View source for Foreign relations of Eritrea

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Update|inaccurate=yes|reason=Major changes in the relationship with Ethiopia since 2018. Opening section should be rewritten|date=January 2022}}

{{Politics of Eritrea}}
The foreign relations of [[Eritrea]] are the policies of the Eritrean government by which it administers its external relations with other nations. Since its independence, Eritrea's foreign relations have been dominated by conflict and confrontation, both in the regional and international arenas. It has maintained often troubled, and usually violent, relations with its neighbors, including brief armed conflicts with Yemen and Djibouti and a destructive war with its bigger-neighbour, Ethiopia.<ref name="auto">Nur, Salih O. (2013) "Foreign Policy of Eritrea: Explained in the Light of Democratic Peace Proposition." International Journal of Peace and Development Studies 4(2): 23</ref> At present, Eritrea has very tense relations with neighboring [[Ethiopia]] and [[Djibouti]]. Relations in the international arena also have been strained since the last decade, particularly with major powers. What appeared cordial relations with the US in the 1990s turned acrimonious following [[Eritrean-Ethiopian War|the border war with Ethiopia, 1998-2000]].<ref name="auto"/> Although the two nations have a close working relationship regarding the ongoing war on terror, there has been a growing tension in other areas. Ties with international organizations such as the United Nations, the African Union, and the European Union have also been complicated in part because of Eritrea's outrage at their reluctance to force Ethiopia to accept a boundary commission ruling issued in 2002.<ref name="auto"/>

==International organizations==
Eritrea is a member of the [[United Nations]], the [[African Union]], and is an observing member of the [[Arab League]].

Eritrea holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ).

Eritrea also holds memberships in the [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]], [[International Finance Corporation]], [[International Criminal Police Organization]] (INTERPOL), [[Non-Aligned Movement]], [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]], [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]], [[Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa]], and the [[World Customs Organization]].

