View source for List of political ideologies

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In [[political science]], a [[political ideology]] is a certain set of [[Ethics|ethical]] [[Ideal (ethics)|ideals]], [[principle]]s, [[doctrine]]s, myths or [[symbol]]s of a [[social movement]], institution, class or [[Social group|large group]] that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural [[blueprint]] for a certain [[social order]]. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate [[Power (sociology)|power]] and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of [[moral entrepreneur]]s, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best [[Forms of government|form of government]] (e.g. [[autocracy]] or [[democracy]]) and the best [[economic system]] (e.g. [[capitalism]] or [[socialism]]). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, [[communism]] has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to [[Soviet-type economic planning|Soviet-type regimes]] and [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.<ref>Roberts, Andrew (2004). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/state-of-socialism-a-note-on-terminology/4C742B00BE0D00ED3F0BE855097DE5F7 ''The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology'']. Cambridge University Press. 63 (2). 349–366.</ref>

Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".<ref>D. McLellan, ''Ideology'', [[University of Minnesota Press]], 1986, p. 1.</ref> While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the [[political spectrum]] (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. [[populism]] as it is commonly defined) and from [[Single-issue politics|single issues]] around which a party may be built (e.g. [[civil libertarianism]] and [[Pro-Europeanism|support]] or [[Euroscepticism|opposition to European integration]]), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.<ref>Bouchard, T. J.; McGue, M. (2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". ''Journal of Neurobiology''. 54 (1). 44–45.</ref><ref>Eaves, L. J.; Eysenck, H. J. (1974). "Genetics and the development of social attitudes". ''Nature''. 249, 288–289.</ref><ref>Hatemi, P. K.; Medland, S. E.; Morley, K. I.; Heath, A. C.; Martin, N. G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". ''Behavior Genetics''. 37 (3). 435–448.</ref><ref>Hatemi, P. K.; Hibbing, J.; Alford, J.; Martin, N.; Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". ''Political Research Quarterly''. 62 (3). 584–600.</ref><ref>Settle, J. E.; Dawes, C. T.; Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". ''Political Research Quarterly''. 62 (3). 601–613.</ref>

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

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== Anarchism ==
{{Anarchism sidebar}}{{main|Anarchism}}
[[File:Anarchy-symbol-red&black.svg|thumb|Anarchy symbol]]
{{further|Anarchist schools of thought|Glossary of anarchism|Outline of anarchism}}
; Political internationals
* Anarkismo ([[platformism]] and [[specifism]])
* [[Informal Anarchist Federation]] ([[insurrectionary anarchism]])
* [[International of Anarchist Federations]] ([[synthesis anarchism]])
* [[International Confederation of Labor]] ([[anarcho-syndicalism]] and [[revolutionary syndicalism]])
* [[IWA–AIT|International Workers' Association]] ([[anarcho-syndicalism]])

=== Classical ===
{{main|Classical anarchism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Individualist anarchism]]
** [[Egoist anarchism]]
*** [[The Right to Be Greedy|Communist egoism]]
*** [[Illegalism]]
**** [[Expropriative anarchism]]
** [[Philosophical anarchism]]
* [[Libertarianism#Etymology|Libertarianism]]
** [[Left-libertarianism#Definition|Left-libertarianism]]
*** [[Libertarian socialism]]
* [[Mutualism (economic theory)|Mutualism]]
* [[Social anarchism]]
** [[Anarcho-communism]]
** [[Anarcho-syndicalism]]
** [[Collectivist anarchism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Post-classical ===
{{main|Post-classical anarchism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarcha-feminism]]
* [[Anarchism without adjectives]]
** [[Synthesis anarchism]]
* [[Anarcho-pacifism]]
* [[Anarcho-punk]]
* [[Green anarchism]]
** [[Anarcho-naturism]]
** [[Anarcho-primitivism]]
** [[Communalism (Bookchin)|Communalism]]
*** [[Eco-communalism]]
*** [[Libertarian municipalism]]
**** [[Democratic confederalism]]
*** [[Social ecology (Bookchin)|Social ecology]]
** [[Veganarchism]]
* [[Insurrectionary anarchism]]
* [[Makhaevism]]
* [[Platformism]]
** [[Makhnovism]]
** [[Specifism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Contemporary ===
{{main|Contemporary anarchism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarcho-transhumanism]]
* [[Black anarchism]]
* [[Communization]]
* [[Free-market anarchism]]
* [[Post-anarchism]]
* [[Post-colonial anarchism]]
* [[Post-left anarchism]]
* [[Queer anarchism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Anarchism#Criticism|Anti-anarchism]]
* [[Authoritarianism]]

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Religious anarchism|Anarchism and religion}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Buddhist anarchism]]
* [[Christian anarchism]]
** [[Catholic Worker Movement]]
** [[Diggers]]
** [[Tolstoyan movement]]
* [[Religious anarchism|Hindu anarchism]]
* [[Islamic anarchism]]
* [[Jewish anarchism]]
** [[Anarchism and Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish anarchism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
{{main|List of anarchist movements by region}}

