [[The Online Citizen]]</small>

|Mary Liew
|<small>President of [[National Trades Union Congress|NTUC]] and ex-NMP</small>
|-
|'''Assenter 2'''
|Ho Tian Yee
|<small>Chairman of Fullerton Fund Management, [[Mount Alvernia Hospital]], FFMC Holdings, deputy chairman of Pavilion Capital and director of Seviora Holdings</small>

|Yeo Gim Beng 
|<small>Business owner and director</small>

|[[Lim Siong Guan]]
|<small>Group president of GIC and ex-chairman of [[Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore|IRAS]], [[Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority|ACRA]], [[Economic Development Board|EDB]], and [[Central Provident Fund|CPF]]</small>
|-
|'''Assenter 3'''
|Chua Cher Choon
|<small>Ex-chairman of the [[Montfort Secondary School|Montfort School]] managing committee and ex-career banker</small>

|Manmeet Singh s/o Bahadar Singh 
|<small>Food delivery driver</small>

|[[Ho Kwon Ping]]
|<small>Founder/executive chairman of [[Banyan Tree Holdings]], executive director of Laguna Resorts & Hotels and Thai Wah</small>
|-
|'''Assenter 4'''
|[[Mohamed Salleh Marican]]
|<small>CEO of Second Chance and [[2017 Singaporean presidential election|2017]] aspirant</small>

|Vigneswari d/o V Ramachan-dran
|<small>Pre-school teacher</small>

|Kamisinah Sadar
|<small>General manager of Tasek Jurong and ex-executive director of Pertapis</small>
|-
|'''Assenter 5'''
|Margaret Chan
|<small>Philanthropist and governor emeritus of Lien Foundation</small>

|Vincent Tan Hun Cheong
|<small>Sales and business development executive</small>

|Veera Sekaran 
|<small>Professor of Biological Sciences at [[National University of Singapore|NUS]]</small>
|-
|'''Assenter 6'''
|Abdul Hamid Abdullah
|<small>Founding member of [[AMP Singapore|Assoc of Muslim Professionals]], Casa Raudha Women Home and ex-audit director of Auditor-General's Office </small>

|Chiu Shin Kong
|<small>Self employed</small>

|Hassan Ahmad
|<small>Humanitarian, special advisor to Humanity Matters and ex-CEO of [[Mercy Relief]]</small>
|-
|'''Assenter 7'''
|Tjio Hans
|<small>CJ Koh distinguished professor of law at NUS, ex-director of Centre for Banking & Finance Law and Centre for Commercial Law Studies</small>

|Chen Jun Hao
|<small>Undergraduate law student, business owner and freelancer</small>

|Kim Whye Kee
|<small>Business owner of Qi Pottery, co-founder of Beacon of Life and ex-prison inmate</small>
|-
|'''Assenter 8'''

|Angelene Chan
|<small>Chairman of [[DP Architects]]</small>

|Khuan Jia Hui
|<small>Patient clinic associate</small>

|[[Royston Tan]]
|<small>Independent film-maker</small>
|}

==Campaigning period==
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 250
| header            = 
| image1            = Holland Road, 2023-08-26.jpg
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = Campaign posters of Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Tan Kin Lian on a light pole along [[Holland Road, Singapore|Holland Road]]
| image2            = Ng Kok Song walkabout at Ang Mo Kio 20230826 - RSKY 60.jpg
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = Ng Kok Song abstained from putting up such posters, citing limited resources and sustainability issues and instead relying on social media and walkabouts
}}

Under amendments to bills of 8 March, minors under the age of 16 (previously applied to students studying in primary or secondary schools) and foreign entities (such as companies or organisations) are barred from any political involvement to prevent exploitation, though they can still participate in election-related activities such as attending rallies. Foreign individuals remained barred from involvement under previous laws.<ref name="Bill"/> The election expenditure limit is capped at either S$600,000 or 30 cents per registered voter, whichever amount is greater. The latter amount was announced on 12 August to be S$812,822.10, higher than the minimum of S$600,000. Candidates must declare their election expenses within 31 days after Polling Day.<ref>{{cite web |title=PE2023: Rallies not encouraged as they may be divisive, says ELD |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/pe2023-rallies-not-encouraged-they-may-be-divisive-says-eld |website=AsiaOne |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |date=12 August 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901055025/https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/pe2023-rallies-not-encouraged-they-may-be-divisive-says-eld |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Teng |first1=Angela |title=How Much Can Candidates Spend On The Singapore Presidential Election And How Are Expenses Calculated |url=https://dollarsandsense.sg/much-can-candidates-spend-singapore-presidential-election-expenses-calculated/ |website=DollarsAndSense.sg |access-date=1 September 2023 |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901055424/https://dollarsandsense.sg/much-can-candidates-spend-singapore-presidential-election-expenses-calculated/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===22–25 August===
The candidates gave acceptance speeches on Nomination Day.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nomination Day as it happened: The race for the Singapore presidency officially begins |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/nomination-day-singapore-presidential-election-live-3704936 |website=CNA |access-date=23 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823071908/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/nomination-day-singapore-presidential-election-live-3704936 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ng Kok Song was the first to deliver his speech. He stated that he had never been part of a political party before, and vowed that, if elected, he would protect "three treasures": past reserves, public services, and social stability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ng Kok Song urges voters to pick him as President for his experience with Singapore's reserves, political neutrality |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-presidential-election-candidate-speech-reserves-political-neutrality-3715276 |website=CNA |access-date=23 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822090758/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-presidential-election-candidate-speech-reserves-political-neutrality-3715276 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tharman Shanmugaratnam was the second to speak, pledging to have a "fair, dignified and honourable contest", and promised a campaign that "unites Singaporeans and not divide us".<ref>{{cite web |title=Tharman looking forward to 'fair, dignified, honourable' contest in Presidential Election |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-candidate-nomination-day-speech-supporters-3715266 |website=CNA |access-date=23 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822222627/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-candidate-nomination-day-speech-supporters-3715266 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tan Kin Lian was the last to give his speech, and emphasised the need to vote for a president "truly independent" of the government.<ref>{{cite web |title=I want to give Singaporeans a chance to vote for a 'truly independent' president: Tan Kin Lian |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-nomination-day-speech-supporters-3715286 |website=CNA |access-date=23 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822222627/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-nomination-day-speech-supporters-3715286 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tan also claimed that he was the target of a "[[smear campaign]]" before the nomination, with regard to his social media posts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Abdullah |first1=Zhaki |title=Tan Kin Lian addresses criticisms over Facebook posts on 'pretty girls' |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tan-kin-lian-addresses-concerns-about-facebook-posts-on-pretty-girls |website=The Straits Times |access-date=23 August 2023 |language=en |date=21 August 2023 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822224803/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tan-kin-lian-addresses-concerns-about-facebook-posts-on-pretty-girls |url-status=live }}</ref> However, he later did apologise to those who felt "uncomfortable" with his posts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tan Kin Lian apologises to those who feel 'uncomfortable' over his 'pretty girls' social media posts |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-apologises-pretty-girls-social-media-posts-3715931 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825130936/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-apologises-pretty-girls-social-media-posts-3715931 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>