== Diplomatic relations ==
List of countries which Eritrea maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Eritrea.svg|frameless|425x425px]]
|-
!#
!Country
!Date
|-
|1
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{Dts|22 May 1993}}<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |title=Eritrea Update |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |year=1992}}</ref>
|-
|2
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|{{Dts|23 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxgOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Mr.+Jaafer+Hassen+Saleh,+Sudan%27s+Ambassador+to+Eritrea+presented+his+credentials+to+President+Issaias+Afwerki&pg=RA7-PA3 |title=Eritrea Update |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |year=1992 |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|{{DTS|24 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca Digital de Tratados |url=https://tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar/busqueda.php |access-date=27 June 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|4
|{{Flag|Italy}}
|{{DTS|24 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rivista di diritto internazionale - Volume 77 |publisher=Tip. dell 'Unione cooperativa editrice |year=1994 |pages=228 |language=it}}</ref>
|-
|5
|{{flag|Russia}}
|{{DTS|24 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Following a referendum on May 24, 1993, Eritrea was officially proclaimed to be an independent state, and on the same day the Russian Federation and the State of Eritrea established diplomatic relations |url=https://twitter.com/mfa_russia/status/1265015178602700808 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=MFA Russia}}</ref>
|-
|6
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries & Regions |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|7
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|{{Dts|24 May 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|8
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|{{dts|25 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=NCNK |pages=8–9}}</ref>
|-
|9
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{dts|1993|05|28|format=dmy}}<ref name="ties">{{cite web |title=Countries and regions A–Z |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044440/http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |archive-date=March 30, 2018 |access-date=April 1, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|10
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{dts|31 May 1993}}<ref name=":15">{{cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |language=bg}}</ref>
|-
|11
|{{flag|United States}}
|{{Dts|11 June 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Countries |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/all |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref>
|-
|12
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|{{dts|23 June 1993}}<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES V DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ÁFRICA. |url=https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|13
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{Dts|28 June 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|14
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|{{Dts|5 July 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|15
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|{{Dts|11 July 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|16
|{{flag|China}}
|{{Dts|14 July 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|17
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|{{Dts|15 July 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|18
|{{flag|Poland}}
|{{Dts|15 July 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|19
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|{{Dts|20 July 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Africa |url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/africa.aspx |access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|20
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|{{Dts|24 June 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avtal med Eritrea om uptättande av diplomatiska förbindelser. Asmara den 11 juni och Stockholm den 21 juni 1993 |url=https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/7979fe4fee4d4d11ae678e2e88030ce4/avtal-med-eritrea-om-uptattande-av-diplomatiska-forbindelser/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=regeringen.se |language=sv}}</ref>
|-
|21
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{Dts|2 August 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|22
|{{flag|Germany}}
|{{Dts|3 August 1993}}<ref name="Eritrea: Überblick">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea: Überblick |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/eritrea-node/eritrea/226174 |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|23
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}
|{{Dts|4 August 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|24
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|{{Dts|9 August 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|25
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{Dts|24 August 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|26
|{{flag|Japan}}
|{{Dts|31 August 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|27
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|{{Dts|3 September 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|28
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|{{Dts|14 September 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|29
|{{flag|India}}
|{{Dts|17 September 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|30
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|{{Dts|28 September 1993}}<ref name="webarkiv.ft.dk">{{Cite web |title=Pressemeddelelse: Danmark og Eritrea har i dag optaget diplomatiske forbindelser på ambassadørplan |url=https://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/19921/udvbilag/uru/almdel_bilag394.htm |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=webarkiv.ft.dk |language=da}}</ref>
|-
|31
|{{flag|Spain}}
|{{Dts|5 October 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|32
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|{{Dts|20 October 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|33
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|{{Dts|25 October 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|34
|{{flag|Israel}}
|{{Dts|28 October 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|35
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{Dts|28 October 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|36
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{Dts|16 November 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|37
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{Dts|20 November 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|38
|{{flag|Romania}}
|{{Dts|23 November 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|39
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{Dts|24 November 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|40
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{Dts|1 December 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|41
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{Dts|7 December 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|42
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{Dts|15 December 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|43
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{Dts|20 December 1993}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|44
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{Dts|6 January 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|45
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|{{Dts|28 January 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|46
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|{{dts|28 January 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|47
|{{flag|Austria}}
|{{Dts|9 March 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|48
|{{flag|Norway}}
|{{Dts|14 March 1994}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2013 |title=Norway Embassy in Eritrea Closed |work=Tesfa News |url=https://www.tesfanews.net/norway-embassy-in-eritrea-closed/ |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|49
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|{{Dts|22 March 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|50
|{{flag|France}}
|{{Dts|23 March 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|51
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|{{Dts|25 March 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|52
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{Dts|31 March 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|53
|{{flag|Oman}}
|{{Dts|30 April 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|54
|{{flag|Syria}}
|{{Dts|April 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|55
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|{{Dts|30 May 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|56
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|{{Dts|30 June 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|57
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|{{Dts|15 July 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|58
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|{{Dts|15 July 1994}}<ref name=":02" />
|-
|58
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|{{dts|16 October 1994}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Eritrea – Bilateral Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia |url=http://www.mfa.am/en/country-by-country/er/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325025755/http://www.mfa.am/en/country-by-country/er/ |archive-date=25 March 2017 |access-date=23 April 2017 |work=mfa.am}}</ref>
|-
|60
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|{{dts|22 December 1994}}<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Eritrea and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Eritrea+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref>
|-
|61
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|{{Dts|26 February 1995}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Štáty a teritóriá |url=https://www.mzv.sk/staty |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|62
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|{{dts|17 March 1995}}<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Department of International Relations and Cooperation - Bilateral agreements signed since 1994 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral1123.rtf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123215113/https://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral1123.rtf |archive-date=23 November 2022 |access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|63
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|8 June 1995}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|64
|{{flag|Greece}}
|{{dts|9 June 1995}}<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=10 June 1995 |title=FOREIGN RELATIONS |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/menu_Hab7895.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=The Horn of Africa Bulletin, July–August '95}}</ref>
|-
|65
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{dts|9 June 1995}}<ref name=":12" />
|-
|—
|{{flag|Holy See}}
|{{dts|15 July 1995}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See |url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=holyseemission.org}}</ref>
|-
|66
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|{{dts|2 December 1995}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|67
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|4 April 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Đogić |first=Mojca Pristavec |date=September 2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=sl}}</ref>
|-
|68
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 September 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref>
|-
|69
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{dts|7 November 1996}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|70
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|{{dts|8 November 1996}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|71
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{dts|4 February 1997}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2022 |title=The Republic of the Philippines and the State of Eritrea celebrate 25 years of formal diplomatic relations today, February 4! |url=https://twitter.com/DFAPHL/status/1489407261584031746 |access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|72
|{{flag|Libya}}
|{{dts|5 February 1998}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 10, Issue 6 - Volume 11, Issue 6 |publisher=Life & Peace Institute |year=1998 |pages=Page 5}}</ref>
|-
|73
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|29 August 1998}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations |url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=}}</ref>
|-
|74
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|{{dts|11 September 1998}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2005 |title=О вручении верительных грамот Президенту Беларуси Апостольским Нунцием Святого Престола, а также послами Замбии и Эритреи Источник |url=https://mfa.gov.by/press/news_mfa/c77d3b6fb9035dc9.html |access-date=30 July 2021 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|75
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{dts|1998}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2002 |title=Nigerian president visiting |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/35018/eritrea-nigerian-president-visiting}}</ref>
|-
|76
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{dts|4 June 1999}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=5 February 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia}}</ref>
|-
|77
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{dts|1999}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar |url=https://www.data.gov.my/data/dataset/30411e5d-8c25-47fb-940e-0d51149afe20/resource/fc684f56-c8bb-4f65-ab65-8eb5e68c9b5d/download/01-tarikh-penubuhan-hubungan-diplomatik-malaysia.xlsx |access-date=13 November 2021 |language=ms |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113141021/https://www.data.gov.my/data/dataset/30411e5d-8c25-47fb-940e-0d51149afe20/resource/fc684f56-c8bb-4f65-ab65-8eb5e68c9b5d/download/01-tarikh-penubuhan-hubungan-diplomatik-malaysia.xlsx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}