==== African ====
{{main|Anarchism in Africa}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarchism in Algeria|Algeria]]
* [[Anarchism in Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[Anarchism in Morocco|Morocco]]
* [[Anarchism in Nigeria|Nigeria]]
* [[Anarchism in South Africa|South Africa]]
* [[Anarchism in Tunisia|Tunisia]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{main|History of anarchism#Americas|l1=Anarchism in America}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[List of anarchist movements by region#South America|Latin America]]
** [[Anarchism in Argentina|Argentina]]
***[[Horizontalidad]]
** [[Anarchism in Bolivia|Bolivia]]
** [[Anarchism in Brazil|Brazil]]
** [[Anarchism in Chile|Chile]]
** [[Anarchism in Colombia|Colombia]]
** [[Anarchism in Cuba|Cuba]]
** [[Anarchism in Ecuador|Ecuador]]
** [[Anarchism in French Guiana|French Guiana]]
** [[Anarchism in Mexico|Mexico]]
*** [[Neozapatismo|Neo-Zapatism]]
*** [[Magonism]]
*** [[Zapatismo|Zapatism]]
** [[Anarchism in Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]]
** [[Anarchism in Venezuela|Venezuela]]
* [[List of anarchist movements by region#North America|North America]]
** [[Anarchism in Canada|Canada]]
** [[Anarchism in the United States|United States]]
*** [[Individualist anarchism in the United States|Individualist anarchism]]
***[[Anarcho-capitalism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{main|Anarchism in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarchism in Armenia|Armenia]]
* [[Anarchism in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
* [[Anarchism in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
* [[Anarchism in China|China]]
** [[Anarchism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
* [[Anarchism in East Timor|East Timor]]
* [[Anarchism in Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[Anarchism in Georgia|Georgia]]
* [[Anarchism in India|India]]
* [[Anarchism in Indonesia|Indonesia]]
* [[Anarchism in Israel|Israel]]
* [[Anarchism in Japan|Japan]]
* [[Anarchism in Korea|Korea]]
* [[Anarchism in Malaysia|Malaysia]]
* [[Anarchism in Mongolia|Mongolia]]
* [[Anarchism in the Philippines|Philippines]]
* [[Anarchism in Singapore|Singapore]]
* [[Anarchism in Syria|Syria]]
** [[Democratic confederalism]]
* [[Anarchism in Turkey|Turkey]]
* [[Anarchism in Vietnam|Vietnam]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|Individualist anarchism in Europe|l1=Anarchism in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarchism in France|France]]
** [[Individualist anarchism in France|Individualist anarchism]]
* [[Anarchism in Germany|Germany]]
* [[Anarchism in Greece|Greece]]
* [[Anarchism in Iceland|Iceland]]
* [[Anarchism in Ireland|Ireland]]
* [[Anarchism in Italy|Italy]]
* [[Anarchism in Monaco|Monaco]]
* [[Anarchism in Poland|Poland]]
* [[Anarchism in Romania|Romania]]
* [[Anarchism in Russia|Russia]]
** [[Narodnism]]
* [[Anarchism in Spain|Spain]]
**[[Cantonalism]]
* [[Anarchism in Sweden|Sweden]]
* [[Anarchism in Ukraine|Ukraine]]
* [[Anarchism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|List of anarchist movements by region#Anarchism in Oceania|l1=Anarchism in Oceania}}
* [[Anarchism in Australia|Australia]]
* [[Anarchism in New Zealand|New Zealand]]

== Authoritarianism ==
{{main|Authoritarianism}}

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Absolute monarchy|Absolute monarchism]]
* [[Autocracy]]
** [[Caudillismo]]
* [[Despotism]]
** [[Soft despotism]]
* [[Dictatorship]]
** [[Benevolent dictatorship]]
** [[Constitutional dictatorship]]
** [[Dictablanda]]
** [[Military dictatorship]]
*** [[Stratocracy]]
** [[Right-wing dictatorship]]
* [[Imperialism]]
** [[Civilizing mission]]
** [[Colonialism]]
*** [[Exploitation colonialism]]
*** [[Internal colonialism]]
*** [[Neocolonialism]]
*** [[Settler colonialism]]
**** [[Lebensraum]]
**** [[Manifest destiny]]
***[[Slavocracy]]
* [[Kraterocracy]]
** [[Mafia state]]
* [[Managerial state]]
* [[Ochlocracy]]
* [[Oligarchy]]
**[[Pythagoreanism]]
**[[Aristocracy]]
**[[Minoritarianism]]
* [[One-party state]]
** [[Communist state]]
* [[Plutocracy]]
** [[Corporatocracy]]
* [[Police state]]
** [[Counterintelligence state]]
* [[Soft authoritarianism]]
* [[Soft despotism]]
* [[Totalitarianism]]
** [[Totalitarian democracy]]
* [[Transnational repression]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Authoritarian capitalism]]
** [[Corporate capitalism]]
** [[State capitalism]]
* [[Authoritarian socialism]]
** [[Leninism]]
*** [[Stalinism]]
*** [[Trotskyism]]
*** [[Castroism]]
*** [[Titoism]]
*** [[Marxism–Leninism]]
** [[Anti-revisionism (Marxism–Leninism)|Anti-revisionary Marxism]]
*** [[Hoxhaism]]
*** [[Maoism]]
**[[Blanquism]]
* [[Authoritarian conservatism]]
** [[Fitzhughism]]
** [[Monarchism]]
* [[Authoritarian democracy]]
* [[Authoritarian populism]]
* [[Byzantinism]]
* [[Digital authoritarianism]]
* [[Ecoauthoritarianism]]
* [[Liberal autocracy]]
* [[Minoritarianism]]
* [[Neo-feudalism]]
* [[Ultranationalism|Far-right ultranationalism authoritarianism]]
**[[Fascism]]
*** [[Falangism]]
*** [[Nazism]]
*** [[Neo-fascism]]
**** [[Neo-Nazism]]
***** [[National Bolshevism]]
***** [[Nazi-Maoism]]
**** [[Neo-Legionarism]]
**** [[Third Position]]ism

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Anti-fascism]]
* [[Criticism of monarchy|Anti-monarchism]]
* [[Decolonization]]

=== Religious variants ===
* [[Theocracy]]

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Central African Empire|Central African Republic]]
* [[Mobutism|Congo]]
* [[National Democratic Party (Egypt)|Egypt]]
* [[Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]]
* [[Politics of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi|Libya]]
* [[Apartheid|South Africa]]
* [[Omar al-Bashir|Sudan]]
* [[Idi Amin|Uganda]]
* [[ZANU–PF|Zimbabwe]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[National Reorganization Process|Argentina]]
* [[History of Bolivia (1964–82)|Bolivia]]
* [[Military dictatorship in Brazil|Brazil]]
* [[Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)|Chile]]
* [[Progressive Action Party|Cuba]]
* [[Rafael Trujillo|Dominican Republic]]
* [[1954 Guatemalan coup d'état|Guatemala]]
* [[Military dictatorship of Haiti (1957-1986)|Haiti]]
* [[2009 Honduran coup d'état|Honduras]]
* [[Porfiriato|Mexico]]
* [[Nationalist Liberal Party|Nicaragua]]
* [[Manuel Noriega|Panama]]
* [[El Stronato|Paraguay]]
* [[Inverted totalitarianism|United States]]
* [[Madurismo|Venezuela]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Taliban|Afghanistan]]
* [[Khmer Rouge#Ideology|Cambodia]]
* [[Neoauthoritarianism (China)|China]]
** [[Chiangism]]
* [[New Order (Indonesia)|Indonesia]]
* [[Ba'athism|Iraq]]
* [[Ideology of the Iranian Revolution|Iran]]
* [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|Japan]]
* [[Nur Otan|Kazakhstan]]
* [[Military dictatorship in Burma|Myanmar]]
* [[Juche|North Korea]]
* [[Islamization in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
** [[Ziaism]]
* [[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan|Philippines]]
* [[Wahhabism#Politics|Saudi Arabia]]
* [[Supreme Council for National Reconstruction|South Korea]]
** [[Ilminism]]
* [[Ba'athism|Syria]]
* [[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan|Tajikistan]]
* [[National Council for Peace and Order|Thailand]]
* [[Erdoğanism|Turkey]]
* [[Democratic Party of Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]]
* [[Emirate|United Arab Emirates]]
* [[Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party|Uzbekistan]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Belaya Rus|Belarus]]
* [[Bonapartism|France]]
* [[Italian Fascism|Italy]]
* [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
* [[Metaxism|Greece]]
* [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]]
* [[National Communism in Romania|Romania]]
* [[Tsarist autocracy|Russia]]
** [[Putinism]]
* [[Milosevic regime|Serbia]]
* [[Francoism|Spain]]