Campaign posters were placed immediately following the nominations, with Tharman's posters being put up first, followed by Tan's shortly after. Only Ng abstained from doing so, citing "limited resources" and environmental concerns – instead, he announced that he would rely on social media to spread his campaign message.<ref>{{cite web |title=No posters, banners for Ng Kok Song's campaign due to 'limited resources', sustainable reasons |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-ng-kok-song-posters-banners-environmentally-friendly-lack-resources-3718126 |website=CNA |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823133512/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-ng-kok-song-posters-banners-environmentally-friendly-lack-resources-3718126 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ng began his campaigning by visiting his former residence at Kangkar (now [[Sengkang]] and located in Upper Serangoon) where he bowed down and kissed the ground,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Iau |first1=Jean |title=Presidential candidate Ng Kok Song begins campaign trail at site of childhood kampung home |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-candidate-ng-kok-song-begins-campaign-trail-at-site-of-childhood-kampung-home |website=The Straits Times |access-date=23 August 2023 |language=en |date=22 August 2023 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822224321/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-candidate-ng-kok-song-begins-campaign-trail-at-site-of-childhood-kampung-home |url-status=live }}</ref> referencing his childhood and proving that young Singaporeans can be successful regardless of background.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ng Kok Song: The boy from a fishing village who wants to be a 'politically independent' President |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-president-election-3712651 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825095046/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-president-election-3712651 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ng also visited several sites at [[Hougang]]—such as the [[Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Singapore|Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary]], [[Montfort Secondary School|Montfort School]], and Kangkar Mall—to distribute pamphlets. On the second day, Ng warned the media that the relationship between the president and the prime minister should not be "too close", as it would then be difficult for the president to discharge their duties objectively. He added that he would schedule an online rally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ng Kok Song warns against President-PM relationship that is 'too close'; difficult to carry out duties objectively |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-president-prime-minister-pm-relationship-presidential-election-3720676 |website=CNA |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824144641/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-president-prime-minister-pm-relationship-presidential-election-3720676 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 25 August, Tharman hosted an indoor rally at 24OWLS, which is located within Pasir Panjang Power Station.<ref>{{cite web |title=Police issue permit for election meeting by presidential candidate Tharman Shanmugaratnam |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/police-permit-issued-tharman-shanmugaratnam-presidential-candidate-election-meeting-town-hall-3721776 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824144109/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/police-permit-issued-tharman-shanmugaratnam-presidential-candidate-election-meeting-town-hall-3721776 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===25–30 August===
On the night of 27 August, Tan Kin Lian cancelled the remainder of his walkabouts and interviews, without giving a reason for doing so.<ref>{{Cite web |title=With 3 days of Presidential Election campaigning left, Tan Kin Lian cancels remaining walkabouts |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-cancel-walkabout-presidential-election-campaign-3729316 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828083630/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-cancel-walkabout-presidential-election-campaign-3729316 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 August, several opposition candidates and political analysts began to query Tan's being an "independent candidate" after seeing that he had received support from [[Tan Cheng Bock]] and [[Tan Jee Say]] on several media outlets, along with a [[sticker]] containing a [[Internet meme|memetic]] tagline "One Vote, Three presidents?".<ref>{{cite web |title=PE 2023: Analysts say opposition backing, '3-in-1 presidents' claim cast doubt over Tan Kin Lian's independence |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-tan-kin-lian-independent-doubt-analysts-2242211 |website=TODAY |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829040255/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-tan-kin-lian-independent-doubt-analysts-2242211 |url-status=live }}</ref> The sticker was removed as of 30 August, due to its being a violation of the campaigning guidelines under the Presidential Election Act 1991, according to ELD and Tan's team, whose principal election agent, Prabu Ramachandran, verified that the sticker was created anonymously and without authorization; unauthorized publication of physical advertising is an offence under the act.<ref>{{cite news |author=Chin Soo Fang |title='One vote, three presidents' sticker unauthorised and removed: ELD |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/one-vote-three-presidents-sticker-unauthorised-and-removed-eld |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=31 August 2023 |language=en |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831070729/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/one-vote-three-presidents-sticker-unauthorised-and-removed-eld |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 28 August, in light of Tan Cheng Bock's endorsement of Tan, Ng Kok Song questioned Tan's political independence. Ng stated that it was questionable for Tan to claim to be an independent candidate when he has been dependent on opposition party leaders, additionally accusing Tan of "making a mockery of the presidency" and that "political parties should wait for the next general election to make their point instead of confusing voters into thinking that this is a general election".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lau |first1=Jean |title=Ng Kok Song questions Tan Kin Lian's independence after Tan Cheng Bock endorsement |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/ng-kok-song-questions-tan-kin-lian-s-independence-after-tan-cheng-bock-endorsement |website=The Straits Times |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |date=28 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830024508/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/ng-kok-song-questions-tan-kin-lian-s-independence-after-tan-cheng-bock-endorsement |url-status=live }}</ref> Ng also concluded that such blatant political endorsements of Tan polarise voters by politicising the presidential election and that by doing so have "dishonoured the office of the President as a unifying non-partisan position."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ong Guang-Xi |first1=Justin |title=Opposition members' endorsement of Tan Kin Lian polarises voters by politicising Presidential Election: Ng Kok Song |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-ng-kok-song-opposition-members-endorsing-tan-kin-lian-polarise-singaporeans-politicise-3727801 |website=CNA |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828082729/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-ng-kok-song-opposition-members-endorsing-tan-kin-lian-polarise-singaporeans-politicise-3727801 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 29 August, the [[Progress Singapore Party]] (PSP) responded that they had "denied any claims" and insisted that they would "neither endorse nor support any candidates" even when party volunteers received an email to register as counting agents for Tan,<ref>{{cite web |title=PSP says it won't endorse any presidential candidate after volunteers receive email to sign up as counting agents |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-psp-does-not-endorse-any-candidate-email-volunteers-tan-kin-lian-3731416 |website=CNA |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829053650/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-psp-does-not-endorse-any-candidate-email-volunteers-tan-kin-lian-3731416 |url-status=live }}</ref> whose endorsements can negatively influence the party, according to their central executive committee (CEC) members.<ref>{{cite web |title=PE 2023: PSP assures concerned members it's 'personal choice' for founder Tan Cheng Bock to back Tan Kin Lian |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-psp-assures-members-tan-cheng-bock-tan-kin-lian-2243006?cid=internal_inarticlelinks_web_29082023_tdy |website=TODAY |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829161951/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-psp-assures-members-tan-cheng-bock-tan-kin-lian-2243006?cid=internal_inarticlelinks_web_29082023_tdy |url-status=live }}</ref> On the same day, Ng reiterated the meaning of non-partisan to the media during his walkabout at [[Marine Parade]], that Singaporeans do not want a president "who's manipulated by either the governing party or by the opposition parties", in their response to Tan's endorsements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singaporeans do not want a President who is 'manipulated' by political parties: Ng Kok Song |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-ng-kok-song-singaporeans-dont-want-president-manipulated-political-parties-3731621 |website=CNA |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829083851/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-ng-kok-song-singaporeans-dont-want-president-manipulated-political-parties-3731621 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tharman Shanmugaratnam responded on media during a walkabout at Sengkang that he found it "absurd" and concerning that his rivals are "increasingly sweeping statements" pertaining to being non-partisan, to which Ng replied that he was "misquoted". Tharman urged the voters to take this seriously and felt "very unfortunate" when voters spoil their votes in response to politicisation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tharman says Ng Kok Song misquoted him & calls 'increasingly sweeping statements' worrying |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/08/tharman-misquoted-partisan/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830030922/https://mothership.sg/2023/08/tharman-misquoted-partisan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Later that evening, a police report was lodged against a man on a bicycle who disrupted and heckled Ng and his team while Ng conducted his walkabout at [[Clementi, Singapore|Clementi]]. The man had attempted to ram people with his bicycle, launched into an expletive-laden rant, and then repeatedly shouted Tan's name before he left the scene. Nobody was hurt during the incident, and Ng encouraged people to "behave in a respectful manner".<ref>{{cite web |title=Police called after man disrupts Ng Kok Song's Clementi walkabout, shouting profanities |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-walkabout-disrupted-man-bicycle-clementi-central-3732521 |website=CNA |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829145255/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-walkabout-disrupted-man-bicycle-clementi-central-3732521 |url-status=live }}</ref> The man surrendered himself to the police the next day, claiming that he had posed a danger to himself with intentions to [[self-harm]]. He was sent to the [[Institute of Mental Health (Singapore)|Institute of Mental Health]] (IMH). Subsequently, security for Ng and his team was enhanced, while the video went viral.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Begum |first1=Shabana |title=Man who disrupted Ng Kok Song's walkabout taken to IMH, police assessed he posed danger to himself |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/man-who-disrupted-ng-kok-song-s-walkabout-taken-to-imh-after-police-assessed-he-posed-danger-to-himself |website=The Straits Times |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141237/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/man-who-disrupted-ng-kok-song-s-walkabout-taken-to-imh-after-police-assessed-he-posed-danger-to-himself |url-status=live }}</ref> Elsewhere, Tan's seconder [[Lim Tean]] adjourned his court trial on charges of acting as an advocate or solicitor in an unauthorized manner in 2021, which was initially scheduled for 29 August, after he dismissed his lawyer citing "fundamental disagreements", and to avoid conflicts with the election. District Judge Ong Hian Sun told Lim to find a new lawyer by the next day or represent himself in the trial.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lim Tean seeks to adjourn trial, dismisses lawyer & says he's busy with PE2023 |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/08/lim-tean-push-trial-fires-lawyer-busy-with-pe/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830000316/https://mothership.sg/2023/08/lim-tean-push-trial-fires-lawyer-busy-with-pe/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Shaffiq Alkhatib|title=Lim Tean seeks trial adjournment after discharging lawyer, says he's busy with presidential campaign |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/lawyer-lim-tean-who-is-accused-of-multiple-offences-asks-for-trial-to-be-adjourned |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |date=29 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830014704/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/lawyer-lim-tean-who-is-accused-of-multiple-offences-asks-for-trial-to-be-adjourned |url-status=live }}</ref> On the same day, activist and lawyer [[M Ravi]] filed a separate lawsuit with the [[Supreme Court of Singapore|Supreme Court]], in an attempt to disqualify Tharman from the candidacy, citing a breach in the constitution's Article 19 due to Tharman's conviction under the [[Official Secrets Act#Singapore|Official Secrets Act]].<ref>{{cite web |title=M Ravi Files Supreme Court Application Declaring Tharman Unfit For Presidency, Cites Prior Conviction |url=https://mustsharenews.com/m-ravi-tharman-presidency/ |website=Must Share News – Independent News For Singaporeans |access-date=1 September 2023 |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831141101/https://mustsharenews.com/m-ravi-tharman-presidency/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ravi revealed the following day that the Court dismissed the application and ordered Ravi to pay costs of S$6,000.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ang |first1=Matthias |title=High Court dismisses M Ravi's application to disqualify Tharman from PE2023, orders him to pay S$6,000 costs |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/m-ravi-disqualify/ |website=Mothership |access-date=2 September 2023 |date=1 September 2023}}</ref>

On 30 August, the leading opposition party, the [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Workers' Party]] (WP), reiterated its objection to the elected presidency in favour of a return to a ceremonial presidency – where the president is appointed by Parliament – and stated that it would not endorse any candidate in the presidential election.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yufeng |first1=Kok |title=Workers' Party does not endorse any presidential candidate; reiterates objection to elected post |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/workers-party-not-endorsing-any-presidential-candidate-reiterates-objection-to-elected-post |website=The Straits Times |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141237/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/workers-party-not-endorsing-any-presidential-candidate-reiterates-objection-to-elected-post |url-status=live }}</ref> The party added that the qualifying criteria for presidential candidates is "skewed towards [[People's Action Party]] (PAP)–approved candidates", and the "elected presidency in its current form undermines [[parliamentary democracy]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Workers' Party not endorsing any candidate in presidential election |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/workers-party-endorsement-presidential-election-candidate-qualifying-criteria-3733941 |website=CNA |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830131030/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/workers-party-endorsement-presidential-election-candidate-qualifying-criteria-3733941 |url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, screenshots depicting the Reserves & Investment (R&I) Directorate list of employees showing Akilan Shanmugaratnam, the son of Tharman, working as a Finance Ministry officer since June 2022, went viral on social media. In response to the possibility of a [[conflict of interest]], if Tharman wins the presidency, the [[Ministry of Finance (Singapore)|Ministry of Finance]] and [[Public Service Commission (Singapore)|Public Service Commission]] Secretariat simultaneously commented that there was "no conflict of interest between Tharman's candidacy in the presidential elections and his son Akilan", and that their decision to rotate his post back in July was to "preempt any possible such conflicts".<ref>{{cite web |title=No conflict of interest between Tharman's candidacy and his son's Finance Ministry role: MOF, PSC |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-son-finance-ministry-no-conflict-interest-presidential-election-3734911 |website=CNA |access-date=31 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831011043/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-son-finance-ministry-no-conflict-interest-presidential-election-3734911 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The candidates wrapped up their campaigns<ref>{{cite news |author=Goh Yan Han |title=Presidential candidates out and about on final day of hustings; second broadcast aired |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-candidates-out-and-about-on-final-day-of-hustings-second-broadcast-aired |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=31 August 2023 |language=en |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831011356/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-candidates-out-and-about-on-final-day-of-hustings-second-broadcast-aired |url-status=live }}</ref> on the last day prior to the cooling-off day, with Ng and Tan respectively visiting [[Sengkang]] and [[Hougang]], with Ng visiting the sub-region of [[Kovan, Singapore|Lorong Ah Soo]] and the [[Foo Hai Ch'an Monastery]] before ending at Kopitiam Square in Sengkang,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ying |first1=Lee Li |title=Ng Kok Song resumes walkabouts, beefs up security after heckling incident |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/ng-kok-song-resumes-walkabouts-beefs-up-security-after-heckling-incident |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=31 August 2023 |language=en |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831041650/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/ng-kok-song-resumes-walkabouts-beefs-up-security-after-heckling-incident |url-status=live }}</ref> while Tan was at Hougang Central.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tan |first1=Judith |title=Tan Kin Lian says support from opposition leaders does not politicise presidential election |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tan-kin-lian-says-support-from-opposition-leaders-does-not-politicise-presidential-election |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=31 August 2023 |language=en |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831041650/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tan-kin-lian-says-support-from-opposition-leaders-does-not-politicise-presidential-election |url-status=live }}</ref> Tharman visited [[Marine Parade]], including the Marine Parade Central Market and Food Centre.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shafeeq |first1=Syarafana |title=Tharman stresses growing role of presidency, hopes S'poreans remember individual track records |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tharman-stresses-growing-role-of-presidency-hopes-s-poreans-remember-individual-track-records |website=The Straits Times |access-date=31 August 2023 |language=en |date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831011750/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tharman-stresses-growing-role-of-presidency-hopes-s-poreans-remember-individual-track-records |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{clear}}

