View source for Chongming Island

{{Short description|Third-largest island in China}}

{{Infobox islands
| name             = Chongming Island
| native_name      = {{lang|zh|{{lang|ja|崇明岛}}}}
| native_name_link = Chinese language
| native_name_lang = zh
| nickname         = 
| image_name       = Buzhendock.JPG
| image_caption    = Buzhendock
| image_size       = 260px
| map              = China#Shanghai
| location         = Pacific Ocean
| coordinates      = {{Coord|31|40|N|121|32|E|region:CN_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| total_islands    = 
| major_islands    = 
| country          = {{CHN}}
| country_admin_divisions_title   = [[Direct-administered municipality|Municipality]]
| country_admin_divisions         = [[Shanghai]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = 
| country_admin_divisions_1       = 
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = 
| country_admin_divisions_2       = 
| image_map=Shanghai location Chongmingdao island.svg|image_map_caption=The position of Chongming (''red'') within Shanghai<br>(Note that this map does not display [[#Haiyong|Haiyong]] or [[#Qilong|Qilong]])
}}

{{Chinese|title=Chongming|t={{linktext|崇明島}}|s={{linktext|崇明岛}}|p=Chóngmíng Dǎo|w=Ch{{wg-apos}}ung-ming Tao|l=Lofty Bright Island{{refn|Actually named for Chongming, an early settlement on the former island of Xisha that was named for its placement on relatively high and clear ground.<ref name=eos/>}}}}
'''Chongming''' ({{Lang-zh|s=崇明岛}}), [[Chinese postal romanization|formerly romanized]] as '''Chungming''', is an alluvial [[island]] at the mouth of the [[Yangtze|Yangtze River]] in [[East China]] covering {{convert|1267|km2|sqmi|sp=us}} as of 2010. Together with the islands [[Changxing Island (Shanghai)|Changxing]] and [[Hengsha Island|Hengsha]], it forms [[Chongming District]], the northernmost area of the [[provinces of China|provincial]]-level [[municipalities of the People's Republic of China|municipality]] of [[Shanghai]]. At the time of the [[2010 Chinese census]], its population was {{nowrap|660,000}}.

A {{convert|20|km|mi|sp=us|adj=mid|-long}} stretch of the north shore of the island is not part of [[Chongming District]] of Shanghai but are instead two [[List of enclaves and exclaves#Subnational pene-enclaves/exclaves (inaccessible districts)|pene-exclaves]] of [[Jiangsu]], formed by the connection of Chongming to the formerly-separate island of [[Yonglongsha]].

==Etymology==
The island is named for Chongming, an early settlement on the island of Xisha that was named for its placement on relatively high and clear ground.<ref name=eos/>{{refn|Some [[folk etymologies]] trace it to ''chong''{{'}}s more usual meaning of "worshipped" or "respected", claiming that the island's formation began with the rafts that floated downriver following [[Sun En]]'s [[List of rebellions in China#Eastern Jin Dynasty|failed revolt]] around AD&nbsp;400 against the [[Eastern Jin dynasty]]. It first took the name ''Suiming''&mdash;"furtive and bright"&mdash;before receiving a more dignified name as it stabilized during the [[Tang dynasty]].<ref name=jack/>}}

==History==
Present-day Chongming first developed as two separate [[shoal]]s&mdash;'''Xisha''' and '''Dongsha'''&mdash;during the [[Wude Era]] (AD&nbsp;618&ndash;626) of the [[Tang dynasty]]. These were initially about {{convert|70|km|sp=us}} apart and located south of the larger island of [[Dongbuzhou]] (<small>[[traditional characters|t]]</small>&nbsp;{{lang|zh|{{linktext|東布洲}}}}, <small>[[simplified characters|s]]</small>&nbsp;{{lang|zh|{{linktext|东布洲}}}}, <small>[[pinyin|p]]</small>&nbsp;''Dōngbùzhōu''), which came to form part of the peninsula of [[Qidong City|Qidong]] in [[Jiangsu]]. Xisha was also known as '''Gujunsha'''. By the first year of [[Shenlong Era|Shenlong]] (705), a [[town (PRC)|town]] was established on Xisha which was known as "Chongming".<ref name=eos/> The number, size, and shapes of the islands fluctuated repeatedly over time and with the [[floods of the Yangtze River|flood]]s of the [[Yangtze]]:<ref name=eoscmi/> In the 3rd year of [[Tiansheng Era (Song)|Tiansheng]] (1025), a new island arose a little to the northwest of Dongsha which became known as '''Yaoliusha''' from the surnames of its early settlers. In the first year of [[Jianzhong Jingguo Era|Jiangzhong Jingguo]] (1101),<!--sic--> '''Sansha''' rose for the third time, stabilizing 50 [[li (unit)|Chinese miles]] northwest of Yaoliusha. During the 12th- and 13th-century [[Yuan dynasty]], '''Yingqiansha''', '''Matuosha''', '''Zhangpusha''', and around six other islands also formed. The early settlers of these islands were mostly [[fishing in China|fishermen]] and [[salt in Chinese history|salt collectors]],<ref name=kingcotton/> with their principal [[saltern]] at Tianci.