{{div col end}}

== Communitarianism ==
{{communitarianism sidebar}}
{{main|Communitarianism}}

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Christian democracy]]
*[[Corporatism#Communitarian corporatism|Communitarian corporatism]]
* [[Democratic confederalism]]
* [[Distributism]]
* [[Georgism]]
* [[Mutualism (economic theory)|Mutualism]]
* [[Person Dignity Theory]]
* [[Radical centrism]]
* [[Third Way]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Christian socialism]]
* [[Eurasianism]]
* [[Freiwirtschaft]]
* [[Pre-Marxist communism]]
* [[Primitive communism]]
* [[Religious communism]]
** [[Christian communism]]
** [[Islamic communism]]
** [[Jewish left|Jewish communism]]
* [[Utopian socialism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
* [[Kibbutz]]
*[[Obshchina]]
*[[Singaporean communitarianism|Singapore]]
*[[Zadruga]]

== Communism ==
{{Communism sidebar}}{{main|Communism}}
[[File:Hammer and sickle.svg|thumb|upright|The Hammer and sickle symbol]]
; Political internationals
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Committee for a Workers' International (1974)|Committee for a Workers' International]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[Fourth International (post-reunification)]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[Fourth International Posadist]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[International Bolshevik Tendency]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[International Committee of the Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[International Communist Current]] ([[left communism]])
* [[International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[International Communist Party]] ([[left communism]])
* [[International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)]] ([[Maoism]])
* [[International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)]] ([[Hoxhaism]])
* [[International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations]] ([[anti-revisionism]])
* [[International League of Peoples' Struggle]] ([[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism]])
* [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties]] ([[Marxism–Leninism]])
* [[International Socialist Alternative]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[International Socialist Tendency]] (unorthodox [[Trotskyism]])
* [[International Workers League – Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[Internationalist Communist Union]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[League for the Fifth International]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[League for the Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]])
* [[World Socialist Movement]] ([[anti-Leninism]], [[classical Marxism]], [[impossibilism]] and [[international socialism]])
* [[Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]])

{{div col end}}

=== Authoritarian ===
{{Marxism–Leninism sidebar}}{{main|Authoritarian socialism|l1=Authoritarian communism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Barracks communism]]
** [[Nechayevshchina]]
* [[Blanquism]]
* [[Sergey Nechayev|Nechayevism]]
* [[Pyotr Tkachev|Tkachevism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Leninism ====
{{main|Leninism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Democratic centralism]]
* [[Trotskyism]]
** [[Archeio-Marxism]]
** [[Orthodox Trotskyism]]
** [[Pabloism]]
** [[Posadism]]
** [[Third camp Trotskyism]]
* [[Vanguardism]]
* [[War communism]]

{{div col end}}

===== Marxism–Leninism =====
{{main|Marxism–Leninism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Brezhnevism]]
** [[Real socialism]]
* [[Castroism]]
* [[Ceaușism]]
* [[Socialism with a human face|Dubčekism]]
* [[Mikhail Gorbachev#Political ideology|Gorbachevism]]
** [[Glasnost]]
** [[Perestroika]]
* [[Guevarism]]
** [[Foco|Focalism]]
* [[Ho Chi Minh Thought]]
** [[Kaysone Phomvihane Thought]]
* [[Hoxhaism]]
* [[Husakism]]
* [[Juche]]
** [[Kimilsungism]]
** [[Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism]]
** [[Songun]]
* [[Kadarism]]
* [[Khrushchevism]]
** [[De-Stalinization]]
** [[Khrushchev Thaw]]
* [[Maoism]]
** [[Maoism (Third Worldism)|Maoism–Third Worldism]]
*** [[Third Worldism]]
*** [[Third World socialism]]
**[[Bob Avakian|New Synthesis]]
** [[Mao-Spontex]]
** [[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism]]
*** [[Abimael Guzmán|Gonzalo Thought]]
*** [[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path]]
**** [[People's Multiparty Democracy]]
*** [[National Democracy (Philippines)|National Democracy]]
*** [[Naxalism]]
** [[Khmer Rouge#Ideology|Pol Potism]]
** [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics]]
*** [[Deng Xiaoping Theory]]
*** [[Mao Zedong Thought]]
*** [[Scientific Outlook on Development]]
*** [[Three Principles of the People]]
*** [[Three Represents]]
*** [[Xi Jinping Thought]]
* [[Marxist–Leninist atheism]]
* [[Scientific communism]]
* [[Stalinism]]
** [[Anti-revisionism]]
** [[Neo-Stalinism]]
** [[Socialism in one country]]
*** [[National communism]]
*** [[National Bolshevism]] 
*** [[Socialist patriotism]]
**** [[Soviet socialist patriotism]]
***** [[Soviet nostalgia]]
** [[Soviet antisemitism]]
*** [[Left-wing antisemitism]]
** [[Soviet anti-Zionism]]
* [[Titoism]]
** [[Đilasism]]
** [[Rankovićism]]
** [[Socialist nationalism]]
*** [[Yugoslavism|Socialist Yugoslavism]]
**** [[Yugo-nostalgia]]