===Television broadcasts===
Times are [[Singapore Standard Time]] (SST), which is [[UTC+08:00]].
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
!Date
! Event
|-
|24 August
| First Presidential Candidate Broadcast
|-
|28 August
|[[CNA (TV network)|CNA]] Presidential Forum
|-
|30 August
| Second Presidential Candidate Broadcast
|}

{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! Language
! Time
! Channels/Radio stations<ref>{{cite news |author=Goh Yan HanPolitical |title=Presidential candidate broadcasts to air on Aug 24 and Aug 30 evenings |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-candidate-broadcasts-to-air-on-aug-24-and-30-evenings |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=23 August 2023 |language=en |date=23 August 2023 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824002537/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/presidential-candidate-broadcasts-to-air-on-aug-24-and-30-evenings |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2| English
| 19:00
| CNA, [[CNA938]], [[MONEY FM 89.3]], ONE FM 91.3, Kiss92, [[Power 98 (radio station)|Power 98]]
|-
| rowspan=2| 21:30
| [[Channel 5 (Singapore)|Channel 5]], [[Gold 905]], [[Class 95 (radio station)|Class 95]]
|-
| Malay
| [[Suria (TV channel)|Suria]], [[Warna 942]]
|-
| Tamil
| 21:00
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Vasantham]], [[Oli 968]]
|-
| rowspan=2|Mandarin Chinese
| 22:30
| [[Channel 8 (Singapore)|Channel 8]], [[Capital 958]], 96.3 Hao FM, [[UFM100.3]] and [[883Jia]] 
|-
| 23:30
| [[Channel U (Singapore)|Channel U]]
|}

====First Presidential Candidate Broadcast====
The first of the two rounds of the Presidential Candidate Broadcast was held on 24 August; the order of the candidates appearing in this round was based on the alphabetical order of their surnames.<ref>{{cite web |title='Ownself check ownself', diversity of views, not just scholars for top jobs: Ng Kok Song, Tharman and Tan Kin Lian deliver PCB speeches |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-tharman-tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-broadcast-election |website=AsiaOne |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |date=24 August 2023 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824143820/https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-tharman-tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-broadcast-election |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Watch: Singapore presidential candidate broadcast |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/watch-presidential-candidate-broadcast-election-tv-cna-3718426 |website=CNA |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824143819/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/watch-presidential-candidate-broadcast-election-tv-cna-3718426 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ng said that "the time has come" for a president to be fully non-partisan and said that he was neither endorsed nor represented by a political party, specifically the ruling People's Action Party. He said that the president's role would serve as a "constitutional check" on a bad government that might raid the country's reserves, or appoint incompetent or corrupt individuals to key public-service positions. He added that Singapore can "no longer take for granted" that it will always have a "good and honest" government, adding that there is a need for external checks, as with good corporate governance, and that an "ownself check ownself" system is not reliable. He also pledged to "Do Well, Do Right and Do Good" to provide resilience of body and mind.<ref>{{cite web |title=The time has come for a non-partisan President, says Ng Kok Song in presidential candidate broadcast |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-presidential-candidate-broadcast-time-non-partisan-president-3721061 |website=CNA |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824143821/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-presidential-candidate-broadcast-time-non-partisan-president-3721061 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tharman said that he would bring his ideal of "independence of mind" and "respect", should he be elected, and that he wanted to become a "unifying figure at home and to advance Singapore's interests abroad". He added that modern-day Singapore's democracy, as well as the current political climate in the world, were diverse but also challenging at times, concerning a political divide. He also had plans to voice views in Singapore so as to prove that Singapore would "never become just another small country" and said that he was an "optimist in our future".<ref>{{cite web |title=In presidential candidate broadcast, Tharman vows to bring 'independence of mind' as President |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-tharman-shanmugaratnam-broadcast-message-3720281 |website=CNA |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824143819/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-tharman-shanmugaratnam-broadcast-message-3720281 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tan highlighted two key duties of the president, given his 30 years prior experience as a CEO of [[Income Insurance|NTUC Income Insurance Cooperative]]. One, to safeguard Singapore's reserves, he intends to invest "prudently" with the support of the [[Government of Singapore|government]] for the benefit of Singaporeans. Two, to protect the integrity of public service. He values the efforts of, and emphasises the need for, talented people with many years of working experience and possessing practical skills, not just scholars, to form a good team, and that he would give such people the opportunity to be promoted to leadership positions. He also stated that he did not intend to be an "adversary to the elected government", but said that he would collaborate more with the government and reiterated his belief in the "spirit of unity and pride", as well as connecting with ordinary people and "their hardship and aspirations".<ref>{{cite web |title=Vital to have different types of people in public service, not just scholars: Tan Kin Lian in presidential candidate broadcast |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-broadcast-public-service-different-people-scholars-3721046 |website=CNA |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824143822/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-broadcast-public-service-different-people-scholars-3721046 |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to the broadcast, both ELD and the [[Infocomm Media Development Authority]] had amended Tan's script by removing some inaccuracies, specifically on the president's role and on soliciting voters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tan Kin Lian takes issue with edits to broadcast speech; IMDA, ELD cite 'inaccuracies' on President's role |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-imda-eld-president-role-inaccuracies-remove-3721546 |website=CNA |access-date=24 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824145209/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-imda-eld-president-role-inaccuracies-remove-3721546 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====CNA Presidential Forum====
The [[CNA (TV network)|CNA]] forum was held on 28 August at about 21:09, with Otelli Edwards hosting. Eight questions are asked of three candidates in order, each making closing statements:<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch: Singapore presidential candidates make pitch for votes in televised forum |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidential-election-forum-candidates-watch-live-3724341 |access-date=28 August 2023 |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828165154/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidential-election-forum-candidates-watch-live-3724341 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Looking at candidates' political ties 'simplistic', rules out even senior civil servants, says Tharman in presidential forum |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/president-election-forum-political-ties-ng-kok-song-tharman-shanmugaratnam-tan-kin-lian-3730021 |website=CNA |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829000522/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/president-election-forum-political-ties-ng-kok-song-tharman-shanmugaratnam-tan-kin-lian-3730021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

* What experience and expertise do you possess, that make you the most qualified candidate to be the President?
* Beyond what the Government tells you, what [[Reserve power|factors]] would you consider before using the [[Separation of powers|second key]] to the [[Reserves of the Government of Singapore|Past Reserves]]?
* How can you convince voters you are not [[Politicization|politicising]] the election and will exercise your powers without fear or favour?
* What unique traits do you possess that will help you [[Foreign relations of Singapore|represent Singapore on the global stage]]?
* What role would you play as president to build a more inclusive and compassionate society?
* How do you plan to connect with young Singaporeans and involve them in writing the next chapter of the Singapore story?
* Beyond your ceremonial and community roles, how do you intend to be a unifying figure for the nation?
* What major challenges will Singapore face and how will you, within the [[Powers of the President of Singapore|powers of the President]], help Singaporeans to cope?

The forum was [[rerun]] on [[Channel 5 (Singaporean TV channel)|Channel 5]] at 21:00 the day after, 29 August.