In the 14th year of [[Zhiyuan Era (1264-1294)|Zhiyuan]] (1277) under [[Kublai Khan]] of the [[Yuan Dynasty|Yuan]], {{nowrap|'''Chongming Prefecture'''}} was organized within [[Yangzhou]].<ref name=eos/> Owing to the shifting sands of the islands, however, the [[county seat]] needed to be repeatedly moved.<ref name=eoscmi>[http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx#52 "Chongming Island" in the ''Encyclopedia of Shanghai'', p.&nbsp;52.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302131933/http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx |date=2013-03-02 }}</ref> During the late Yuan and early [[Ming dynasty|Ming]], the sparsely-inhabited shoals of the area began to fill with migrants from [[Pudong]] and other areas of [[Songjiang Prefecture]]. These immigrants introduced [[cotton in China|cotton cultivation]], which spread widely prior to China's [[treaty ports|opening to international trade]] in the later [[Qing dynasty|Qing]]. There was small-scale [[textiles industry|textile production]] in the area, but most of the cotton was exported for use in [[Songjiang Town|Songjiang]], [[Hangzhou]], and other more developed areas of [[Jiangnan]].<ref name=kingcotton>Walker, Kathy Le Mons. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8rceBzttHBcC&pg=PA52 "The View from the Periphery: Tongzhou and the Northern Delta" in ''Chinese Modernity and the Peasant Path: Semicolonialism in the Northern Yangzi Delta'', pp.&nbsp;52&nbsp;ff.] Stanford University Press ([[Stanford, California|Stanford]]), 1999.</ref> In the 2nd year of [[Hongwu Era|Hongwu]] (1396) under the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]], the prefecture was downgraded to a [[county (PRC)|county]]<ref name=eos/> but, shortly afterwards, a major subsidence&mdash;sinking the entirety of Dongsha and most of Xisha&mdash;provoked a mass emigration back to the mainland.<ref name=kingcotton/> Around the same time, however, Sansha expanded towards the north while Yaoliusha simultaneously eroded in the south while building up in the north, "migrating" it towards Sansha.

Chongming County was later placed in [[Suzhou Prefecture|Suzhou]] and then [[Taicang Prefecture]]s.<ref name=eos/> Over the course of the Ming, numerous shoals arose in succession: '''Ma'ansha''', '''Chen'ensha''', '''Gaomingsha''', '''Xiaoyinsha''', '''Changsha''', '''Yuanjiasha''', '''Xiangsha''', '''Gaotousha''', and around 20 others. Over the two hundred years from the beginning of [[Jiajing Era|Jiajing]] (1522) under the Ming to the end of [[Kangxi Era|Kangxi]] (1722) under the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]], these shoals frequently flooded or collapsed back into the river. Yaoliusha and Sansha eroded away; Xisha, Chenensha, '''Fanliansha''', and others sank. In the west, '''Pingyangsha''' arose, then sank, then finally merged with nearby Yuanjiasha, '''Wujiasha''', Xiangsha, and '''Nansha'''. Around the end of the [[Ming dynasty]] in 1644, these islands were merged all the way to Gaotousha in the west, forming a single mass 200 [[Chinese mile]]s east to west by 40 north to south. Their unification with remaining nearby islands by 1681 effectively created present-day Chongming, although it remained much smaller at the time.<ref name=eoscmi/> Between the [[Shunzhi Era|Shunzhi]] and [[Kangxi Era]]s (1644&ndash;1722), '''Rilongsha''', '''Yongansha''', '''Ping'ansha''', '''Dongsansha''', and around 25 others arose without sinking.