{{div col end}}

=== Libertarian ===
{{Anarcho-communism sidebar}}{{main|Libertarian communism}}
[[File:Anarcho-communism.svg|thumb|An Anarchist A laid over a [[Communism|Communist]] [[Hammer and sickle]].]]
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarcho-communism]]
** [[The Right to Be Greedy|Egoist communism]]
* [[Communards|Communard movement]]
* [[Marxism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Marxism ====
{{main|Marxism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Classical Marxism]]
** [[Orthodox Marxism]]
*** [[Impossibilism]]
**** [[World Socialist Movement]]
*** [[Kautskyism]]
*** [[Luxemburgism]]
**** [[Spartacism]]
* [[Libertarian Marxism]]
** [[Autonomism]]
*** [[Workerism]]
** [[Left communism]]
*** [[Vpered]]ism
*** [[Bordigism]]
*** [[Communization]]
*** [[Council communism]]
*** [[Socialisme ou Barbarie]]
*** [[Solidarity (UK)|Solidarity]]
*** [[Situationist International|Situationism]]
*** [[Spontaneism]]
*** [[Ultra-leftism]]
** [[Mao-Spontex]]
** [[De Leonism|Marxism–De Leonism]]
** [[Trotskyism|Unorthodox Trotskyism]]
*** [[Chaulieu-Montal Tendency|Chaulieu–Montal tendency]]
*** [[Johnson–Forest tendency]]
*** [[Third camp]]
**** [[Shachtmanism]]
***** [[Left Shachtmanism]]
** [[Open Marxism]]
* [[Western Marxism]]
** [[Austro-Marxism]]
** [[Frankfurt School]]
** [[Freudo-Marxism]]
** [[Hegelian Marxism]]
** [[Marxist humanism]]
*** [[Budapest School (Lukács)|Budapest School]]
*** [[Praxis School]]
** [[Neo-Marxism]]
*** [[Analytical Marxism]]
*** [[Conflict theories]]
**** [[Dependency theory]]
**** [[Social conflict theory]]
**** [[World-systems theory]]
*** [[Freudo–Marxism]]
*** [[Gramscianism]]
**** [[Neo-Gramscianism]]
*** [[Instrumental Marxism]]
*** [[Neue Marx-Lektüre]]
*** [[Political Marxism]]
*** [[Structural Marxism]]
** [[Post-Marxism]]
*** [[Radical democracy]]
**** [[Abahlali baseMjondolo]]
**** [[Landless Workers' Movement]]
**** [[Piquetero]]s
**** [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|Zapatistas]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{main|Marxist revisionism|Non-Marxist communism|Post-capitalism|Pre-Marxist communism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Centrist Marxism]]
* [[Ecocommunism|Eco-communism]]
* [[Eurocommunism]]
*[[Fully Automated Luxury Communism|Fully automated luxury communism]]
* [[Proletarian internationalism|International communism]]
* [[Democracy in Marxism|Marxist democracy]]
* [[National communism]]
* [[Primitive communism]]
* [[Pre-Marxist communism]]
* [[Socialism and LGBT rights|Queer communism]]
* [[World communism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Anti-communism]]
** [[McCarthyism]]
** [[Pinochetism]]
* [[Anti-Marxism]]
* [[Anti-socialism]]

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Religious communism}}
{{see also|Communism and religion}}
* [[Christian communism]]
** [[Bruderhof Communities|Bruderhofs]]
** [[Diggers]]
** [[Hutterites]]
** [[Shakers]]
* [[Islamic communism]]
* [[Jewish left|Jewish communism]]

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{main|History of Communism#Africa|l1=Communism in Africa}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[MPLA|Angola]]
* [[People's Revolutionary Party of Benin|Benin]]
* [[Congolese Party of Labour|Congo]]
* [[Egyptian Communist Party|Egypt]]
* [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Eritrea]]
* [[Workers' Party of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]
* [[FRELIMO|Mozambique]]
* [[Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party|Somalia]]
* [[South African Communist Party|South Africa]]
** [[Trotskyism in South Africa|Trotskyism]]
* [[Afro-Shirazi Party|Tanzania]]
* [[Tunisian Communist Party|Tunisia]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{main|History of communism#Americas|l1=Communism in America}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Communism in Canada|Canada]]
** Quebec
* [[Communist Party of Chile|Chile]]
* [[Communism in Colombia|Colombia]]
* [[Communist Party of Cuba|Cuba]]
* [[New Jewel Movement|Grenada]]
* [[Communism in Peru|Peru]]
** [[Shining Path]]
* [[Communism in the United States|United States]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{main|History of communism#Asia|l1=Communism in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]
* [[Communist Party of Armenia (Soviet Union)|Armenia]]
* [[Communist Party of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
* [[Communist Cambodia (disambiguation)|Cambodia]]
** [[Communist Party of Kampuchea|Khmer Rouge]]
** [[Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation|Salvation Front]]
* [[Communism in China|China]]
** [[New Left in China|New Left]]
** [[Left communism in China|Ultra-left]]
* [[Communist Party of India|India]]
** [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Bengali communism]]
** [[Communism in Kerala|Keralan communism]]
** [[Naxalism]]
** [[Left Front (Tripura)|Tripuran communism]]
* [[Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union)|Georgia]]
* [[Communist Party of Indonesia|Indonesia]]
** [[Communism in Sumatra|Sumatra]]
* [[Communist Party of Iran|Iran]]
* [[Maki (political party)|Israel]]
* [[Japanese Communist Party|Japan]]
** [[New Left in Japan|New Left]]
* [[Communist Party of Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]]
* [[Communism in Korea|Korea]]
** [[Workers' Party of Korea|North Korea]]
** [[Workers' Party of South Korea|South Korea]]
* [[Communist Party of Kurdistan|Kurdistan]]
* [[Communist Party of Kirghizia|Kyrgyzstan]]
* [[Communism in Laos|Laos]]
* [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolia]]
* [[List of communist parties in Nepal|Nepal]]
* [[Palestine Communist Party|Palestine]]
* [[Communism in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
* [[Communism in the Philippines|Philippines]]
* [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]
* [[Communist Party of Tajikistan|Tajikistan]]
* [[Communism in Thailand|Thailand]]
* [[Communist Party of Turkey (historical)|Turkey]]
* [[Communist Party of Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]]
* [[Communist Party of Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]]
* [[Communism in Vietnam|Vietnam]]
** [[Trotskyism in Vietnam|Trotskyism]]
* [[Yemeni Socialist Party|Yemen]]
** [[South Yemen]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|History of communism#Europe|l1=Communism in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Party of Labour of Albania|Albania]]
* [[League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia, and Herzegovina]]
* [[Bulgarian Communist Party|Bulgaria]]
* [[Communist Party of Byelorussia|Belarus]]
* [[League of Communists of Croatia|Croatia]]
* [[Progressive Party of Working People|Cyprus]]
* [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovakia]]
** [[Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia|Bohemia and Moravia]]
** [[Communist Party of Slovakia|Slovakia]]
* [[Communist Party of Estonia|Estonia]]
* [[Communist Party of Finland|Finland]]
* [[French Communist Party|France]]
* [[Communist Party of Germany|Germany]]
** [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany|East Germany]]
** [[Communist Party of Germany#Postwar history|West Germany]]
* [[Communist Party of Greece|Greece]]
* [[Hungarian Communist Party|Hungary]]
* [[Italian Communist Party|Italy]]
* [[Communist Party of Latvia|Latvia]]
* [[Communist Party of Lithuania|Lithuania]]
* [[League of Communists of Macedonia|Macedonia]]
* [[Communist Party of Moldova|Moldova]]
* [[League of Communists of Montenegro|Montenegro]]
* [[Polish United Workers' Party|Poland]]
* [[Portuguese Communist Party|Portugal]]
* [[Romanian Communist Party|Romania]]
** [[National Communism in Romania|National communism]]
* [[Communism in Russia|Russia]]
** [[Mensheviks]]
** [[Bolshevism]]
*** [[Bolsheviks]]
**** [[Centrist Marxism|Centre]]
***** [[Lev Kamenev|Kamenevism]]
***** [[Stalinism]]
***** [[Grigory Zinoviev|Zinovievism]]
**** [[Left Opposition]]
***** [[Left communism#Russian left communism|Left communism]]
***** [[Group of Democratic Centralism]]
***** [[Left-right bloc|Left–Right Bloc]]
***** [[Trotskyism]]
***** [[United Opposition (Soviet Union)|United Opposition]]
***** [[Workers' Opposition]]
****** [[Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party]]
****** [[Workers' Truth]]
**** [[Old Bolsheviks]]
***** [[Factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Recallists]]
***** [[Factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Ultimatists]]
**** [[Right Opposition]]
***** [[Anti-Party Group]]
***** [[Nikolai Bukharin|Bukharinism]]
***** [[Viktor Nogin|Noginism]]
***** [[Alexei Rykov|Rykovism]]
***** [[Mikhail Tomsky|Tomskyism]]
***** [[Gang of Eight (Soviet Union)|Gang of Eight]]
***** [[Left-right bloc|Left–Right Bloc]]
***** [[Soyuz (faction)|Soyuz]]
***** [[Union of Marxist-Leninists|Union of Marxist–Leninists]]
* [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia|Serbia]]
* [[League of Communists of Slovenia|Slovenia]]
* [[Communist Party of Spain|Spain]]
* [[Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)|Ukraine]]
* [[Far-left politics in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
** [[Trotskyism in the United Kingdom|Trotskyism]]
*** [[Socialist Workers Party (UK)|Neo-Trotskyism]]
* [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|History of communism#Oceania|l1=Communism in Oceania}}
* [[Communist Party of Australia|Australia]]
* [[Communist Party of New Zealand|New Zealand]]