====Second Presidential Candidate Broadcast====
The second of the two rounds of the Presidential Candidate Broadcast was held on 30 August; the order of the candidates appearing in this round of broadcast was reversed from the first round.<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch: Second Singapore presidential candidate broadcast |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/watch-presidential-candidate-broadcast-second-election-tv-cna-3731226 |website=CNA |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141239/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/watch-presidential-candidate-broadcast-second-election-tv-cna-3731226 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tan Kin Lian acknowledged that the president has no executive authority over day-to-day issues, particularly those affecting younger people, but that he could focus on using "soft influence" to encourage change, hoping to "achieve our common goals for the benefit of Singapore". Furthermore, he publicly apologised in response to the criticism he had received over his social media posts about women from some sectors of the public, specifically from the [[Association of Women for Action and Research]] (AWARE). He added that he would be "more mindful of what I say" going forward. Tan also highlighted that one could factor his experience as president from making "sound investment decisions" at NTUC Income and from representing the country in an international insurance federation.<ref>{{cite web |title=No executive authority but I can use 'soft influence', says Tan Kin Lian in final presidential candidate broadcast |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-broadcast-soft-influence-3734196 |website=CNA |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830130959/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-broadcast-soft-influence-3734196 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tharman highlighted his track record of connecting with people from all backgrounds in his former Taman Jurong division of [[Jurong GRC]], from when he was a member of parliament (MP) of the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) for 22 years—his ministerial positions including being [[Ministry of Finance (Singapore)|Minister of Finance]], [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]], and [[Senior Minister of Singapore|Senior Minister]]—and from his experience working with international organisations such as the [[G20]], the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF), the United Nations (UN), and the [[World Economic Forum]] (WEF). He also mentioned that the demands on the president have increased due to the "new and challenging future" where Singaporeans faced an increasing trend of "profound global risks and uncertainties", and to "differentiate him from an actual partisan candidate", stressing that his motives, despite his political background, have "never been politically partisan".<ref>{{cite web |title=In final presidential candidate broadcast, Tharman points to track record of working on the ground in Jurong |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-final-presidential-candidate-broadcast-people-all-backgrounds-3734271 |website=CNA |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830130938/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-final-presidential-candidate-broadcast-people-all-backgrounds-3734271 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ng warned that politics in Singapore have become "highly contestable". He added that the country cannot afford to have a president who may be beholden to political parties, to serve their agenda, and reiterated the flaw in relying on an "ownself check ownself" mechanism. He believed the current generational transition of the ruling [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) government carries "uncertainties and risks" which have been due to scandals plaguing the party over the past month – such as the arrests of Transport Minister [[S Iswaran]] over allegations of corruption, and the resignations of MPs [[Tan Chuan-Jin]] and [[Cheng Li Hui]] over an extramarital affair. He also alluded to Tharman, by questioning whether it is appropriate for an ex-finance minister who "had set fiscal policies to then move across the table and become the president and be a check on the very policies that he had put in place". He also brought up the 1984 [[National Day Rally]] speech of then Prime Minister [[Lee Kuan Yew]], stating that Singaporeans should be aware of "silver-tongued politicians who make empty promises". He concluded that Singapore needs a truly independent president, like himself, to break from its past of having a president always endorsed by the PAP, to protect the country's reserves from being squandered by a potential rogue government.<ref>{{cite web |title='No longer a remote possibility' for Singapore to have 'wrong team' in charge: Ng Kok Song in final broadcast |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-final-broadcast-speech-wrong-team-remote-possibility-3734116 |website=CNA |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141302/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-final-broadcast-speech-wrong-team-remote-possibility-3734116 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Social media===
All social media events and campaigning occurred in 2023, unless otherwise stated, and are listed in chronological order.
{|class="wikitable sortable" width=100% style="font-size:90%"
|-
! style=width:4em; "text-align:left"| '''Date'''
! style="text-align:left"|'''Event'''
! style="text-align:center"| '''{{abbr|NKS|Ng Kok Song}}'''
! style="text-align:center"| '''{{abbr|TKL|Tan Kin Lian}}'''
! style="text-align:center"| '''{{abbr|TS|Tharman Shanmugaratnam}}'''
! style="text-align:left"| '''Method'''
! style="text-align:left"| '''Venue/Social Media Channel'''
! style="text-align:left"| '''Source'''
|-
| 17 August
| TDK Podcast No. 234
|    ✔
|
|
| Online
| Grvty Media/YouTube-The Daily Ketchup Podcast
| <ref>{{Citation |title=Ng Kok Song: The Man Who Built Singapore's National Reserves {{!}} TDK Podcast #234 | date=17 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boNXbaRpFPw |access-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827230518/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boNXbaRpFPw |url-status=live |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2023}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 23 August
| PE2023 Full Interview Podcast
|
| ✔
|
| Online
| YouTube-Zyrup Media
| <ref>{{Citation |title=PE2023 FULL Interview with Tan Kin Lian {{!}} Political Prude Ep 4 | date=22 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6lVGmgghg8 |access-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827024036/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6lVGmgghg8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 23 August
| PE2023 Full Interview Podcast
|
|
| ✔
| Online
| YouTube-Zyrup Media
| <ref>{{Citation |title=PE2023 FULL Interview with Tharman Shanmugaratnam {{!}} Political Prude Ep 2 | date=22 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTxFjdKKA-g |access-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827024036/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTxFjdKKA-g&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 23 August
| PE2023 Full Interview Podcast
| ✔
|
|
| Online
| YouTube-Zyrup Media
| <ref>{{Citation |title=PE2023 FULL Interview with Ng Kok Song {{!}} Political Prude Ep 5 | date=22 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PotJyfXPeRE |access-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827024035/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PotJyfXPeRE |url-status=live |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 24 August
| CNA Speaks to Presidential Candidate
| ✔
|
|
| Televised
| Mediacorp/YouTube's CNA channel
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ng Kok Song: The boy from a fishing village who wants to be a 'politically independent' President |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-president-election-3712651 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825095046/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ng-kok-song-president-election-3712651 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 25 August||Election Meeting
|
|
| ✔
| Physical
| Pasir Panjang Power Station
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2023 |title=Tharman believes S'pore is ready for a non-Chinese PM |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/tharman-believes-spore-ready-non-chinese-pm |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=businesstimes.com.sg |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827024039/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/tharman-believes-spore-ready-non-chinese-pm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 25 August
| NUSS Meet The Presidential Candidate
| ✔
|
|
| Hybrid
| NUSS Guide House/YouTube-Ng Kok Song
| <ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ying |first1=Lee Li |last2=Begum |first2=Shabana |date=26 August 2023 |title=Trust and sincerity key to voters' hearts: Ng Kok Song |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/trust-and-sincerity-key-to-voters-hearts-ng-kok-song |access-date=2023-08-28 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141849/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/trust-and-sincerity-key-to-voters-hearts-ng-kok-song |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 25 August
| CNA Speaks to Presidential Candidate
|
|
| ✔
| Televised
| Mediacorp/YouTube's CNA channel
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tharman Shanmugaratnam: The student activist who wants to bring his 'practical idealism' to the presidency |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-tharman-shanmugaratnam-president-interview-3712791 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141310/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-tharman-shanmugaratnam-president-interview-3712791 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 25 August
| TDK Podcast No. 236
|
| ✔
|
| Online
| Grvty Media/YouTube-The Daily Ketchup Podcast
| <ref>{{Citation |title=Tan Kin Lian's FAMILY Didn't Want Him To Run For President??? {{!}} TDK Podcast No. 236 | date=25 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZa4ClayLoY |access-date=2023-08-28 |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827024036/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZa4ClayLoY&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 26 August
| NUSS Meet The Presidential Candidate
|
| ✔
|
| Hybrid
| NUSS Guide House/Facebook-Tan Kin Lian
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Tan |first=Judith |date=26 August 2023 |title=Singapore should return to having Parliament appoint president: Tan Kin Lian |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singapore-should-return-to-having-parliament-appoint-president-tan-kin-lian |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141801/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/singapore-should-return-to-having-parliament-appoint-president-tan-kin-lian |archive-date=30 August 2023 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>
|-
| 26 August
| CNA Speaks to Presidential Candidate
|
| ✔
|
| Televised
| [[Mediacorp]]/YouTube's CNA channel
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tan Kin Lian: From leaving school and supporting his family to representing 'ordinary people' |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-ntuc-income-chief-3713406 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827024038/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-candidate-ntuc-income-chief-3713406 |archive-date=27 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 27 August
| Ask The Next President Anything
| ✔
|
| ✔
| Online
| SPH Media/YouTube-The Straits Times
| <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/mental-health-corruption-among-issues-raised-by-youth-in-st-s-ask-the-next-president-anything-show |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141800/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/mental-health-corruption-among-issues-raised-by-youth-in-st-s-ask-the-next-president-anything-show |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023 |title=Mental health, corruption among issues raised by youth in ST's Ask The Next President Anything show  |first1=Tham |last1=Yuen-C |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=2023-08-27}}</ref>
|-
| 28 August
| Presidential Forum
| ✔
| ✔
| ✔
| Televised
| Mediacorp/YouTube's CNA channel
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidential candidates pitch strengths, ideas in televised forum |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/economy-policy/presidential-candidates-pitch-strengths-ideas-televised-forum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141759/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/economy-policy/presidential-candidates-pitch-strengths-ideas-televised-forum |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023 |first1=Renald |last1=Yeo|date=28 August 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| 30 August
| TDK Podcast No. 238
|
|
| ✔
| Online
| Grvty Media/YouTube-The Daily Ketchup Podcast
| <ref>{{Citation |title=Tharman Shanmugaratnam CONFRONTS His PAP Past? {{!}} TDK Podcast No. 238 | date=30 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXmDPOYjD8I |access-date=2023-09-01 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Campaign expenditures===
On 20 October, the presidential candidates' expenditure reports were published by the Elections Department. According to the reports, Tharman had spent S$738,717, Ng S$312,131, and Tan S$71,366.<ref name="Expenditure">{{cite web |title=President Tharman spent over S$700,000 on election campaign, highest among candidates |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-spending-tharman-700000-ng-kok-song-tan-kin-lian-3860321 |website=CNA |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Who spent what: 5 things we learnt from the expense filings of the Presidential Election candidates |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidential-election-eld-expense-report-tharman-ng-kok-song-tan-kin-lian-3860806 |website=CNA |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> By comparison, in the previous presidential election in 2017, which was not contested, sole candidate Yacob had reported spending S$220,875.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Halimah Yacob spent more than S$220,000 on election campaign |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/president-halimah-yacob-spent-more-s220000-election-campaign-993446 |website=CNA |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Tharman also reported the receipt of about S$800,000 in donations from eight different donors, and stated in his expenditure report that the unspent amounts would be returned to their respective donors. Tan received donations amounting to about S$41,800 from about 120 donors, and reported that Tan Cheng Bock and Chee Soon Juan were not amongst his donors. Ng financed his campaign using his own personal funds and therefore did not report having received any donations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who spent what: 5 things we learnt from the expense filings of the Presidential Election candidates |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-presidential-election-eld-expense-report-tharman-ng-kok-song-tan-kin-lian-3860806 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President Tharman spent over S$700,000 on election campaign, highest among candidates |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-spending-tharman-700000-ng-kok-song-tan-kin-lian-3860321 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>

===Cooling-off day controversy===
On 2 October, the Elections Department reported that they had filed police reports on both [[M Ravi]] and [[Iris Koh]], the founders of anti-vaccination activist group Healing the Divide, for repeatedly publishing online election advertising on [[TikTok]] and [[Facebook]] during both the cooling-off period and Polling Day, when campaigning and advertising are strictly prohibited. According to media reports, Koh had also accused journalists of bias whilst at Tan's residence after polls closed. The assistant Returning Officer of the Elections Department issued correction requests to [[TikTok]] and [[Meta Platforms|Meta]], and all the relevant videos posted by them were removed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Police reports filed against Iris Koh, M Ravi for potentially breaking Presidential Election cooling-off rules |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/iris-koh-m-ravi-presidential-election-cooling-period-police-3813681 |website=CNA |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Polling==
[[File:2023 Singaporean presidential elections polling station in a void deck 01.jpg|thumb|Voters queuing up to vote at a polling station for the next president]]

Polling Day was on 1 September 2023, and polling stations were open from 08:00 to 20:00 [[Singapore Standard Time|SST]] ([[UTC+08:00]]). As with elections since [[2015 Singaporean general election|2015]], a [[Sampling (statistics)|sample count]] was released by the Elections Department prior to the announcement of the actual results to prevent any unnecessary speculation or reliance on unofficial sources of information while counting was still under way.<ref>{{cite news |author=Goh Yan Han |title=When will the sample count for presidential election be announced? How does it work? |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/askst-how-does-the-sample-count-for-the-presidential-election-work |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901103041/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/askst-how-does-the-sample-count-for-the-presidential-election-work |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CNA Explains: Sample counts, invalid votes and recounts – what you need to know about PE2023 Polling Day |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-vote-counting-recounts-polling-day-3734416 |website=CNA |access-date=31 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831004506/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-vote-counting-recounts-polling-day-3734416 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eld.gov.sg/mediarelease/ELD_SampleCount_1Sep.pdf |title=eld.gov.sg |access-date=12 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926155923/http://www.eld.gov.sg/mediarelease/ELD_SampleCount_1Sep.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A standby counting machine was also used in the event of an [[election recount]], which is automatically triggered when the top two candidates have a winning margin of within 2%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GUIDE FOR COUNTING AGENTS FOR GENERAL ELECTION 2020|url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/pdf/GE2020/Guide_for_Counting_Agents_for_General_Election_2020.pdf|access-date=1 July 2020|website=elections department|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708122355/https://www.eld.gov.sg/pdf/GE2020/Guide_for_Counting_Agents_for_General_Election_2020.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the newspaper ''[[Lianhe Zaobao]]'', a viral image surfaced online, during the polling, where one of the polling stations had refused entry to a female voter who was wearing a shirt with pineapple prints,<ref>{{cite web |title=PE2023: Woman in t-shirt printed with some 100 pineapples apparently turned away from polling station |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/pe2023-pineapple-t-shirt/ |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=mothership.sg |language=en}}</ref> which amounted to political propaganda and canvassing, which were legally forbidden during cooling-off and polling days.<ref>{{cite web |title=ELD {{!}} Do's and Don'ts of Voting |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/voters_dosdonts.html |website=www.eld.gov.sg |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref>