|{{dts|1999}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2022 |title=Ambassador Beresford-Hill Meets Ambassador Tesfamariam of Eritrea |url=https://unmissionny.orderofmalta.int/en/news/ambassador-beresford-hill-meets-ambassador-tesfamariam-of-eritrea/ |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|78
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{Date table sorting|13 September 2000}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
|-
|79
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{dts|30 March 2001}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Order of Precedence Among Heads of Diplomatic Missions |url=http://www.mfat.govt.nz/about/PRD/precedence.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020811164720/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/about/PRD/precedence.html |archive-date=11 August 2002 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=Diplomatic & Consular Representatives Accredited to NZ}}</ref>
|-
|80
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|{{dts|6 August 2001}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|81
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|{{dts|13 March 2002}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2002 |title=Ireland to establish diplomatic ties |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/30706/eritrea-ireland-establish-diplomatic-ties |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=The New Humanitarian}}</ref>
|-
|82
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{dts|25 April 2002}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|83
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|{{dts|7 April 2004}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|84
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{dts|20 April 2004}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|85
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|{{dts|21 April 2004}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|86
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|{{dts|13 May 2004}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|87
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|{{dts|26 August 2004}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2004 |title=Three envoys present Credentials to President |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Three-envoys-present-Credentials-to-President-64855 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref>
|-
|88
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|{{dts|6 October 2004}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|89
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|31 May 2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et}}</ref>
|-
|90
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{dts|19 September 2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf |access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|91
|{{flag|San Marino}}
|{{Dts|28 October 2005}}<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |title=Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino |url=https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/Relazioni-Internazionali/Rapporti-Bilaterali.html |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=it}}</ref>
|-
|92
|{{flag|Iran}}
|{{Date table sorting|31 May 2007}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=African Chronicle: A Fortnightly Record on Governance, Economy, Development, Human Rights, and Environment, Volume 8 |publisher=C.P. Chacko |year=2007 |pages=2308}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2007 |title=Eritrea: President Isaias Receives Credentials of 9 Ambassadors |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200706010284.html |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=allAfrica}}</ref>
|-
|93
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|{{Dts|13 July 2007}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2007 |title=Eritrea: Ambassador Presents Credentials to Tanzanian President |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200707131048.html |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=allAfrica}}</ref>
|-
|94
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|{{Date table sorting|28 September 2007}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS |url=http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do/ecc/Lists/Establecimiento%20de%20Relaciones%20Diplomticas/AllItems.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004004739/http://enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do/ecc/Lists/Establecimiento%20de%20Relaciones%20Diplomticas/AllItems.aspx |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=26 March 2022 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|95
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|{{dts|15 November 2007}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=10 July 2022 |language=}}</ref>
|-
|96
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{dts|18 March 2008}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|97
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{Date table sorting|2 October 2008}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Corps diplomatique accredité à Luxembourg - 2009 |url=https://ifs02.du.edu/Client/Diplomatic/Diplomatic%20Services/Archive/Diplomatic%20Lists/2009%20Luxembourg.pdf |access-date=29 November 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|98
|{{flag|Malta}}
|{{dts|18 December 2008}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|99
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|{{dts|2 February 2010}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|100
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|{{Dts|March 2010}}<ref name=":73">{{Cite news |date=29 April 2010 |title=Paraguay inició lazos diplomáticos con dos naciones africanas y con Georgia |language=es |url=https://www.paraguay.com/nacionales/paraguay-inicio-lazos-diplomaticos-con-dos-naciones-africanas-y-con-georgia-22767 |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|101
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|{{dts|12 April 2010}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|102
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|{{dts|27 June 2011}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|103
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|{{dts|11 July 2011}}<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-07-11 |title=Eritrea opens its Embassy in South Sudan after giving its official recognition |url=http://tesfanews.net/archives/2500 |access-date=2012-03-19 |publisher=Tesfanews.net |archive-date=2011-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020060602/http://tesfanews.net/archives/2500 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|104
|{{flag|Mali}}
|{{dts|16 February 2012}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2012 |title=More Than 20 Ambassadors Present Their Credentials To The Eritrean Government |url=https://tesfanews.net/more-than-20-ambassadors-present-their-credentials-to-the-eritrean-government/#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=tesfanews.net}}</ref>
|-
|105
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{dts|24 February 2012}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|106
|{{flag|Angola}}
|{{Date table sorting|11 March 2012}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2012 |title=Ambassador Saleh Omer presents credentials to President of the Republic of Angola |url=https://shabait.com/2012/03/12/ambassador-saleh-omer-presents-credentials-to-president-of-the-republic-of-angola/ |access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|107
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|{{dts|5 April 2012}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=mfa.gov.lv}}</ref>
|-
|108
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|{{dts|19 October 2012}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilateral cooperation |url=https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia}}</ref>
|-
|109
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|{{dts|10 December 2012}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2012 |title=Ambassador Saleh Omar presents credentials to President of Mozambique |url=https://shabait.com/2012/12/10/ambassador-saleh-omar-presents-credentials-to-president-of-mozambique/ |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|110
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|{{dts|13 March 2013}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|111
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|{{dts|24 March 2013}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|112
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{dts|27 February 2014}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|113
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|{{dts|10 October 2014}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 9, 2014 |title=President Isaias Afwerki Receives Credentials Of 25 Ambassadors |url=https://tesfanews.net/president-isaias-afwerki-receives-credentials-of-14-ambassadors/ |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=TesfaNews}}</ref>
|-
|114
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|{{dts|21 June 2015}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2015 |title=Lesotho: Ambassador Saleh Omar Presents Credentials to King of Lesotho |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201506221119.html |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=allAfrica}}</ref>
|-
|115
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|{{dts|16 August 2015}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2015 |title=L'ambassadeur de Mauritanie en Erythrée présente ses Lettres de Créance |url=https://ami.mr/fr/Depeche-32631.html/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=Agence Mauritanienne d'information |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|116
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{dts|7 December 2016}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|117
|{{flag|Eswatini}}
|{{dts|30 March 2017}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2017 |title=Ambassador Saleh Presents Credentials |url=https://shabait.com/2017/04/04/ambassador-saleh-presents-credentials/ |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=Ministry of Information Eritrea}}</ref>
|-
|118
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
|{{dts|12 April 2017}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2017 |title=Le Président de la République reçoit les lettres de créances des nouveaux ambassadeurs de l'Erythrée et de la Slovaquie |url=https://www.alwihdainfo.com/Le-President-de-la-Republique-recoit-les-lettres-de-creances-des-nouveaux-ambassadeurs-de-l-Erythr-ee-et-de-la-Slovaquie_a53286.html |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=alwihdainfo.com |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|119
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|{{dts|18 April 2017}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 April 2017 |title=President Isaias receives credentials of Ambassadors |url=https://shabait.com/2017/04/18/president-isaias-receives-credentials-of-ambassadors-3/ |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|120
|{{flag|Malawi}}
|{{dts|20 April 2017}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2017 |title=Rwanda, Palestine and Thailand envoys present letters of credence to Malawi President |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/rwanda-palestine-thailand-envoys-present-letters-credence-malawi-president/ |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=Nyasa Times}}</ref>
|-
|121
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|{{dts|31 October 2017}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|122
|{{Flag|Somalia}}
|{{dts|30 July 2018}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2018 |title=Somalia, Eritrea Mend Ties as Change Sweeps Horn of Africa |work=VOA News |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-eritrea-mend-ties-change-sweeps-horn-of-africa/4505695.html |access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|123
|{{Flag|Guinea}}
|{{dts|8 February 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2019 |title=L'Ambassadeur Soriba Camara a remis les copies figurees de ses Lettres de Creance a Son Excellence Monsieur Osman Saleh, Ministre de Affaires etrangeres de l'Etat de l'Erythree. |url=https://m.facebook.com/1530473600498986/photos/a.1657886047757740/2309734539239551/?type=3 |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=Ambassade de Guinee au Caire |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|124
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{dts|6 June 2019}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|125
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|{{dts|10 February 2021}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|126
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{dts|11 May 2021}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|127
|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{dts|12 October 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Présentation des lettres de créance au Chef de l'Etat. |url=https://presidence.td/diplomatie-presentation-des-lettres-de-creance-au-chef-de-letat/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |website=presidence.td |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|128
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|{{dts|17 November 2023}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=17 November 2023 |title=Eritrea: President Isaias Receives Credentials of Ambassadors |url=https://www.africa.com/eritrea-president-isaias-receives-credentials-of-ambassadors/ |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|129
|{{flag|Niger}}
|{{dts|17 November 2023}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 November 2023 |title=Diplomatie : L’ambassadeur du Niger en Erythrée présente ses lettres de créances |url=https://www.lesahel.org/diplomatie-lambassadeur-du-niger-en-erythree-presente-ses-lettres-de-creances/ |access-date=8 April 2024 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|130
|{{Flag|Saint Lucia}}
|{{dts|16 September 2024}}<ref name=":13" />
|}