Under the [[Republic of China (1912-1949)|Republic]], it was organized first under the [[Nantong Special Administrative District|Nantong]] and then [[Songjiang Special Administration District]]. During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Second World War]], Chongming was administered first by a separate [[pacification team]], then as part of Shanghai's [[Great Way Government]],<ref>Brook, Timothy. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ChhcRpu0wyAC&pg=PA159 "The Great Way Government of Shanghai" in ''In the Shadow of the Rising Sun: Shanghai Under Japanese Occupation'', p.&nbsp;159.] Cambridge University Press ([[Cambridge, England|Cambridge]]), 2004.</ref> and finally as a county of the [[Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China|Wang Jingwei regime]], a Japanese puppet state in [[Nanjing]]. Nine years after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]], it was placed under the [[municipality of Shanghai]] in December 1958.<ref name=eos/> During the [[Down to the Countryside Movement]], many of the ''[[sent-down youth]]'' from [[Shanghai]] travelled no further than Chongming.<ref>Bramall, Chris. ''Industrialization of Rural China'', p.&nbsp;148. Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2007. {{ISBN|0199275939}}.</ref> [[land reclamation|Reclamation]], particularly large-scale work on the island's northern and eastern [[tidal flat]]s in the 1960s and '90s, doubled the size of the island between 1950 and 2010.<ref name=eoscmi/> It began to absorb the separate island of [[Yonglongsha]]&mdash;creating an [[#Enclaves|enclave]] of [[Jiangsu]] on the northern shore of the island&mdash;in 1972.<ref name=shtong>Office of Shanghai Chronicles. {{lang|zh|[http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node2245/node70862/node70867/node70902/node70906/userobject1ai73640.html 岛、沙]}} [''"Dǎo, Shā"'', "Islands and Shoals"]. Shanghai Municipal Government (Shanghai), 2015. Accessed 12 Jan 2015. {{in lang|zh}}</ref>

[[Dongtan, Shanghai|Dongtan]] was a proposed [[ecocity]] which was planned to open along with the [[2010 World Expo]] in Shanghai but stalled following the 2006 ouster of the [[Communist Party Chief]] [[Chen Liangyu]].<ref>Montlake, Simon. [http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Living-Green/2008/1223/in-china-overambition-reins-in-eco-city-plans "In China, Overambition Reins in Eco-City Plans"] in ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]''. 23 Dec 2008. Accessed 10 Jan 2015.</ref><ref>Fox, Jesse. [http://www.treehugger.com/sustainable-product-design/dongtan-chinas-flagship-ecocity-project-rip.html "Dongtan, China's Flagship Ecocity Project, R.I.P."] Treehugger, 5 Jan 2009. Accessed 10 Jan 2015.</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 h-12b.jpg|left|thumb|Map including Chongming Island]]
Chongming is about {{convert|81|km|sp=us}} running east and west and generally between {{convert|13|and|18|km|sp=us}} north to south, covering {{convert|1267|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}.<ref name="eoscmi"/> The island has an average elevation of {{convert|1.6|-|2.6|m|sp=us}} above [[sea level]], with the northwest and central areas somewhat higher than the southwest and eastern ones.<ref name=eoscmi/>

===Location===
Chongming is located in the [[Yangtze River]], dividing the river into northern and southern channels immediately prior to its entrance into the [[East China Sea]]. The island forms the northernmost part of the [[municipality of Shanghai]], separated by the Yangtze from [[Baoshan District, Shanghai|Baoshan]] and [[Pudong New Area]], which face each other across the mouth of the [[Huangpu River|Huangpu]]. In [[Jiangsu]], most of [[Haimen]] and [[Qidong City|Qidong]] are separated from Chongming by the northern channel of the Yangtze; [[Taicang County]], meanwhile, lies across the southern channel next to Shanghai's Baoshan District.<ref name=eos/>