By 12:00, four hours after the polls opened, 1,406,182 Singaporeans, representing about 52% of the electorate, had cast their votes.<ref name="TodayOnline20230901">{{Cite web |title=PE 2023: ELD advises public to vote later in the day amid morning queue 'build-up', e-registration system glitches |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-eld-advises-public-vote-later-day-amid-morning-queue-build-e-registration-system-glitches-2245076 |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=TODAY |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901103338/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-eld-advises-public-vote-later-day-amid-morning-queue-build-e-registration-system-glitches-2245076 |url-status=live }}</ref> That number had increased to 2,004,961 (74%) as of 15:00,<ref>{{cite web |title=74% of eligible S'poreans cast votes in PE2023 as of 3pm |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/voter-turnout-pe2023-3pm/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901081518/https://mothership.sg/2023/09/voter-turnout-pe2023-3pm/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and to 2,302,996 (85%) as of 17:00.<ref>{{cite web |title=85% of eligible S'poreans cast votes in PE2023 as of 5pm |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/voter-turnout-pe2023-5pm/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902014743/https://mothership.sg/2023/09/voter-turnout-pe2023-5pm/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Results ==
Sample counts were announced at about 22:42 and showed that Tharman Shanmugaratnam was leading with 70% of the votes, followed by Ng Kok Song with 16%, and Tan Kin Lian with 14%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore presidential poll: counting begins in vote seen as test of PAP support |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3233151/singapore-presidential-poll-counting-begins-vote-viewed-test-pap-support |website=South China Morning Post |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901121635/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3233151/singapore-presidential-poll-counting-begins-vote-viewed-test-pap-support |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PE2023 sample count: Tharman tentatively victorious with 70% of votes |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/pe2023-sample-count/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901162114/https://mothership.sg/2023/09/pe2023-sample-count/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At about 23:15, Ng [[concession (politics)|conceded]] during a press conference and congratulated Tharman, stating that there was a clear result and there was no need to wait for the final results.<ref>{{cite web |title=PE 2023: Ng Kok Song concedes defeat to Tharman after 'clear result' in sample count |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-ng-kok-song-concedes-defeat-tharman-after-clear-result-sample-count-2245601 |website=TODAY |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901155819/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-ng-kok-song-concedes-defeat-tharman-after-clear-result-sample-count-2245601 |url-status=live }}</ref> At about 23:30, Tan congratulated Tharman, but refused to concede until the actual results were announced.<ref>{{cite web |title=PE 2023: Tan Kin Lian doesn't concede defeat after sample count, but congratulates Tharman for 'success in contest' |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-tan-kin-lian-not-ready-concede-defeat-sample-count-tharman-2245611 |website=TODAY |access-date=1 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901155818/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-tan-kin-lian-not-ready-concede-defeat-sample-count-tharman-2245611 |url-status=live }}</ref> The local results were announced at about 00:23 the next day.<ref name="Overseas">{{cite web |title=Tharman wins 76% of overseas votes cast in Singapore's Presidential Election |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-singapore-presidential-election-overseas-votes-3763876 |website=CNA |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>

The final turnout (excluding the overseas electorate) was 2,530,912 (93.41%), lower than [[2011 Singaporean presidential election|2011]]'s and [[2020 Singaporean general election|2020]]'s turnouts of 94.80% and 95.81%, respectively. The Elections Department published the overseas vote count on 12 September. Only 3,799 votes were accepted for counting, of which only 78 votes were rejected. Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Ng Kok Song, and Tan Kin Lian garnered 2,834, 595, and 292 votes, respectively, which saw only a 0.01% change in Tharman's and Tan's respective voting percentages. ELD also said that 2,997 [[postal voting|postal votes]] had been downloaded and 2,263 mails were received as of the cut-off date of 11 September, of which only 1,345 had been accepted.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Iau |first1=Jean |title=2 in 5 postal votes for presidential election that arrived on time disallowed for counting: ELD |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/2-in-5-postal-votes-for-presidential-election-that-arrived-on-time-disallowed-for-counting-eld |website=The Straits Times |access-date=26 September 2023 |language=en |date=18 September 2023}}</ref> The final turnout was 2,534,711, increasing its percentage by 0.14%, from 93.41% to 93.55%.<ref name="Overseas ELD" /><ref name="Overseas" />

The final results are as follows:

<onlyinclude>{{Election results
|cand1=[[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]]|votes1=1749261
|cand2=[[Ng Kok Song]]|votes2=390636
|cand3=[[Tan Kin Lian]]|votes3=344584
|invalid=50230
|electorate=2709455
|source=<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-elected-singapores-9th-president-704-landslide|title=Tharman Shanmugaratnam elected as Singapore's 9th president in 70.4% landslide|work=Business Times|date=2 September 2023|first=Tessa|last=Oh|access-date=1 September 2023|archive-date=2 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902014744/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-elected-singapores-9th-president-704-landslide|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-more-than-27-million-eligible-to-vote|title=Presidential Election 2023: More than 2.7 million eligible to vote|date=2 September 2023|first=Aqil|last=Hamzah|work=The Straits Times|access-date=18 August 2023|archive-date=30 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830140253/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-more-than-27-million-eligible-to-vote|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Overseas ELD">{{cite web |title=PRESS RELEASE TOTAL VOTES CAST FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2023 |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/press/2023/PR%20on%20Total%20Votes%20Cast%20for%20PE2023.pdf |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Reactions==

===Domestic===
On 2 September 2023, shortly after the announcement of the election results, Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] congratulated Tharman Shanmugaratnam on his election, citing confidence in Tharman's ability to carry out his new duties as president "with distinction" and intention to work closely with the government. Lee also thanked the two losing candidates for their participation, the election officials for their hard work, and overseas voters for fulfilling their civic duty. Now that the election was over, Lee urged Singapore to "tackle the challenges ahead and build a stronger and more united nation".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shafeeq |first=Syarafana |date=2 September 2023 |title=PM Lee congratulates Tharman on winning presidency by 'decisive margin' |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/pm-lee-congratulates-tharman-on-winning-presidency-by-decisive-margin |access-date=2023-09-01 |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902014817/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/pm-lee-congratulates-tharman-on-winning-presidency-by-decisive-margin |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Ministers]] [[Lawrence Wong]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Lawrence Wong congratulates Tharman on victory, calls it a 'vote of confidence in S'pore's future' |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/lawrence-wong-tharman/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> and [[Heng Swee Keat]] also congratulated Tharman in separate posts, so did Lee's wife, [[Ho Ching]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Ho Ching congratulates Tharman on 'clear mandate' |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/ho-ching-congratulates-tharman/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=3 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and his younger brother [[Lee Hsien Yang|Hsien Yang]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lee Hsien Yang congratulates President-elect Tharman, says the latter needs to be the independent president he said he would be, and speak truth to power – Singapore News |url=https://theindependent.sg/lee-hsien-yang-congratulates-president-elect-tharman/ |website=The Independent Singapore News |access-date=6 September 2023 |date=4 September 2023}}</ref>

The other candidates separately congratulated Tharman. Ng Kok Song, on his media at [[one-north]], said that he had achieved the "No. 1 goal" of allowing Singaporeans an opportunity to vote, which was his main objective while standing for the presidency. He further thanked Singaporeans for their recognition and pledged that he would continue to work with them, and also added that "non-partisanship will now enter the vocabulary of governance in Singapore".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Iau |first1=Jean |last2=Begum |first2=Shabana |last3=Tan |first3=Cheryl |title=Ng Kok Song says he achieved 'No. 1 goal' of giving S'poreans chance to vote |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/ng-kok-song-concedes-presidential-election-says-he-achieved-goal-of-giving-s-poreans-chance-to-vote |website=The Straits Times |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en |date=2 September 2023}}</ref> At his residence in [[Yio Chu Kang]], Tan Kin Lian announced that he would, on his family's advice, "take things easy", and thanked his supporters and the opposition figures who were present for their support. He would continue to reflect on his election bid and voice policy concerns.<ref name=":19">{{cite web |last1=Fang |first1=Chin Soo |last2=Devaraj |first2=Samuel |title=Tan Kin Lian says he will take things easy, spend more time with grandkids after conceding defeat |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tan-kin-lian-will-heed-family-s-advice-to-take-things-easy-spend-more-time-with-grandchildren |website=The Straits Times |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en |date=2 September 2023}}</ref>

Opposition figures also sent congratulatory messages to Tharman; [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Workers' Party]] secretary-general [[Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)|Pritam Singh]] wrote on Facebook that changes were necessary, and his party would continue to push for such, adding that the elected presidency was "well-known". He also revealed that he had worn his [[Blue-collar worker|blue-collared shirt]] during Polling Day to mark the occasion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pritam Singh Wishes Tharman Success, Reiterates WP's Views On Shortcomings Of Elected Presidency |url=https://mustsharenews.com/pritam-singh-tharman/ |website=Must Share News – Independent News For Singaporeans |access-date=3 September 2023 |date=3 September 2023}}</ref> Former presidential candidate and [[Progress Singapore Party]] (PSP) founder [[Tan Cheng Bock]] also congratulated Tharman in a Facebook post a day later, saying that Tharman's campaign was "well-organised and dignified" and saying that Tharman "is the people's choice".<ref>{{cite web |title=Tan Cheng Bock Congratulates Tharman, Says He's A Good Man With 'High Levels' Of Competence |url=https://mustsharenews.com/tan-cheng-bock-congratulates-tharman/ |website=Must Share News – Independent News For Singaporeans |access-date=3 September 2023 |date=3 September 2023}}</ref> Current PSP Secretary-general, [[Leong Mun Wai]], also congratulated Tharman and said that the election was a "testimony to the fact that Singaporean voters do not vote along racial lines". He also said that a 'race-based' [[Group Representation Constituency]] system is "no longer relevant".<ref>{{cite web |title=PSP's Leong Mun Wai congratulates Tharman on election victory, says it shows 'race-based' GRC system 'no longer relevant' |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/psp-tharman-grc-system/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=5 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Singapore Democratic Party]]'s Secretary-general [[Chee Soon Juan]] posted on [[Instagram]] to congratulate Tharman, hoping that Tharman would discharge his duties "faithfully, both in spirit and letter".<ref>{{cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cwyz1sgpv4d/?hl=en |website=instagram.com |access-date=5 September 2023}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=December 2023}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Chee Soon Juan congratulates Tharman on PE2023 win |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/chee-soon-juan-tharman-win/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=5 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Red Dot United]]'s secretary-general Ravi Philemon also congratulated Tharman, citing their team's dignified contest during the 2020 election.<ref name="RDU"/>