==Bilateral relations==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Croatia}}||4 June 1999||See [[Foreign relations of Croatia|Croatia–Eritrea relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 1999<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview of Bilateral Treaties of the Republic of Croatia by Country |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/overview-of-bilateral-treaties-of-the-republic-of-croatia-by-country/22801?country=32 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=mvep.gov.hr}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Denmark}}
|28 September 1993
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1993<ref name="webarkiv.ft.dk"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pressemeddelelse: Danmark og Eritrea har i dag optaget diplomatiske forbindelser på ambassadørplan |url=https://www.ft.dk/da/search?q=Pressemeddelelse:%20Danmark%20og%20Eritrea%20har%20i%20dag%20optaget%20diplomatiske%20...&SearchDepthFull=1&sf=udb&msf=udb&as=1&Samling=&Udvalg=&Bilagstype=&PeriodenFrom=&PeriodenTo=&Udvalgsbilag=&Emneord= |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=ft.dk |language=da}}</ref>                                                                 See [[Denmark–Eritrea relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||22 May 1993||See [[Eritrea–Ethiopia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1993 when first Ambassador of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia's to Eritrea Mr. Awalom Woldu Tuku presented his credentials to President Issaias Afwerki.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxgOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Awalom+Woldu+Tuku+presented+his+credentials&pg=RA7-PA3 |title=Eritrea Update |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |year=1992 |access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> Diplomatic relations were broken on 12 May 1998 when Ethiopia and Eritrea went to war over the disputed border area of Badme.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alexander De Waal |title=Islamism and Its Enemies in the Horn of Africa |publisher=C. Hurst |year=2004 |pages=211}}</ref> Diplomatic relations were restored on 8 July 2018<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leaders of Ethiopia, Eritrea restore diplomatic relations after 20-year standoff |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ethiopia-eritrea-restore-diplomatic-relations-1.4738578 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=cbc.ca}}</ref>