== Conservatism ==
{{Conservatism sidebar}}{{main|Conservatism}}
; Political internationals
* [[International Democrat Union]] (conservatism)
* [[International Monarchist League]] ([[monarchism]])

===General===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Union busting|Anti-unionism]]
* [[Authoritarian conservatism]]
* [[Bioconservatism]]
* [[Black conservatism]]
* [[Civic conservatism]]
* [[Classical conservatism]]
** [[Distributism]]
* [[Conservative corporatism]]
* [[Conservative liberalism]]
* [[Cultural conservatism]]
* [[Fiscal conservatism]]
* [[Green conservatism]]
* [[LGBT conservatism]]
* [[Liberal conservatism]]
* [[Libertarian conservatism]]
** [[Fusionism]]
** [[Libertarian Republican]]ism
** [[Paleolibertarianism]]
** [[Western conservatism]]
* [[National conservatism]]
** [[Opposition to immigration|Anti-immigrationism]]
** [[Ethnic nationalism]]
** [[Nativism (politics)|Nativism]]
* [[Neoconservatism]]
* [[Paleoconservatism]]
** [[Paleolibertarianism]]
* [[Paternalistic conservatism]]
** [[Compassionate conservatism]]
** [[Conservative socialism]]
** [[Progressive conservatism]]
* [[Right-wing populism]]
* [[Social conservatism]]
** [[Anti-abortion movement]]
** [[Anti-feminism]]
** [[LGBT rights opposition|Anti-LGBT movement]]
* [[Social Darwinism]]
** [[Kraterocracy]]
* [[Theoconservatism]]
** [[Christian right]]
** [[State religion]]
*** [[Antidisestablishmentarianism]]
*** [[Caesaropapism]]
*** [[Dominionism]]
*** [[Theocracy]]
*** [[Theonomy]]
** [[Ultramontanism]]
* [[Traditionalist conservatism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Reactionary ===
{{main|Reactionary}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Absolutism (European history)|Absolutism]]
** [[Autocracy]]
* [[Alt-lite|Alt-lite movement]]
* [[Alt-right movement]]
* [[Authoritarian capitalism]]
* [[Illiberalism]]
** [[Guided democracy]]
** [[Inverted totalitarianism]]
* [[Imperialism]]
** [[Colonialism]]
* [[Integralism]]
* [[Irredentism]]
* [[Monarchism]]
** [[Absolute monarchism]]
***[[Enlightened absolutism]]
****[[Josephinism]]
***[[Patriarchalism]]
** [[Constitutional monarchism]]
***[[Crowned republic]]
* [[Neo-feudalism]]
* [[Neo-nationalism]]
* [[Neo-reactionary movement]]
* [[Oligarchy]]
** [[Aristocracy]]
** [[Plutocracy]]
*** [[Timocracy]]
* [[Reactionary modernism]]
* [[Reactionary populism]]
* [[Revanchism]]
* [[Theocracy]]
* [[White supremacy]]
** [[Segregationism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti anti-communism]]
* [[Anti-establishment]]arianism
* [[Criticism of monarchy|Anti-monarchism]]
* [[Cultural liberalism]]
* [[Cultural radicalism]]
* [[Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism]]
* [[Postmodernism]]
* [[Progressivism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Theoconservatism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Christian right]]
** [[Christian fundamentalism]]
** [[Traditionalist Catholicism]]
*** [[Traditionalist Catholicism#Communities viewed by the Holy See as having irregular status|Radical traditional Catholicism]]
* [[Hindutva|Hindu fundamentalism]]
** [[Hindutva]]
* [[Islamism]]
** [[Islamic fundamentalism]]
* [[Haredi|Jewish Conservatism]]
** [[Religious Zionism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{main|Conservatism#Africa|l1=Conservatism in Africa}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Egypt]]
* [[Gabonese Democratic Party|Gabon]]
* [[New Patriotic Party|Ghana]]
* [[Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally|Ivory Coast]]
* [[Jubilee Party|Kenya]]
* [[True Whig Party|Liberia]]
* [[Malawi Congress Party|Malawi]]
* [[Justice and Development Party (Morocco)|Morocco]]
* [[National Movement for the Development of Society|Niger]]
* [[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|Nigeria]]
* [[National Party (South Africa)|South Africa]]
** [[Apartheid]]
* [[National Congress (Sudan)|Sudan]]
* [[National Resistance Movement|Uganda]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{main|Conservatism#America|l1=Conservatism in America}}
{{Conservatism in Canada}}
{{Conservatism US}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Conservatism in Latin America|Latin America]]
** [[Conservatism in Brazil|Brazil]]
*** [[Jair Bolsonaro#Political positions|Bolsonarism]]
*** [[Modern conservatism]]
*** [[Monarchism in Brazil|Monarchism]]
*** [[Nativism (politics)#Brazil|Nativism]]
** [[Conservatism in Colombia|Colombia]]
** [[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|Puerto Rico]]
** [[Pinochetism]]
* [[Conservatism in North America|North America]]
** [[Conservatism in Canada|Canada]] 
*** [[People's Party of Canada#Principles and policies|Bernierism]]
*** [[Blue Toryism]]
*** [[Monarchism in Canada|Monarchism]]
*** [[Nativism (politics)#Canada|Nativism]]
*** [[Pink Tory]]ism
*** [[Red Toryism]]
*** [[Trumpism in Canada|Trumpism]]
** [[Conservatism in the United States|United States]]