Several other labour unions also sent congratulatory messages to Tharman: Singapore Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry chairman and former [[Nominated Member of Parliament]] Neil Parekh wrote that the community has benefitted much from Tharman's good counsel, and would invite him as a guest-of-honour for the chamber's centenary celebrations in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore Indian business community congratulates President-elect Tharman {{!}} Politics |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/politics/2579314-singapore-indian-business-community-congratulates-president-elect-tharman |website=Devdiscourse |access-date=6 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In the early morning, the [[Taman Jurong]] Market and Food Centre was crowded in celebration of Tharman's election, with his supporters bringing out pineapples, chanting ''Ong lai huat ah'' (lit. Good Fortune), and singing the national anthem, "[[Majulah Singapura]]". Tharman visited several sites, such as Marsiling Mall (with Senior Minister of State and [[Marsiling-Yew Tee GRC|Marsiling]]'s MP [[Zaqy Mohamad]]), then [[Our Tampines Hub]], and [[HDB Hub]], to thank supporters.<ref>{{cite web |title=President-elect Tharman Shanmugaratnam thanks supporters with pineapples after election win |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-tharman-shanmugaratnam-victory-parade-thanks-supporters-pineapples-3742041 |website=CNA |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In a prior interview before results were announced, Tharman was "humbled" by how Singaporeans had trusted him for many years and called the election a "vote of optimism for a future". He also praised his rivals for having "put full effort and energy into their campaigns", and respected the voters who did not vote for him, thanking them for "following the issues closely".<ref>{{cite web |title='Vote of confidence in Singapore': Tharman on his resounding victory in the Presidential Election |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-presidential-election-sample-count-polling-day-70-3741156 |website=CNA |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Yufeng |first1=Kok |last2=Zachariah |first2=Natasha Ann |last3=Chia |first3=Osmond |title='He is going to make a clear difference as the new president': Tharman supporters jubilant after win |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/he-is-going-to-make-a-clear-difference-as-the-new-president-tharman-supporters-jubilant-after-win |website=The Straits Times |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en |date=2 September 2023}}</ref> Furthermore, he said that he had not been expecting a "high degree of endorsement" but told that there was a fair number of people who normally were against [[People's Action Party|PAP]] but who knew this was a presidential election and not a political or general election. He took notice of the generational transition and hoped that his presidency would keep it a respectful one.<ref>{{cite web |title='I did not expect such a high degree of endorsement': President-elect Tharman Shanmugaratnam |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-surprised-election-win-margin-presidential-election-3742301 |website=CNA |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> On 6 September, Jurong GRC residents voiced concerns to [[Red Dot United]], including those relating to the high [[cost of living]], [[inflation]], and the [[Goods and Services Tax (Singapore)|GST]] increasing to 9% by year's end.<ref name="RDU">{{cite web |title=Jurong GRC residents worry about rising cost of living and GST hike |date=6 September 2023 |url=https://theindependent.sg/jurong-grc-residents-shines-spotlight-on-gst-and-rising-cost-of-living/ |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>

In the food and beverage sector, several bakeries and island-wide food chains reported a boost in sales of pineapple-related food products, upon Tharman's election.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sim |first1=Sherlyn |title=Sales of pineapples, pineapple cakes spike after Tharman's win at the polls |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/sales-of-pineapples-pineapple-cakes-spike-after-tharman-s-win-at-the-polls |website=The Straits Times |access-date=3 September 2023 |language=en |date=3 September 2023}}</ref> The [[lottery]] game [[4-Digits|4D]] revealed that the three numbers 1388, 1572, and 7040, which were the respective polling percentages, [[selling out|sold out]] quickly, within five minutes after the results were announced.<ref>{{cite web |title=7040, 1572 and 1388: Why are these 4D numbers sold out? |url=https://stomp.straitstimes.com/singapore-seen/4d-numbers-of-percentages-of-votes-each-presidential-candidate-got-sold-out |website=Stomp |access-date=3 September 2023 |language=en |date=2 September 2023}}</ref> However, none of the numbers showed up on either draw that weekend.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singaporepools – Latest 4D Results |url=https://www.singaporepools.com.sg/en/product/Pages/4d_results.aspx?sppl=RHJhd051bWJlcj01MDYw |website=singaporepools.com.sg |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Singaporepools – Latest 4D Results |url=https://www.singaporepools.com.sg/en/product/Pages/4d_results.aspx?sppl=RHJhd051bWJlcj01MDYx |website=singaporepools.com.sg |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref> Shortly after the polls closed, another viral video of a toddler repeatedly exclaiming Tharman's name over Ng's had surfaced on [[TikTok]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Faisal Marican on TikTok |url=https://www.tiktok.com/@01fhm/video/7274487476675284225?is_from_webapp=1&web_id=7223001666651211265 |website=TikTok |access-date=6 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=December 2023}} The toddler's father and the uploader, Faisal Marican, thanked netizens for the video responses and informed them that [[The Istana]] had sent an invitation to the toddler.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toddler who went viral for repeatedly calling out Tharman's name on TikTok gets invited to the Istana |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/toddler-who-went-viral-repeatedly-calling-out-tharmans-name-tiktok-gets-invited-istana |website=AsiaOne |access-date=6 September 2023 |language=en |date=6 September 2023}}</ref> In the education sector, in response to the issuance of Writ of Election earlier, the [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Ministry of Education]] (MOE) announced that they would reschedule its Teacher's Day celebrations, from the original date of 1 September to 11 September, and reschedule its [[Singapore-Cambridge GCE Normal Level|GCE 'N' Level]] examinations, from the original date of 11 September to 12 and 20 September.<ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential Election 2023 |url=https://www.moe.gov.sg/news/press-releases/20230811-presidential-election-2023-changes-to-teachers-day-holiday-and-gce-n-level-exams |website=moe.gov.sg |access-date=8 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===International===
* {{Flag|Belarus}}: President [[Alexander Lukashenko]] congratulated Tharman, expressing confidence that Tharman would succeed in improving the well-being of citizens and stimulating economic growth and its relationship between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander Lukashenko congratulates Tharman Shanmugaratnam on winning presidential election in Singapore |url=https://www.tvr.by/eng/news/prezident/aleksandr_lukashenko_pozdravil_tarmana_shanmugaratnama_s_pobedoy_na_prezidentskikh_vyborakh_v_singap/ |website=TVR.by |access-date=6 September 2023}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Canada}}: The Canadian High Commission congratulated Tharman for his victory, and thanked outgoing President [[Halimah Yacob]] for her contributions to the [[Canada–Singapore relations|relationship between Canada and Singapore]].<ref name=":23">{{Cite news |last=Chin |first=Hui Shan |date=2023-09-02 |title=Countries including US, India congratulate Tharman on election win |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/us-india-congratulate-tharman-on-election-victory-look-forward-to-further-strengthening-ties |access-date=2023-09-14 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>
* {{Flag|China}}: [[President of the People's Republic of China|President]] [[Xi Jinping]] called to congratulate Tharman via phone call, according to [[Xinhua News Agency]], and added that he would continue to work with him to improve their [[China–Singapore relations|relationship]].<ref name="ChinaUK">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Keval |title=Chinese President Xi, Britain's King Charles congratulate President Tharman on inauguration |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/chinese-president-xi-britain-s-king-charles-congratulate-president-tharman-on-inauguration |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=15 September 2023 |language=en |date=14 September 2023}}</ref>
*{{Flag|European Union}}: Ambassador to Singapore [[Iwona Piórko]] congratulated Tharman and said that [[Singapore–European Union relations|the EU and Singapore]] have a deepening partnership that contributes effectiveness to addressing global and regional challenges.<ref name=":23" />
*{{Flag|India}}: Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] congratulated Tharman and posted on [[Twitter]] that he will be looking forward to working closely on [[India–Singapore relations|bilateral ties]] and its India–Singapore Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{cite web |title=PM Modi congratulates Tharman on election as Singapore president {{!}} Politics |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/politics/2579404-pm-modi-congratulates-tharman-on-election-as-singapore-president |website=Devdiscourse |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Italy}}: Ambassador-designate to Singapore Dante Brandi posted on the Ambasciata d'Italia a Singapore's Instagram page a picture of his appearance at the [[G20]] Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors 2021 meeting as a commemoration of his win.<ref name=":23" />
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}: 
** Prime Minister [[Anwar Ibrahim]] sent congratulatory messages to Tharman who "conjured Singapore's presidency", and stated his desire for an underlying bond of "family spirit" between the [[Malaysia–Singapore relations|neighbouring nations]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaysia PM Anwar congratulates Singapore's President-elect Tharman Shanmugaratnam |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/pm-anwar-malaysia-congratulates-tharman-president-elected-3743601 |website=CNA |access-date=9 April 2024 |language=en |date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
** [[Malaysian United Democratic Alliance]] (MUDA) founder and former minister [[Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman|Syed Saddiq]] also congratulated Tharman, saying that his victory truly united Singaporeans, transcending race, religion and politics, and reminded that it was an "unbreakable bond of family".<ref>{{cite web |title=Former M'sian minister Syed Saddiq congratulates Tharman on 'historic victory' |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/syed-saddiq-congratulates-president-elect-tharman/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=6 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}: [[King of Saudi Arabia|King]] [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman]] and his [[Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia|Crown Prince]] [[Mohammed bin Salman]] both congratulated Tharman and gave wishes for "success" and "further progress and prosperity."<ref>{{cite web |title=Saudi king, crown prince congratulate Singapore president-elect and Thailand's new PM |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2366796/saudi-arabia |website=Arab News |access-date=6 September 2023 |language=en |date=4 September 2023}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Taiwan}}: Outgoing President [[Tsai Ing-wen]] offered her congratulations to Tharman in a press release, accompanied by a congratulatory letter expressing her hope of furthering bilateral ties. Tsai also said that "Taiwan attaches great importance to its [[Singapore–Taiwan relations|relations with Singapore]]", and looks forward for him to seek bilateral cooperation with Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Tsai congratulates Shanmugaratnam on being elected Singapore president – Focus Taiwan |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202309020007 |website=Focus Taiwan – CNA English News |date=2 September 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Ukraine}}: Ambassador to Singapore [[Kateryna Zelenko]] congratulated Tharman, and said that "We look forward to further good cooperation and friendship" between Singapore and Ukraine.<ref name=":23" />
* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}: President [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]], [[Vice President of the United Arab Emirates|Vice President]] and Prime Minister [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]], and Deputy Prime Minister [[Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] congratulated Tharman's victory through cabling.<ref>{{cite web |title=UAE Leaders congratulate President of Singapore on election win |url=https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395303193548 |website=wam |access-date=6 September 2023 |date=9 May 2023}}</ref>
* {{Flag|United Kingdom}}: 
** [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King]] [[Charles III]] congratulated Tharman on his inauguration via Twitter, saying that "Singapore is a [[Singapore–United Kingdom relations|strategic partner]]" and would look forward to work with him to continue their relationship.<ref name="ChinaUK"/>
** [[Wolfson College, Cambridge|Wolfson College]]'s [[Head of college|president]] [[Jane Clarke (scientist)|Jane Clarke]] congratulated Tharman, an alumnus of the college. Clarke told she met him earlier that year and praised his mention of "fondness for Wolfson and his commitment to our shared vision of opportunity for all".<ref>{{cite web |title=Wolfson alum elected President of Singapore |url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/26036 |website=VARSITY |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>
* {{Flag|United States}}: [[United States Department of State]] spokesman [[Matthew Miller (spokesperson)|Matthew Miller]] congratulated Tharman, and stated that the department would be looking forward to working with him in further strengthening the [[Singapore–United States relations|relationship between Singapore and the United States]]. He also thanked outgoing President Halimah Yacob for her contributions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congratulations to the New President of Singapore Tharman Shanmugaratnam |url=https://www.state.gov/congratulations-to-the-new-president-of-singapore-tharman-shanmugaratnam/ |website=United States Department of State |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Vietnam}}: [[President of Vietnam|President]] [[Võ Văn Thưởng]] mailed a letter congratulating Tharman on his inauguration on 14 September.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congratulations to new President of Singapore |url=https://en.nhandan.vn/congratulations-to-new-president-of-singapore-post129417.html |website=en.nhandan.vn |access-date=15 September 2023 |language=en |date=14 September 2023}}</ref>