Eritrea's foreign relations with [[Ethiopia]] are adversarial.<ref>{{cite news
|url= https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/06/14/world/africa/ap-af-ethiopia-eritrea-border-attack.html |title= Ethiopia, Eritrea Accuse Each Other of Starting Border Fight |publisher=NYT |date=2016-06-14 |access-date=2016-06-14 |location=NYC}}</ref>  Immediately after Eritrea's independence from Ethiopia, relations were cordial despite the former relationship. Since independence Eritrea's relationship with Ethiopia was entirely political, especially in the resuscitation and expansion of [[IGAD]]'s scope. Since 1998 and the [[Eritrean–Ethiopian War]], the relationship became increasingly hostile.

In December 2000, Eritrea and Ethiopia signed a [[Algiers Agreement (2000)|peace treaty]] ending their war and created a pair of binding judicial commissions, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission and the Eritrean-Ethiopian Claims Commission,  to rule on their disputed border and related claims. In April 2002 The Commission released its decision (with a clarification in 2003).<ref>{{cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4041073.stm| title = Q&A: Horn's bitter border war| publisher = BBC| date = 2005-12-07| access-date = 2006-06-07| location=London}}</ref> Disagreements following the war have resulted in stalemate punctuated by periods of elevated tension and renewed threats of war.<ref name="horntension1">{{cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3457957.stm| title = Horn tensions trigger UN warning| publisher = BBC| date = 2004-02-04| access-date = 2006-06-07| location=London}}</ref><ref name="horntension3">{{cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4555892.stm| title = Horn border tense before deadline| publisher = BBC| date = 2005-12-23| access-date = 2006-06-07| location=London}}</ref> Since these decisions Ethiopia has refused to permit the physical demarcation of the border while Eritrea insists the border must be demarcated as defined by the commission. Consequently, the Boundary Commission ruled boundary as virtually demarcated and effective.