Chongming is about two hours' distance from central Shanghai.<ref>Waldmeir, Patti. "[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c4fe010a-a324-11e5-8d70-42b68cfae6e4.html#axzz3vd3ptNwd China migration: Children of a revolution]." ''[[Financial Times]]''. December 27, 2015. Retrieved on December 29, 2015. "Her nine-year-old son, Zhou Nijun, was born in her rural village on Chongming Island, two hours from Shanghai."</ref>
{{anchor|Haiyong|Qilong}}

===Enclaves===
{{hatnote|Main: [[Haiyong Township|Haiyong]] & [[Qilong Township|Qilong
]]}}
Owing to the continuous expansion of the island, there are two [[List of enclaves and exclaves#Subnational pene-enclaves/exclaves (inaccessible districts)|pene-exclaves]] of [[Jiangsu]] present on the north shore of Chongming Island. The island of [[Yonglongsha]] appeared in the north channel of the [[Yangtze]] most recently in 1937 and was stabilized and expanded by workers from [[Nantong]] in [[Jiangsu]] during the late 1960s. Administration of the island was divided between Nantong's [[county-level cities|cities]] of [[Haimen]] and [[Qidong City|Qidong]]. Farms and then townships were established in both areas. Qidong's community of [[Qilong Township|Qilong]] was connected in 1972<ref name="shtong"/> and Haimen's [[Haiyong Township|Haiyong township]] joined separately in 1975. Haiyong is now around {{convert|12.5|sqkm|sp=us|abbr=on|sigfig=1}}<ref name=haigov>{{cite web|url=http://www.haiyong.gov.cn/zjhy.asp|title=海永简介 [''Hǎiyǒng Jiǎnjiè'', "Haiyong Summary"]|accessdate=23 February 2015|publisher=Haiyong People's Government|language=zh|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224065015/http://www.haiyong.gov.cn/zjhy.asp|archivedate=24 February 2015}}</ref> while Qilong now stretches along {{convert|20|km|sp=us}} of the north shore of the island. As it is usually only about {{convert|1.5|km|sp=us|abbr=on}} wide, however, its area is only around {{convert|36.8|sqkm|sp=us|abbr=on}}.
<!--===Geology===
===Climate===
==Demographics==-->

==Environment==
Efforts to improve water quality in local areas<ref>Jian Y.. 2015. [http://www.shanghaidaily.com/metro/environment/Work-starts-on-cleaner-water-for-city-suburbs/shdaily.shtml Work starts on cleaner water for city suburbs]. Shanghai Daily. Retrieved on July 25, 2017</ref> successfully resulted in notable recoveries.<ref>Jian Y.. 2017. [http://www.shanghaidaily.com/metro/society/Songjiang-water-so-much-cleaner/shdaily.shtml Songjiang water so much cleaner]. Shanghai Daily. Retrieved on July 25, 2017</ref> Furthermore, stable numbers of endangered [[finless porpoise]]s, have been discovered along the island where two subspecies may occur.<ref>Meiping Y.. 2017. [http://www.shanghaidaily.com/metro/society/Scientists-find-rare-finless-porpoise-pod/shdaily.shtml Scientists find rare finless porpoise pod]. The [[Shanghai Daily]]. Retrieved on July 25, 2017</ref>

==Landmarks==
Under its poetic name of ''Yingzhou'', various locales around the island were treated as its "8 views" during the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] [[list of Chinese dynasties|dynasties]].<ref name=jack>Li, Jack. [http://blog.chinatraveldepot.com/2011/08/chongming-island/ "Chongming Island"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118113959/http://blog.chinatraveldepot.com/2011/08/chongming-island/ |date=2015-01-18 }}. China Travel Depot, 17 August 2011. Accessed 18 Jan 2015.</ref>

Today, [[Dongping National Forest Park]] is located in the central part of the island. Dongping Forest Farm was established in 1959, opened to the public in 1989, and became a [[list of protected areas of China|nationally protected area]] in 1993. It is Shanghai's largest [[urban forest|forest park]], with artificially-planted trees covering {{convert|3.55|sqkm|sp=us}}. The island is also home to the [[Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve of Birds|Dongtan Nature Reserve]] and the [[Chongxi Wetland Park]],<ref name=eoscmi/> as well as the [[Chongming National Geological Park]].<ref name=eos/>