==Analysis==

===Pre-Nomination Day===
On 14 August ''[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|TODAY]]'' interviewed 15 first-time [[Presidential elections in Singapore|presidential election]] voters, with ages ranging from 21 to 33, on their knowledge of the elected presidency. Their responses ranged from a few who indicated little knowledge or interest in politics to a handful who understood the topic well.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Big Read: First-time voters can play key role in deciding presidential race – do they care enough? |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/big-read-first-time-voters-presidential-race-3695086 |website=CNA |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

The following day, ''TODAY'' and [[CNA (TV network)|CNA]] conducted a survey of 1,500 first-time voters, where the vast majority of them understood most of the presidential roles. The roles of being a symbolic figure and a diplomat were identified by about 95% of them, followed by at 91% knowing about the requirements of caring for the community and consulting with the Council of Presidential Advisors, with 88.4% understanding that the president is required to safeguard [[Reserves of the Government of Singapore|asset reserves]]. Only 36.1% knew that the president does not take orders from [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]].<ref name=":16" />

''TODAY'' and CNA conducted another survey about the relationship between Parliament and the President, where some knew that the elected president generally takes instructions from the [[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet]]. Analysts revealed that most first-time voters having a poor understanding of the election may imply that they have little to no interest in politics. Former Member of Parliament [[Inderjit Singh (Singaporean politician)|Inderjit Singh]] hinted that these first-timers may be "swayed by populist manifestos of some candidates without having the opportunity to verify facts". Kantar Public analyst Leong Chan-Hoong noted significant changes with educated Singaporeans in mind, and that the young voters may not be apparent to such a demographic.<ref name=":16">{{cite web |title=Most first-time voters understand President's roles, less clear on relationship with government: CNA-TODAY survey |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-first-time-voters-president-cna-today-survey-3661611 |website=CNA |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===On Nomination Day===
When candidates were confirmed on 18 August, many political analysts predicted that Tharman Shanmugaratnam would win and cited the slate of candidates being "very different" with candidates being from two racial groups. Institute of Policy Studies Senior Researcher Gillian Koh suggested that the voters would find it difficult to resist Tharman's "unparalleled international standing". Associate Professor of law at [[Singapore Management University]] [[Eugene Tan]] predicted that people would "assume his victory is a foregone conclusion" but that should not be taken for granted. Tan thought it praiseworthy that the three candidates had experience in making strategic decisions with regard to the management of large funds, as well as having fine reputations.<ref name=":18" />

Analysts had differing views regarding [[George Goh]]'s ineligibility to run for the presidency. Mustafa Izzuddin, a senior international affairs analyst at Solaris Strategies Singapore, was surprised that Goh was ineligible. To him, Goh could bring something unique to the table, due to his private sector experience. It would give voters an additional choice. Eugene Tan agreed with Goh being ineligible, highlighting the difference in calculating the required shareholder equity of S$500&nbsp;million on the basis of one, versus many, companies. To him, one S$500&nbsp;million company is different from running five hundred S$1&nbsp;million companies. Therefore, he felt that the [[Presidential Elections Committee]]'s decision was understandable.<ref name=":18">{{cite web |title=All 3 candidates who qualified for Presidential Election face challenges ahead: Analysts |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-challenges-ng-kok-song-tan-kin-lian-tharman-3707696 |website=CNA |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===During campaigning period===
On 27 August, [[National University of Singapore]] (NUS) Sociologist Ern Ser Tan noted on [[LinkedIn]] that there was an "undercurrent" with the election turning on maintaining the current political order versus seeking regime change, with the likelihood of political transformation. He added that, with [[Tan Kin Lian]]'s involvement with [[Tan Cheng Bock]] and [[Tan Jee Say]], the election has become clearly defined by the differences between the political orders of the ruling government and the opposition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ern Ser Tan on LinkedIn: ON PE23: an update from the perspective of an observer It was only a few… |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ern-ser-tan-76028447_on-pe23-an-update-from-the-perspective-of-activity-7101564233175224320-6YXi |website=linkedin.com |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> NUS Arts and Social Science Lecturer Rebecca Grace Tan was reported to have referred the term 'Independent' to that of the People's Action Party, and that Tharman's decisive win wasn't decisive in signifying that non-partisanship was the primary deciding factor for many voters. Tan's opposition support sowed further doubts about the advantages of being non-partisan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Did opposition backing help or hurt Tan Kin Lian in the Presidential Election? |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-presidential-election-opposition-support-tan-cheng-bock-3747091 |website=CNA |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In light of the "One vote, Three presidents?" slogan which surfaced on 28 August, political observers began to query Tan Kin Lian about the assertion that he is an "independent candidate". Eugene Tan commented that "It effectively asserts that if Tan (Kin Lian) wins, he will attempt to transform the presidency into a partisan institution" and further stated that a non-partisan president "must be above the political fray". Eugene Tan believed that party endorsements or endorsements by politicians can make the president beholden to the opposition politicians and ruin the presidency.<ref name=":20" />

School of Social Sciences, at the [[Nanyang Technological University]] (NTU), Assistant Professor Walid Jumblatt Abdullah's analysis suggests that Tan Kin Lian was attempting to position himself as the "ultimate anti-establishment candidate". Felix Tan, another lecturer at NTU, said that voting for Tan would suggest voting for opposition, which belies being non-partisan,<ref name=":20">{{cite web |title=PE 2023: Analysts say opposition backing, '3-in-1 presidents' claim cast doubt over Tan Kin Lian's independence |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/pe-2023-tan-kin-lian-independent-doubt-analysts-2242211 |website=TODAY |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and that Tan's smear campaigning brought doubt on his being worthy of standing as a candidate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tan Kin Lian's 'pretty girls' posts ignite debate about objectifying women, assessment of presidential candidates |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-kin-lian-pretty-girls-women-presidential-election-character-3716156 |website=CNA |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He also stressed that the relationship between general and presidential elections is "conflated" and that can affect democracy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential candidates have tried to establish their 'independence' to varying degrees of success: Analysts |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-2023-independence-analysts-ng-kok-song-tharman-tan-kin-lian-3729611 |website=CNA |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In a radio interview on MONEY FM 89.3, on "Breakfast with Lynlee Foo and Ryan Huang" on 30 August, Eugene Tan praised the widespread use of social media to communicate in the election.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore PE2023: Analysis of Candidate Track Records, Campaign Symbols and Voter Expectations | website=[[YouTube]] | date=30 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=nNQdkz4sKl4 |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===After the release of election results===
When the sample counts were released on 2 September, political analysts suggested that Tharman's personal charisma and past track record and experience, including his constituency of [[Jurong GRC]] being the best-performing constituency for two consecutive elections in 2015 and 2020, may have attributed to a landslide victory, as opposed to Ng's lack of public exposure and Tan's previous controversies, which to [[Eugene Tan]], cited in the [[CNA (TV network)|CNA]] Polling Day results special, was a "mind-boggling" result. Eugene Tan also highlighted Tan's relationship with opposition parties, stating that Tan had "too [many] oppositional forces [involved in] his candidacy". In addition, Tan's campaign had a misconception of what the president did as well as expressing views that were perceived as "misogynist, racist, [and] even nativist", which a majority of Singaporeans overwhelmingly rejected.<ref name=":21">{{cite web |title='Rather unexpected': Analysts surprised at Tharman's margin of victory in Singapore Presidential Election |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/presidential-election-results-analysts-tharman-huge-margin-unexpected-ng-kok-song-tan-kin-lian-3741236 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>

Eugene Tan also noted that the slight decline in turnout and an increase in spoilt votes meant that the election "generally [did] not make much of a difference" and was an effort at a "protest vote". He added that "the drop would be rather significant as this would signal that there might still be those who have some concerns with how the Presidential Election was run". During the [[2011 Singaporean presidential election|2011 presidential election]], turnout was 94.80% (of which 1.79% or 37,849 votes were rejected), while during the 2023 presidential election, turnout was 93.41% (of which 1.98% or 50,152 votes were rejected).<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":19" />

The reactions of other political analysts to the election results varied, such as NTU political analyst Dr Felix Tan saying that it was "rather unexpected and it's quite a surprise", and emphasising that "establishment versus anti-establishment" might have attributed to the anticlimactic result; and NUS Associate Professor Chong Ja Ian criticising the result, stating that what Tharman had was a huge advantage against "two weak opponents" and feeling that the result was to elect "strong candidates like everyone else". Chong highlighted the short campaigning period of just nine days, as well as Tan's "negative spillover effect" onto opposition supporters, as contributing to both Tan's and Ng's respective decisive defeats.<ref name=":21" />