Eritrea maintains a military force on its border with Ethiopia roughly equal in size to Ethiopia's force, which has required a general mobilization of a significant portion of the population.<ref>{{cite news| url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4400580.stm| title = Army build-up near Horn frontier| publisher = BBC| date = 2005-11-02| access-date = 2006-06-07 | location=London}}</ref> Eritrea has viewed this border dispute as an existential threat to itself in particular and the African Union in general, because it deals with the supremacy of colonial boundaries in Africa.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2916635.stm | title=Eritrea warns Ethiopia on border|date=2003-04-04|access-date=2012-02-01|work=BBC News}}</ref> Since the border conflict Ethiopia no longer uses Eritrean ports for its trade.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2488499.stm| title= Ethiopia rejects Eritrean ports| date=2002-11-18| access-date=2012-02-01| work=BBC News}}</ref>

During the border conflict and since, Ethiopia has fostered militants against Eritrea (including ethnic separatists and religiously based organizations).<ref>{{cite news | title=Eritrea Accuses Ethiopia of Border Attacks | date=27 December 2007 | publisher=Voice of America | url=http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-27-voa44.cfm | work=VOA News | access-date=2008-12-27 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729160613/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-27-voa44.cfm | archive-date=2012-07-29 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Eritrea has retaliated by hosting militant groups against Ethiopia as well. The United Nations Security Council argues that Eritrea and Ethiopia have expanded their dispute to a second theater, [[Somalia]].<ref>{{cite book
  | title = Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia pursuant to Security Council resolution 1853 (2008)
  | publisher = Monitoring Group on Somalia
  | date = 2010-03-10
  | url = https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2010/91}}</ref>

In March 2012, Ethiopia attacked Eritrean army outposts along the border. Addis Ababa said the assault was in retaliation for the training and support given by Asmara to subversives while Eritrea said the U.S. knew of the attacks, an accusation denied by U.S. officials.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/eritrean_president_discusses_path_to_development/727263.html|title=Eritrean President Discusses Path to Development|website=VOA|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref>

In July 2018, leaders both countries [[2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit|signed]] a peace treaty to put a formal end to a state of war between both nations paving the way for greater economic cooperation and improved ties between them.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-eritrea-economy-idUSKBN1JZ2KS|title=Ex-foes Ethiopia, Eritrea eye peace dividend after historic deal|newspaper=Reuters|date=9 July 2018|access-date=30 December 2018|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>
* Eritrea has an embassy in [[Addis Ababa]].
* Ethiopia has an embassy in [[Asmara]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Finland}}||28 May 1993||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finland and Eritrea |url=https://finlandabroad.fi/web/eri/finland-and-eritrea |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=finlandabroad.fi}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}
|3 August 1993
|See [[Eritrea–Germany relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1993<ref name="Eritrea: Überblick"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel}}||24 May 1993||See [[Eritrea–Israel relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1993.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts. Part 4, The Middle East, Africa, and Latin America |publisher=Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1993 |pages=5}}</ref>