==Tourism==
The county runs two 4A-class attractions and four 3A-class attractions. The tourism<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chongming Shanghai|url = http://www.shanghaitourmap.com/Chongming-tour.html|website = www.shanghaitourmap.com|accessdate = 2014-10-19}}</ref> of the island focuses on three zones - East Chongming, Central Chongming and West Chongming. East Chongming features Dongtan Wetland Park and [[agritainment]] options in Yingdong Village and Nanjiang Village. Central Chongming features Dongping National Forest Park, agritainment options at Qianwei Village, Gaojia Zhuangyuan and Ruihua Orchard, Genbao Football Base, Chongming Xuegong (Chongming Museum), Jinaoshan Park, Shou'an Temple and Sanmin Cultural Village. West Chongming offers Mingzhu Lake Park, Xiling Resort, Xisha Wetland and agritainment at Lugang Village.

==Economy==
[[Chengqiao]]'s {{convert|10|sqkm|sp=us|adj=on}} Chongming Industrial Zone was established in March 1994 and promoted to municipal status in February 1996. It lies west of the town center and north of Nanmen Port.<ref name=dog>[http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node27118/node27873/node27997/n31510/n31512/u22ai73235.html "Shanghai Chongming Industrial Zone".] Shanghai Municipal Government, 2015.</ref>

Chongming is also a center of [[Shanghai]]'s shipbuilding and maritime equipment industries, whose main base is on nearby [[Changxing Island (Shanghai)|Changxing]].<ref name=eos>[http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx#50 "Chongming County" in the ''Encyclopedia of Shanghai'', pp.&nbsp;50&nbsp;ff.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302131933/http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx |date=2013-03-02 }} Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers (Shanghai), 2010. Hosted by the Municipality of Shanghai.</ref>
<!--==Education==-->
[[File:Confucian temple statues.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Chongming Confucian Temple]]]]

==Culture==
Chongming boasts one of Shanghai's three [[Confucian temple]]s, along with [[Shou'an Temple|Shou'an]] and [[Hanshan Temple (Chongming)|Hanshan Temple]]s, [[Mount Jin'ao]], and the tomb of [[Tang Yicen]].<ref name=eos/>

Annual festivals on Chongming include the Shanghai Chongming Forest Travel Festival,<ref>Jiang Xinhua. [http://www.shanghaidaily.com/Feature/art-and-culture/Chongming-festival-helps-tourists-get-back-to-nature/shdaily.shtml "Chongming Festival Helps Tourists Get Back to Nature"] in the ''[[Shanghai Daily]]''. 28 Sept 2013. Accessed 10 Jan 2015.</ref> Chongming Hairy Crab Festival, the Mingzhu Lake Cup Fishing Competition, the Qianwei Autumn Ecological and Cultural Festival, the Shanghai Fishermen Fun Festival, and the Chongming Cook Stove Painting Festival.<ref name=eos/> The Yu Sheng Cup,<ref name=yusheng>Kaushik [http://www.amusingplanet.com/2011/11/cricket-fighting-contests-in-china.html "Cricket Fighting Contests in China"]. ''Amusing Planet'', 9 Nov 2011. Accessed 11 Jan 2015.</ref> a national [[cricket fighting]] tournament,<ref name=eos/> is held annually outside the Xilai Ranch in [[Lühua]] during the [[National Day (PRC)|National Day]] holiday in early October, with a [[prize money|purse]] of {{nowrap|10,000 {{sc|[[rmb]]}}}}.<ref name=yusheng/>