{{div col end}}

===== United States =====
{{main|Conservatism in the United States}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Black conservatism in the United States|Black conservatism]]
* [[Conservative coalition]]
* [[Conservative Democrat|Conservative democratism]]
** [[Anti-abolitionism]]
** [[Blue Dog Coalition|Blue Dogs]]
** [[Jacksonianism]]
** [[Southern Democrats|Southern democratism]]
*** [[Confederate States of America|Confederatism]]
**** [[Neo-Confederate|Neo-confederatism]]
*** [[Dixiecrat]]ism
**** [[Racial segregation in the United States|Segregationism]]
**** [[Southern nationalism]]
* [[Federalist Party|Federalism]]
** [[Traditionalist conservatism in the United States|Classical conservatism]]
** [[New Federalism]]
* [[McCarthyism]]
* [[Nativism in the United States|Nativism]]
** [[Know Nothing movement]]
* [[New Right#United States|New Right]]
* [[Old Right (United States)|Old Right]]
** [[Paleoconservatism]]
** [[Paleolibertarianism]]
* [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicanism]]
** [[Republican Study Committee|Conservative republicanism]]
** [[Liberty Caucus|Libertarian republicanism]]
** [[Moderate Republicans (modern United States)|Moderate republicanism]]
*** [[Main Street Republicans|Main Street republicanism]]
**** [[Republican Main Street Partnership]]
*** [[Tuesday Group]]
** [[Modern conservatism]]
** [[Movement conservatism]]
** [[Reaganism]]
*** [[Reagan Doctrine]]
*** [[Reaganomics]]
** [[Tea Party movement]]
*** [[Freedom Caucus]]
** [[Trumpism]]
*** [[Christian Trumpism]]
*** [[QAnon]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{main|Conservatism#Asia|l1=Conservatism in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[New Conservatism (China)|China]]
* [[Conservatism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
** [[Localism in Hong Kong|Localism]]
** [[Nativism (politics)#Hong Kong|Nativism]]
* [[Conservatism in India|India]]
** [[Modern conservatism]]
*** [[Prime Minister Narendra Modi|Modrism]]
* [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Japan]]
** [[Shinzō Abe|Abeism]]
** [[Emperor of Japan|Monarchism]]
** [[Neoconservatism in Japan|Neoconservatism]]
* [[Conservatism in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
** [[Nativism (politics)#Pakistan|Nativism]]
* [[Rodrigo Duterte|Philippines]]
* [[Conservatism in South Korea|South Korea]]
** [[Modern conservatism]]
* [[Kuomintang|Taiwan]]
** [[Nativism (politics)#Taiwan|Nativism]]
* [[Conservatism in Turkey|Turkey]]
** [[Conservative democracy]]
*** [[Erdoganism]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|Conservatism#Europe|l1=Conservatism in Europe}}
{{Toryism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Optimates|Ancient Rome]]
* [[Conservatism in Belgium|Belgium]]
* [[Conservatism in Denmark|Denmark]]
* [[Conservatism in Finland|Finland]]
* [[Conservatism in France|France]]
** [[Bonapartism]]
*** [[Neo-Bonapartism]]
** [[Gaullism]]
** [[National Rally (France)|LePenism]]
** [[French monarchism|Monarchism]]
*** [[Legitimism]]
*** [[Orléanism]]
*** [[Ultra-royalism]]
** [[Nouvelle Droite]]
** [[Revolutionary France]]
*** [[Ancien Régime]]
*** [[Chouannerie]]
*** [[Left–right political spectrum#History|Historical Right]]
*** [[Thermidorian Reaction|Thermidorians]]
* [[Conservatism in Germany|Germany]]
** [[Otto von Bismarck|Bismarkianism]]
*** [[Conservative socialism]]
*** [[State Socialism (Germany)|State socialism]]
** [[Conservative revolutionary movement]]
*** [[Prussian socialism]]
** [[German monarchy|Monarchism]]
** [[Neue Rechte]]
** [[Reichsbürger movement]]
* [[Conservatism in Greece|Greece]]
* [[Conservative Party (Hungary)|Hungary]]
** [[Viktor Orbán|Orbanism]]
* [[Conservatism in Iceland|Iceland]]
* [[Conservatism in Italy]]
** [[Historical Right]]
** [[Modern conservatism]]
*** [[Berlusconism]]
** [[Liberal Union (Italy)|Liberal conservatism]]
** [[Sanfedismo]]
* [[Conservatism in Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
* [[United Right (Poland)|Poland]]
** [[Golden Liberty]]
*** [[Sarmatism]]
** [[Modern conservatism]]
* [[Conservatism in Norway|Norway]]
* [[United Russia|Russia]]
** [[Monarchism in Russia|Monarchism]]
*** [[Octobrist|Octobrism]]
** [[Modern conservatism]]
*** [[Putinism]]
**** [[Chekism]]
***** [[Nashism]]
**** [[Eurasianism]]
**** [[Neo-Sovietism]]
***** [[Neo-Stalinism]]
* [[Conservatism in Serbia|Serbia]]
* [[Traditionalism (Spain)|Spain]]
** [[Falangism]]
** [[Francoism]]
**[[Integrism (Spain)|Integrism]]
** [[Monarchy in Spain|Monarchism]]
*** [[Carlism]]
**** [[Carlos Hugo#Carlism|Hugism]]
**[[Neocatólicos|Neocatholicism]]
* [[Conservatism#Sweden|Sweden]]
* [[Conservatism in Switzerland|Switzerland]]
* [[Conservatism#Ukraine|Ukraine]]
* [[Conservatism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
** [[Butskellism]]
** [[Cavaliers]]
*** [[Tories (British political party)|Tories]]
**** [[New Tories]]
** [[Jacobitism]]
** [[British monarchy|Monarchism]]
** [[Nativism (politics)#United Kingdom|Nativism]]
** [[British neoconservatism|Neoconservatism]]
** [[One-nation conservatism]]
*** [[Cameronism]]
**** [[Big Society]]
**** [[Muscular liberalism]]
*** [[Boris Johnson#Political positions and ideology|Johnsonism]]
** [[Thatcherism]]
***[[Blatcherism]]
** [[Toryism]]
*** [[High Toryism]]
**** [[Political views of Samuel Johnson|Johnsonism]]
**** [[Powellism]]
*** [[George Orwell#Politics|Tory anarchism]]
*** [[Tory democracy]]
**** [[Tory socialism]]
*** [[Ultra-Tory]]ism