Eritrea developed relations with Israel shortly after gaining its independence in 1993, despite protests among Arab countries. Israeli-Eritrean relations are close. The president of Eritrea has visited Israel for medical treatment. However, Eritrea condemned Israeli military action during the [[Gaza War (2008–09)|2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.shabait.com/staging/publish/article_009246.html |title = WebCite query result |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090125141157/http://www.shabait.com/staging/publish/article_009246.html |archive-date=25 January 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Israeli-Eritrean ties are complicated by Israel's close ties to Ethiopia, who have shared an unfriendly dyad with Eritrea for a long time.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||24 May 1993||See [[Eritrea–Italy relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=Serie generale n. 164: 24 maggio 1993, Asmara. 376. 30 marzo 1993. 247. Dichiarazione congiunta sulla instaurazione delle relazioni diplomatiche tra Italia e Eritrea. |url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/do/atto/serie_generale/caricaPdf?cdimg=093A384200100010110001&dgu=1993-07-15&art.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1993-07-15&art.codiceRedazionale=093A3842&art.num=1&art.tiposerie=SG |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=gazzettaufficiale.it |language=it}}</ref>
* Eritrea has an embassy in [[Rome]] and a consulate in [[Milan]].
* Italy has an embassy in Asmara.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mexico}}||23 June 1993||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES V DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ÁFRICA |url=https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=infosen.senado.gob.mx |page=10 |language=es}}</ref>
* Eritrea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embassyeritrea.org/|title=The Embassy of Eritrea - Washington D.C.|website=www.embassyeritrea.org|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Eritrea from its embassy in [[Cairo, Egypt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/egipto |title=Embassy of Mexico in Egypt |publisher=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|North Korea}}
|1993
|Despite Pyongyang's alignment with Ethiopia during the Eritrean War of Independence, Eritrea has maintained diplomatic relations with North Korea since the 1990s. Covert military ties also exist between Eritrea and North Korea.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Solomon |first1=Salem |title=US Imposes New Sanctions on Eritrea's Navy Over North Korea Links |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-sanctions-eritrea-navy-over-north-korea-links/3802651.html |access-date=12 January 2023 |date=8 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Portugal}}
|8 June 1995
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1995 when Ambassador of Portugal to Eritrea with residence in Nairobi Mr. José Caetano da Costa Pereira presented his credentials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eritreia |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises-geral/eritreia |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt |language=pt}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Qatar}}||5 July 1993<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=Eritrea Update, August 1993 |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |pages=Page 2}}</ref>||
During the [[2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis]], Eritrea refused a request by Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates to cut relations with [[Qatar]], citing its "strong ties with the brother people of Qatar."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Atılgan|first1=Ayşe Hümeyra|title=Eritrea rejects cutting ties with Qatar|url=http://aa.com.tr/en/africa/eritrea-rejects-cutting-ties-with-qatar/838490|publisher=Anadolu Agency|access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}}||24 May 1993||See [[Eritrea–Russia relations]]
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=Following a referendum on May 24, 1993, Eritrea was officially proclaimed to be an independent state, and on the same day the Russian Federation and the State of Eritrea established diplomatic relations |url=https://twitter.com/mfa_russia/status/1265015178602700808 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=MFA Russia}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sudan}}||24 May 1993,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Eritrea Update, July 1993 |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |pages=Page 3}}</ref> diplomatic relations were broken from 5 December 1994 to 2 May 1999||
Eritrea broke diplomatic relations with the [[Sudan]] in December 1994. This action was taken after a long period of increasing tension between the two countries due to a series of cross-border incidents involving the [[Eritrean Islamic Jihad]] (EIJ). Although the attacks did not pose a threat to the stability of the [[Government of Eritrea]] (the infiltrators have generally been killed or captured by government forces), the Eritreans believe the [[National Islamic Front]] (NIF) in [[Khartoum]] supported, trained, and armed the insurgents. After many months of negotiations with the Sudanese to try to end the incursions, the Government of Eritrea concluded that the NIF did not intend to change its policy and broke relations. Subsequently, the Government of Eritrea hosted a conference of Sudanese opposition leaders in June 1995 in an effort to help the opposition unite and to provide a credible alternative to the present government in Khartoum.  Eritrea resumed diplomatic relations with Sudan on December 10, 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sudan, Eritrea resume severed diplomatic relations |url=http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/051210/2005121017.html |access-date=2006-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116142921/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/051210/2005121017.html |archive-date=2007-01-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since then, Sudan has accused Eritrea, along with [[Chad]], of supporting rebels.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/printable_article/13898 Eritrea, Chad accused of aiding Sudan rebels] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120629064002/http://www.afrol.com/printable_article/13898 |date=2012-06-29 }}, ''afrol News'', September 7. Retrieved 2009-03-15</ref>
The undemarcated border with Sudan previously posed a problem for Eritrean external relations.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3400575.stm
| title = Eritrea-Sudan relations plummet
| publisher = BBC
| date = 2004-01-15
| access-date = 2006-06-07
| location=London}}</ref>