Following the election, Gillian Koh thought that the landslide was the result of the "Tharman effect", a term which was coined during the 45th [[St. Gallen Symposium]], in 2015, where Tharman was one of the participants.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.symposium.org/~/media/ISC/Files/Download/Speakers%20at%20the%2045th%20St%20%20Gallen%20Symposium.ashx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112603/http://www.symposium.org/~/media/ISC/Files/Download/Speakers%20at%20the%2045th%20St%20%20Gallen%20Symposium.ashx |archive-date=2015-09-24 |date=7{{ndash}}8 May 2015 |title=Faculty |language=en |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> Tharman's campaign was acclaimed by several analysts. Eugene Tan pointed out that Tharman's slogan, "race is never absent, but it is not the only factor", would be seen as signifying an evolution of the nation, praised the voters for voting for the merits of his personal qualities and track record, and praised the PAP government for promoting "multiracial meritocracy". In another interview, on the ''[[Mothership (website)|Mothership]]'' website, Eugene Tan said that "Singaporean voters are sophisticated" and that they have treated the presidential election as it is and not as "a proxy general election or a referendum on the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP)". In answer to a question on how the result will be an indication of the [[next Singaporean general election]], he warned that the PAP should not treat this result as the "ground being sweet", reminding that parliamentary elections are different, as they are elections between parties rather than individuals.<ref>{{cite web |title=LOTS of Questions with Assoc Prof. Eugene Tan | website=[[YouTube]] | date=2 September 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXggwA4XMMM |access-date=3 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Heart of the Matter - Presidential Election: What do voters think about politics in Singapore? |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/listen/heart-matter/presidential-election-what-do-voters-think-about-politics-singapore-3747306 |website=CNA |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Leong Chan-Hoong also praised Singaporeans over the results, agreeing that they have voted "about trust of the candidate", over certain doubts and past issues pertaining to the scandals and [[List of resignations from government|resignations]] from the PAP government prior to the election.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tharman rode on his popularity going into election, had 2 'relatively weak opponents': Analysts |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/landslide-win-due-tharman-effect-voters-did-not-treat-election-referendum-pap-analysts-president-elect |website=AsiaOne |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en |date=2 September 2023}}</ref> However, Ng's mention of the "ownself check ownself system" which had been borrowed from opposition parties – specifically from [[Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)|Pritam Singh]] of the [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Workers' Party]] (WP) who first coined the term back in 2011 – also raised concerns, citing that it was "very difficult for someone to set up the system to question the system". Analysts implied that voters should also understand the importance of the authority of the president, in addition to the "bread-and-butter issues".<ref>{{cite web |title=Commentary: Tharman's presidential win a triumph for multiracial meritocracy in Singapore, with more to come |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/presidential-election-2023-tharman-shanmugaratnam-polling-day-3741201 |website=CNA |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Singapore Management University]] visiting professor Lee Kong Chian, and former [[Nominated Member of Parliament]] and Legal Adviser to the President and Council of Presidential Advisers [[Walter Woon]] said that, in an election like this, the [[first-past-the-post system]] only really works when there are two contenders, and that [[walkover|no-contest]] elections are bad; but that having too many contenders could also be undesirable.<ref>{{cite web |title=No-contest elections are bad, but too many contenders could also be undesirable: Walter Woon |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/06/presidential-elections-too-many-contenders/ |website=Mothership.sg |access-date=5 September 2023}}</ref> He also said that party politics are inevitable, but they are not necessarily decisive. He added that pundits who could predict the trend of Tharman's clear mandate should "take nothing for granted", and that the victory was an unusual one for a multi-candidate contest, which hints at the possibility that there is another establishment candidate who will be able to repeat this feat against a more formidable opponent in future presidential elections.<ref>{{cite web |title=PE2023 offers 4 lessons on eligibility, discretion, politicisation, & unpredictability: Walter Woon |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/pe2023-4-lessons-walter-woon/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=5 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

According to journalists at ''[[The Straits Times]]'' (ST), in a podcast on 4 September, a "contextualized" traditional campaigning is still effective and voters must be prepared to adapt to such scenarios. In another podcast, with ST's multimedia correspondent Hairianto Diman and deputy news editor Grace Ho, it was pointed out that the election would be seen as determining who would represent in a global-level and the generational changes ahead for the government.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ho |first1=Grace |last2=Liang |first2=Lim Yan |last3=Tan |first3=Judith |last4=Yufeng |first4=Kok |last5=Iau |first5=Jean |title=ST Podcast: Traditional campaigning still works, says ST team covering PE2023 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/st-podcast-traditional-campaigning-still-works-says-st-team-covering-pe2023 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=6 September 2023 |language=en |date=4 September 2023}}</ref>

In commentary published on [[CNA (TV network)|CNA]]'s website, former newspaper editor Han Fook Kwang wrote that the election results are politically significant, as the large margin of victory Tharman enjoyed undermines a claim previously made by members of the Singaporean government that older Singaporeans are not ready to accept a non-Chinese as prime minister.<ref name="HFK-PE2023"/> The results were also seen as undermining an argument for a PAP race-related policy that culminated in the enactment of the hiatus-triggered model for presidential elections (in the case for [[2017 Singaporean presidential election|2017]]), where candidacies in certain presidential elections are reserved for people of certain minority races.<ref name="TW-PE2023"/>

In an article posted on ''Mothership'', editor Sulaiman Daud commented that Tharman's high probability of winning did not make this election "a charade",<ref>{{cite web |title=Comment: Tharman's high likelihood of winning doesn't make the presidential election a charade |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/06/comment-tharmans-high-likelihood-of-winning-doesnt-make-the-presidential-election-a-charade/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> but cited Tharman's slogans of "hard carry" and "October Surprise" as contributing to his decisive win. Daud also weighed other factors, such as the competition between the other two rivals, or what Singaporeans want in its next President.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comment: Tharman is S'pore's most popular elected president ever. How did he do it? |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/comment-tharman-win-how/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> Another editor, Tan Min-Wei, also praised the contests and how the election went smoothly, citing a quote from a 1999 American [[political drama]] ''[[The West Wing]]'' that "decisions are made by those who show up".<ref>{{cite web |title=Comment: Lost but not wasted; a thank you to PE2023's unsuccessful contenders |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/pe2023-contender-appreciation/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> [[Republic Polytechnic]] chairman and chief executive officer of Economic Development Innovations Abel Ang said that people like Tharman believed that people lacking common experiences are "unhealthy for Singapore", and that the life of the haves is increasingly looking different from those who have-not. He also referenced a ''[[Sesame Street]]'' song "The People In Your Neighborhood", one of his favourite songs, as encouraging unity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comment: Tharman aims to be a unifying figure, but unity in S'pore starts in our neighbourhoods |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/tharman-unifying-figure-neighbourhoods/ |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>

==Inauguration==
Tharman Shanmugratanam's inauguration took place at [[The Istana]] on Thursday, 14 September 2023, at around 19:40, marking the start of his six-year term as [[President of Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tharman to be inaugurated as S'pore's 9th president on Sep. 14, 2023 |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/tharman-inauguration-when/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> Similar to preceding presidents after [[Benjamin Sheares]], Tharman said he would not be residing at The Istana so that he would remain actively involved with Singaporeans.<ref>{{cite web |title=Incoming President Tharman will not be moving to the Istana |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/09/tharman-not-moving-to-istana/ |website=mothership.sg |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tharman Shanmugaratnam sworn in as Singapore's ninth President |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-inauguration-singapore-president-3763676 |website=CNA |access-date=15 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] gave a speech where he said that the election meant the voters had said that the "race is a smaller factor now" and Tharman's election was "on his merits, by an overwhelming majority". Lee added that he respected Tharman's "long and distinguished" career and would look forward for their cooperation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singaporeans have chosen a President who is 'eminently qualified': PM Lee |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/pm-lee-hsien-loong-president-tharman-shanmugaratnam-inauguration-3770396?cid=telegram_cna_social_28112017_cna |website=CNA |access-date=15 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In Tharman's inauguration speech, he swore to be "scrupulous and independent" in fulfilling his presidential role and to carry out the president's custodial powers. He also promised to unify Singapore, to "make us a better society, and add to our ballast as we face a more turbulent world", citing "we only truly succeed when we succeed together". The president being an international diplomat, his maintaining Singapore's principles—in the wake of the current economic trends, the [[China–United States relations]], and the ongoing [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]—was important. He again mentioned that "we must not allow any of our differences to divide us" and again reminded people that Singapore must make sure that "[[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]] would not be Singapore's last crisis". The inauguration was witnessed by all cabinet ministers (except [[S Iswaran]]), emeritus [[Senior Minister of Singapore|Senior Minister]] [[Goh Chok Tong]], and former president [[Tony Tan]], along with their spouses;<ref>{{cite web |title=President Tharman vows to be 'scrupulous and independent' in decisions on reserves |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-president-tharman-shanmugaratnam-inauguration-speech-scrupulous-independent-reserves-3770341 |website=CNA |access-date=15 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Lee's wife [[Ho Ching]] was absent on that day.<ref>{{cite web |title=In pictures: Inauguration of Singapore's new President Tharman Shanmugaratnam |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/inauguration-singapore-new-president-tharman-shanmugaratnam-3770896 |website=CNA |access-date=15 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In the early morning of 13 September, the day before the inauguration, President [[Halimah Yacob]] thanked all the workers and staff members residing in The Istana before she departed for her retirement.<ref>{{cite news |title=President Halimah bids farewell to Istana staff |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/president-halimah-bids-farewell-to-istana-staff |website=Straits Times |date=13 September 2023 |access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref> Halimah revealed in the final days of her presidency that she recalled on the controversial walkover of the preceding presidential election,<ref>{{cite web |author=Tham Yuen-C |title=I expected controversy during reserved election: Halimah Yacob reflects on her presidential term |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/i-expected-controversy-during-reserved-election-halimah-yacob |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en |date=30 July 2023}}</ref> but reflected that she was "a president for all people, regardless of race, language, religion", and reflected on the early days of her presidency when security concerns were raised, given that she resided in public housing in [[Yishun]] at the time. She also announced her retirement after nearly 22 years of political involvement, and said that she would continue to work with the community "in different capacities", raising awareness for mental health and helping people with disabilities, and with empowering women and advocating for a meritocracy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore 'needs women leaders at every level', including among presidential advisers: President Halimah |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/singapore-needs-women-leaders-every-level-including-among-presidential-advisers-president-halimah-2244551 |website=TODAY |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='I'm retiring': President Halimah when asked about her plans after stepping down from role |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/im-retiring-president-halimah-when-asked-about-her-plans-after-stepping-down-role |website=AsiaOne |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en |date=27 June 2023}}</ref> In her final remarks of her farewell speech, she reminded Singaporeans must retain its values of unity and purpose.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singaporeans must stay united in era of change, says Halimah in final speech as President |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/halimah-yacob-farewell-speech-president-singaporeans-stand-together-united-3767311 |website=CNA |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, in his response at her farewell reception later that night, thanked her for fulfilling her promise to be a "President for everyone" and for her commitments during her tenure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Halimah Yacob fulfilled promise to be a 'President for everyone', says PM Lee |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/president-halimah-lee-hsien-loong-gender-equality-mental-health-ntuc-labour-covid-3767416 |website=CNA |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=In pictures: President Halimah Yacob bids goodbye at the Istana on last day of her term |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/outgoing-singapore-president-halimah-yacob-farewell-reception-pictures-3767726 |website=CNA |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[MeWATCH]] and CNA posted a video dedicated to her presidency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Halimah Yacob: A President For Everyone - mewatch |url=https://www.mewatch.sg/season/Halimah-Yacob-A-President-For-Everyone-403102 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Thank you, Madam President |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/2023/09/thank-you-madam-president-singapore/index.html?shell |website=The Straits Times |access-date=15 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> On 1 October, Halimah was named as the new chancellor of the [[Singapore University of Social Sciences]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rakshika |first1=Vihanya |title=Former president Halimah Yacob named as new SUSS chancellor |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/former-president-halimah-yacob-named-as-new-suss-chancellor |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en |date=25 September 2023}}</ref> On 25 October, she was awarded the [[Darjah Utama Temasek|Order of Temasek]] (with High Distinction).<ref>{{cite news |author=Goh Yan Han |title=Former president Halimah Yacob awarded Singapore's highest civilian honour |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/former-president-halimah-yacob-conferred-order-of-temasek-tops-list-of-national-award-recipients |work=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=31 October 2023 |language=en |date=25 October 2023}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore-presidential-election Report of the Singapore Presidential Election 2023 by CNA]

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{{Singaporean presidential elections}}
{{Singaporean elections}}

[[Category:2023 elections in Asia|Singapore]]
[[Category:September 2023 events in Singapore|Presidential election]]
[[Category:Presidential elections in Singapore|2023]]