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{Conservatism in Australia}}
{{main|Conservatism#Oceania|l1=Conservatism in Oceania}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Conservatism in Australia|Australia]]
** [[Conservatism in Australia#Monarchism|Monarchism]]
** [[Conservatism#Australia|Modern conservatism]]
** [[Nativism (politics)#Australia|Nativism]]
* [[Social Democratic Liberal Party|Fiji]]
*[[Historic conservatism in New Zealand|New Zealand]]
*[[Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party|Papua New Guinea]]
*[[Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi|Samoa]]
*[[People's National Party (Tonga)|Tonga]]
*[[Land and Justice Party|Vanuatu]]

{{div col end}}

== Corporatism ==
{{corporatism}}
{{main|Corporatism}}
{{see also|Capitalism}}

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Corporatism#Absolutist corporatism|Absolutist corporatism]]
* [[Corporatism#Communitarian corporatism|Communitarian corporatism]]
* [[Conservative corporatism]]
* [[Economic corporatism]]
* [[Fascist corporatism]]
* [[Corporatism#Kinship corporatism|Kinship corporatism]]
* [[Liberal corporatism]]
* [[Corporate nationalism|National corporatism]]
* [[Neo-corporatism]]
** [[Tripartism]]
* [[Corporatism#Progressive corporatism|Progressive corporatism]]
* [[Social corporatism]]
* [[Corporatism#Corporate solidarism|Solidar corporatism]]
* [[Corporate statism|State corporatism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Christian democracy]]
* [[Class collaboration]]ism
* [[Consociationalism]]
* [[Cooperativism]]
* [[Corporatism|Corporate feudalism]]
* [[Corporate statism]]
* [[Corporate welfare|Corporate welfarism]]
* [[Guild socialism]]
* [[Guildism]]
* [[Managerialism]]
* [[Mutualism (movement)|Mutualist movement]]
* [[National syndicalism]]
* [[Neo-feudalism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Corporatism#Corporatism in the Roman Catholic Church|l1=Corporatism in the Roman Catholic Church}}
* [[Christian corporatism]]
** [[Distributism]]

=== Regional variants ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Gremialismo|Chile]]
* [[Corporatism#Chinese corporatism|China]]
* [[Nordic model|Nordic countries]]
* [[Corporatism#Russian corporatism|Russia]]
* [[Neo-corporatism|Western Europe]]

{{div col end}}

==== Western Europe ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Social corporatism#the 1930s–1970s: Norway, Sweden, and Austria|Austria]]
* [[Rhine capitalism|Belgium]]
* [[Neo-corporatism|France]]
** [[National syndicalism#France|National syndicalism]]
** [[Yellow socialism]]
* [[Conservatism in Germany#Otto von Bismarck|Germany]]
** [[Otto von Bismarck|Bismarkianism]]
*** [[Conservative socialism]]
*** [[State Socialism (Germany)|State socialism]]
** [[Conservative revolutionary movement]]
*** [[Economic Nazism|Fascist corporatism]]
*** [[Prussian socialism]]
** [[Ordoliberalism]]
*** [[Rhine capitalism|Rhine model]]
* [[Social partnership|Ireland]]
* [[Corporatism#On Italian corporatism|Italy]]
** [[Corporatism#Corporatism in the Roman Catholic Church|Christian democratic corporatism]]
*** [[Consociationalism]]
** [[Fascist corporatism]]
** [[National syndicalism#Italy|National syndicalism]]
* [[Rhine capitalism|Luxembourg]]
* [[Neo-corporatism|Portugal]]
** [[National syndicalism#Iberian Peninsula|National syndicalism]]
* [[Polder model|Netherlands]]
* [[Neo-corporatism|Spain]]
** [[Falangism#Economics|Fascist corporatism]]
** [[National syndicalism#Iberian Peninsula|National syndicalism]]
* [[Rhine capitalism|Switzerland]]