After a high-level delegation to the Sudan from the Eritrean Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ties are being normalized. While normalization of ties continues, Eritrea has been recognized as a broker for peace between the separate factions of the Sudanese civil war. "It is known that Eritrea played a role in bringing about the peace agreement [between the Southern Sudanese and Government],"<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=12393
 |title=Turabi terms USA "world's ignoramuses", fears Sudan's partition
 |publisher=Sudan Tribune
 |date=2005-11-04
 |access-date=2006-06-07
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718155147/http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=12393
 |archive-date=2006-07-18
 |url-status=dead
}}</ref> while the Sudanese Government and Eastern Front rebels have requested Eritrea to mediate peace talks.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=15117
 |title=Sudan demands Eritrean mediation with eastern Sudan rebels
 |publisher=Sudan Tribune
 |date=2006-04-18
 |access-date=2006-06-07
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519014705/http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=15117
 |archive-date=2006-05-19
 |url-status=dead
}}</ref>
The Eritrean President, Isaias Afewerki, and his Sudanese counterpart Omar Al-Bashir held talks in Asmara on a number of bilateral issues of mutual concern to the two East African countries. The talks dealt with enhancing bilateral ties and cooperation including making their shared border more open. Sudan and Eritrea agreed to abolish entry visa requirements, opening their common borders for free movement of both nationals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/Eritrean-Sudanese-leaders-hold,42703|title=Eritrean, Sudanese leaders hold talks in Asmara - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan|website=www.sudantribune.com|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> In 2011, Eritrea and Sudan cooperated in the building of the  Kassala-Al Lafa Highway linking the two countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sudan-Eritrea road to boost ties: Emir|url=http://www.qatar-tribune.com/data/20111027/content.asp?section=first1_1|access-date=2011-10-27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131235659/http://www.qatar-tribune.com/data/20111027/content.asp?section=first1_1|archive-date=2013-01-31|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"

|{{flag|Turkey}}||19 July 1993||See also [[Eritrea–Turkey relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy |url=http://asmara.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=Turkish Embassy in Asmara}}</ref>
* The Embassy of [[Eritrea]] in [[Doha]] is accredited to Turkey.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr">{{Cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Eritrea|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-eritrea.en.mfa}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Asmara]].<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>
* Trade volume between the two countries was US$13.9 million in 2019.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>
|- valign="top"

|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||28 June 1993<ref name=":1" />||
The [[United Arab Emirates]] are a member of the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|Saudi-led coalition]] against [[Houthi insurgency in Yemen|Houthi rebels in Yemen]]. Foreign Minister [[Osman Saleh Mohammed]] is quoted stating the UAE are using "logistical facilities at the port and airport" in the southern city of [[Assab]].<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36469286|title=Has Eritrea's migration problem been exaggerated?|work=BBC|date=8 June 2016}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] reported that the UAE maintains a detention facility at the Assab base, where it may have transferred high-profile prisoners out of [[Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/22/yemen-uae-backs-abusive-local-forces |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=June 22, 2017 |title=Yemen: UAE Backs Abusive Local Forces |quote=Human Rights Watch was not able to verify these claims, but according to lawyers and activists, as well as relatives of men who had been disappeared, the UAE was transferring high-level detainees outside of Yemen. According to one of the activists, about 15 people accused of being members of AQAP or IS-Y had been transferred to the base the UAE has been developing in Eritrea's port city, Assab, over the past two years. A man whose relatives had been disappeared said at least five officials told him the UAE transferred the men outside of Yemen, including three who said the men were being held in Eritrea.}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United States}}||11 June 1993||See [[Eritrea–United States relations]]

Diplomatic relations between the United States and the State of Eritrea were established on June 11, 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Eritrea |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/eritrea |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref>
* Eritrea has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]]
* The United States has an embassy in [[Asmara]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Yemen}}||24 May 1993<ref name=":2" />||
A [[Hanish Islands conflict|dispute]] with [[Yemen]] over the [[Hanish Islands]] in 1996 resulted in a brief war. As part of an agreement to cease hostilities, the nations agreed to refer the issue to the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] at [[the Hague]]. At the conclusion of the proceedings, both nations acquiesced to the 1998 decision which said sovereignty should be shared.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/192667.stm
| title = Flights back on between Yemen and Eritrea
| publisher = BBC
| date = 1998-12-13
| access-date = 2006-06-07
 | location=London}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Arab–Eritrean relations]]
* [[Eritrea–United States relations]]
* [[Denmark–Eritrea relations]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Eritrea]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Eritrea]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Foreign relations of Eritrea}}
{{Africa in topic|Foreign relations of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations Of Eritrea}}
[[Category:Foreign relations of Eritrea| ]]