View source for Gouania meyenii

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Gouania meyenii (4743393931).jpg
|status=CR
|status_system=IUCN3.1
|status_ref=<ref>{{cite iucn|author1=Keir, M.|author2=Kwon, J.|author3=Gon, S.M.|author4=Sugii, N.|author5=Chau, M.|author6=Bruegmann, M.|author7=Caraway, V.L.|author8=Sporck-Koehler, M.|year=2016|title=''Gouania meyenii''|errata=2017|page=e.T80090580A115500417|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T80090580A80090595.en|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref>
|status2 = G1
|status2_system = TNC
|status2_ref = <ref name=tnc>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.128581/Gouania_meyenii|title=''Gouania meyenii''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|author=NatureServe|publisher=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=31 May 2024|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref>
|genus = Gouania
|species = meyenii
|authority = [[Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel|Steud.]]
}}

'''''Gouania meyenii''''' is a rare [[species]] of flowering [[plant]] known by the [[common name]] '''smoothfruit chewstick'''{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} or '''Meyen's gouania'''.<ref name=tnc/>  It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Hawaii]], where it is known only from [[Oahu]] and [[Kauai]].<ref name=tnc/> It is estimated that there are between 38 and 63 individuals of this species remaining in the wild.<ref name=five>USFWS. [http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc3327.pdf ''Gouania meyenii'' Five-year Review.] August 2010.</ref> It is a federally listed [[endangered species]] of the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3893|title=No common name (''Gouania meyenii'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref><ref name=fr56>{{cite journal|last1=Ellshoff|first1=Z.E.|last2=Yoshioka|first2=J.M.|last3=Canfield|first3=J.E.|last4=Herbst|first4=D.R.|journal=Federal Register|volume=56|issue=209|date=29 October 1991|title=Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status for 26 Plants From the Waianae Mountains, Island of Oahu, Hawaii|pages=55770-55786}} {{Federal Register|56|55770}}</ref>

This is a [[shrub]] with stems growing erect or spreading{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} and growing up to {{convert|7|ft|m}} in height. The leaves have [[oval]] blades up to 7 centimeters long by 4.5 wide<ref name=fr56/>{{rp|55774}} borne on short [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]].{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} The [[inflorescence]] is a [[Cyme (botany)|cyme]] of several flowers with tiny white [[petals]] and slightly larger white [[sepal]]s no more than 3 millimeters long. The small winged [[fruit]] contains brown [[seeds]].<ref name=fr56/>{{rp|55774}}

This shrub grows in dry or moist forest and shrubland habitat in the [[Waianae Mountains]] of [[Oahu]] and [[Nā Pali Coast State Park]] on Kauai. It is associated with other plants such as [[Acacia koa|koa]] (''Acacia koa''), [[Alyxia stellata|maile]] (''Alyxia stellata''), [[Bidens torta|kookoolau]] (''Bidens torta''), [[Diospyros sandwicensis|lama]] (''Diospyros sandwicensis''), [[Dodonaea viscosa|aalii]] (''Dodonaea viscosa''), and [[Dubautia plantaginea|naenae]] (''Dubautia plantaginea'').<ref name=five/>

Threats to this rare species and its habitat include [[introduced species|introduced plant species]], such as [[Ageratina riparia|mistflower]] (''Ageratina riparia''), [[Grevillea robusta|silk oak]] (''Grevillea robusta''), [[Kalanchoe pinnata|airplant]] (''Kalanchoe pinnata''), [[Lantana camara|lantana]] (''Lantana camara''), [[Leucaena leucocephala|haole koa]] (''Leucaena leucocephala'').<ref name=five/> [[Feral pig]]s and [[feral goat]]s degrade the habitat.<ref name=five/> Fire, rockslides, and landslides can also damage populations.<ref name=tnc/> 

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=GOME USDA Plants Profile]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5588122}}

[[Category:Gouania|meyenii]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Hawaii]]
[[Category:ESA endangered species]]

{{Rhamnaceae-stub}}