The [[Tour of Chongming Island]] is an annual elite [[List of women's road bicycle races|international women's cycling race]] consisting of a one-day race and a stage race.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmhds.net/ |script-title=zh:崇明环岛赛官网 |title=Chóngmíng Huándǎo Sài Guānwǎng |trans-title=Tour of Chongming Island |access-date=23 February 2015 |date=2014 |script-website=zh:崇明县体育局 |website=Chóngmíng Xiàn Tǐyù Jú |trans-website=Chongming County Sports Authority |language=zh |archive-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219051213/http://www.cmhds.net/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Government==
{{main|Chongming District}}
Administratively, the Shanghai side of Chongming Island is divided among 15 [[town (PRC)|town]]s and 1 [[township (PRC)|township]] of Chongming County. The township of [[Xincun Township, Shanghai|Xincun]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|新村乡}})}} occupies the northernmost corner of the island. From northwest to southeast, the towns are [[Xinhai, Shanghai|Xinhai]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|新海镇}}),}} [[Lühua]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|绿华镇}}),}} [[Sanxing, Shanghai|Sanxing]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|三星镇}}),}} [[Miaozhen]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|庙镇}}),}} [[Dongping, Shanghai|Dongping]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|东平镇}}),}} [[Gangxi, Shanghai|Gangxi]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|港西镇}}),}} [[Jianshe, Shanghai|Jianshe]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|建设镇}}),}} [[Chengqiao]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|城桥镇}}),}} [[Xinhe, Shanghai|Xinhe]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|新河镇}}),}} [[Shuxin]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|竖新镇}}),}} [[Gangyan]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|港沿镇}}),}} [[Buzhen]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|堡镇镇}}),}} [[Xianghua, Shanghai|Xianghua]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|向化镇}}),}} [[Zhongxing, Shanghai|Zhongxing]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|中兴镇}}),}} and [[Chenjia, Shanghai|Chenjia]] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|陈家镇}}).}}<ref name=eos/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/sh/4893.html |script-title=zh:崇明县概况地图 |trans-title=Overview and map of Chongming County |work=XZQH |language=Chinese |accessdate=23 February 2015}}</ref> The Jiangsu side of the island is divided into [[Haiyong Township]] and [[Qilong Township]].

[[File:Shanghai S7 map.svg|thumb|250px|left|A map of [[Shanghai]]'s major arteries, including the completed [[G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway|Hushan]] and proposed [[S7 Shanghai–Chongming Expressway|Huchong Expressway]]s to Chongming.]]

==Infrastructure==
Whereas the island was previously only connected to the mainland by [[ferry]] service, the [[Shanghai Yangtze Bridge and Tunnel]] now connects [[Chenjia, Shanghai|Chenjia]] in southeastern Chongming with Shanghai via [[Changxing Island (Shanghai)|Changxing]] and the [[Chongqi Bridge]] connects Chenjia to [[Qidong City|Qidong]] in southeastern [[Jiangsu]]. The [[Chonghai Bridge]] under construction will link [[Xinhai, Shanghai|Xinhai]] at the west end of the island with [[Haimen District]] in [[Nantong]], [[Jiangsu]], while the proposed [[S7 Shanghai–Chongming Expressway|S7 (Huchong) Expressway]] would connect [[Chengqiao]] directly with [[Baoshan District, Shanghai|Baoshan]] across the Yangtze.<ref name=eos/>

The new bridges form part of the [[G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway|G40 (Hushan) Expressway]] connecting Shanghai and [[Xi'an]]. Chongming is also spanned by another 38 [[highways in the People's Republic of China|highways]]. The two major highways of the island run along its length, Beiyan Highway to the north and Chenhai Highway to the south. There are 41 [[Buses in Shanghai|bus lines]] in [[Chongming County]], accessing over 98% of its 227 communities.<ref name=eos/>

18 ferries still connect the island. [[Chengqiao]]'s Nanmen Port offers service to [[Shidongkou]] and [[Baoyang Road Ferry Terminal|Baoyang Rd]] in [[Baoshan District, Shanghai|Baoshan]] and to [[Liuhegang]] in southern Jiangsu; [[Xinhai, Shanghai|Xinhai]]'s Niupeng Harbor to [[Qinglonggang]] in [[Haimen]];<ref name=dog/> and other ports offer connections with [[Wusong]] and the two other islands of the county, [[Changxing Island (Shanghai)|Changxing]] and [[Hengsha Island|Hengsha]].<ref name=eos/>

==See also==
{{commons|Chongming}}
* [[Chongming District]]
* [[Islands of Shanghai]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [[Chongming District]]'s [http://english.shcm.gov.cn/portal/index/index.htm official English-language website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609124512/http://english.shcm.gov.cn/portal/index/index.htm |date=2019-06-09 }}

[[Category:Islands of Shanghai]]
[[Category:Chongming District]]