View source for Cales (river)

{{Short description|River of ancient Bithynia}}
'''Cales''' or '''Kales''' ({{langx|grc|Κάλης}}), also '''Calles''' or '''Kalles''' (Κάλλης), was a river of [[ancient Bithynia]]. At its mouth was the town of [[Cales (Bithynia)|Cales]], located 120 [[stadion (unit)|stadia]] east of [[Elaeus (Bithynia)|Elaeus]].<ref>{{Cite ArrianPPE|p. 14}}</ref><ref>[[Marcian of Heraclea]], p. 70.</ref> This seems to be the river which [[Thucydides]] calls '''Calex''' (Κάληξ), at the mouth of which Lamachus lost his ships, which were anchored there, owing to a sudden rise of the river.<ref name=Thucydides>{{Cite Thucydides|4.75}}</ref> Thucydides places the Calex in the [[Heraclea Pontica|Heracleotis]], which agrees very well with the position of the Cales. Lamachus and his troops were compelled to walk along the coast to [[Chalcedon]].<ref name=Thucydides/> [[Pliny the Elder]] mentions a river '''Alces''' in Bithynia, which it has been conjectured, may be a corruption of Calex.<ref>{{Cite Pliny|5.32}}</ref>

It is identified with the modern [[Alaplı Su]] in [[Anatolia|Asiatic Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite Barrington|86}}</ref>

==References==
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{{coord|41.178489|N|31.381992|E|display=title|format=dms|source:GEOnet-734748}}

[[Category:Geography of Bithynia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Turkey]]
[[Category:Zonguldak Province]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek geography]]


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