{{div col end}}

== Democracy ==
{{democracy}}
{{main|Democracy}}

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Associative democracy]]
* [[Bioregional democracy]]
* [[Bourgeois democracy]]
* [[Cellular democracy]]
* [[Conservative democracy]]
* [[Constitutional democracy]]
* [[Cosmopolitan democracy]]
* [[Defensive democracy]]
* [[Economic democracy]]
* [[E-democracy]]
** [[Collaborative e-democracy]]
** [[E-government]]
** [[E-participation]]
** [[Interactive democracy]]
* [[Ethnic democracy]]
** [[Herrenvolk democracy]]
* [[Guided democracy]]
* [[Liquid democracy]]
* [[Market democracy]]
* [[Media democracy]]
* [[Multiparty democracy]]
* [[Non-partisan democracy]]
* [[Participatory democracy]]
* [[Pluralist democracy]]
* [[Procedural democracy]]
* [[Proletarian democracy]]
* [[Racial democracy]]
* [[Radical democracy]]
* [[Representative democracy]]
** [[Council democracy]]
** [[Electoral democracy]]
** [[Ethnocracy]]
** [[Liberal democracy]]
*** [[Illiberal democracy]]
** [[Parliamentary democracy]]
*** [[Westminster democracy]]
** [[Presidential democracy]]
** [[Totalitarian democracy]]
* [[Republican democracy]]
* [[Revolutionary democracy]]
* [[Sectarian democracy]]
* [[Semi-democracy]]
* [[Semi-direct democracy]]
* [[Social democracy]]
* [[Socialist democracy]]
** [[Economic democracy]]
*** [[Council democracy]]
*** [[Inclusive democracy]]
*** [[Industrial democracy]]
*** [[Soviet democracy]]
*** [[Workplace democracy]]
** [[Democracy in Marxism|Marxist democracy]]
** [[Democracy in Marxism#Soviet Union and Bolshevism|Marxist–Leninist democracy]]
*** [[New Democracy]]
*** [[People's democracy (Marxism–Leninism)|People's democracy]]
**** [[People's democratic dictatorship|People's dictatorship democracy]]
* [[Sovereign democracy]]
* [[Substantive democracy]]
* [[Tory democracy]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Demarchism]]
* [[Democratic capitalism]]
* [[Democratic centralism]]
* [[Democratic confederalism]]
* [[Democratic globalization]]
** [[Democratic mundialization]]
* [[Democratic republic]]anism
* [[Democratic socialism]]
* [[Democratic transhumanism]]
* [[Majoritarianism]]
* [[Producerism]]
* [[Sortition]]ism

{{div col end}}

=== Direct democracy movements ===
{{main|Direct democracy}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anticipatory democracy]]
* [[Anti-corruption|Anti-corruption movements]]
* [[Anti-establishmentarianism]]
* [[Particracy|Anti-particracy movements]]
* [[Cellular democracy]]
* [[Collaborative governance]]
* [[Consensus democracy]]
* [[Opposition to copyright|Copyright reform movements]]
* [[Council democracy]]
* [[Cyber-utopianism]]
* [[Deliberative democracy]]
* [[Delegative democracy]]
* [[Dynamic governance]]
* [[E-democracy]]
* [[Economic democracy]]
* [[Empowered democracy]]
* [[Grassroots democracy]]
* [[Inclusive Democracy]]
* [[Localism (politics)|Localism]]
* [[Democracy in Marxism|Marxist democracy]]
* [[Net neutrality|Net neutrality movements]]
* [[Open-source governance]]
* [[Pirate politics]]
* [[Popular democracy]]
* [[Producerism]]
* [[Semi-direct democracy]]

{{div col end}}

=== Pirate politics ===
{{Infobox political party
|name = Pirate politics
|logo = [[File:Piratpartiet.svg|100px]]
|ideology = [[Anti-corruption]]<br>[[Civil libertarianism]]<br>[[Civil rights]]<br>[[Direct democracy]]<br>[[E-democracy]]<br>[[Participatory democracy]]<br>[[Social liberalism]]
}}
{{main|Pirate politics}}
;Political internationals
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
** [[Pirate Parties International]] ([[pirate politics]])
* [[Anti-copyright|Anti-copyright movement]]
** [[Copyleft|Copyleft movement]]
**[[Copyright abolition]]ism
** [[Free-culture movement]]
* [[Anti-corruption|Anti-corruption movement]]
* [[Civil rights|Civil rights movement]]
* [[Civil libertarianism]]
* [[Direct democracy]]
** [[Economic democracy]]
** [[E-democracy]]
** [[Participatory democracy]]
* [[Free speech|Free speech movement]]
* [[Information privacy|Information privacy movement]]
* [[Net neutrality|Net neutrality movement]]
* [[Free and open-source software]]
** [[Free software movement]]
** [[Open-source-software movement]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Criticism of democracy|Anti-democratism]]

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Religious democracy}}

==== Christian democracy ====
{{Christian democracy sidebar}}{{main|Christian democracy}}
{{further|Christian democracy#History|l1=History of Christian democracy}}
; Political internationals
* [[Centrist Democrat International]] ([[Christian democracy]])
* [[Christian Democrat Organization of America]] ([[Christian democracy]])

===== General =====
{{further|Catholic social teaching}}
* [[Distributism]]
** [[Social credit|Social credit movement]]
* [[Gremialismo]]
* [[Popularism]]

===== Other =====
{{see also|Conservatism|Corporatism|Liberalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Christian corporatism]]
* [[Welfare|Christian democratic welfarism]]
* [[Christian egalitarianism]]
* [[Communitarianism]]
* [[Ordoliberalism]]
* [[Progressive conservatism]]
* [[Social conservatism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Other ====
* [[Christian democracy]]
* [[Islamic democracy]]
* [[Jewish and democratic state|Jewish democracy]]
* [[Theodemocracy]]

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{main|History of democracy#Africa|l1=Democracy in Africa}}
* [[Democracy in Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[Democracy in Morocco|Morocco]]

==== Asian ====
{{main|History of democracy#Asia|l1=Democracy in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Democracy in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
* [[Democracy in China|China]]
** [[Democracy in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
* [[Democracy in India|India]]
* [[Democracy in the Middle East#Iran|Iran]]
* [[Democracy in the Middle East#Israel|Israel]]
* [[Democracy in the Middle East#Lebanon|Lebanon]]
* [[Democracy in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
* [[Democracy in the Middle East#Palestinian Authority|Palestine]]
* [[Rojava]]
* [[Representative democracy in Singapore|Singapore]]
* [[Democracy in Vietnam|Vietnam]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{main|History of democracy#Americas|l1=Democracy in America}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Democracy in Chile|Chile]]
* [[Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities|Chiapas]]
* [[Democracy in the United States|United States]]
** [[History of direct democracy in the United States|Direct democracy]]
** [[Jacksonian democracy]]
** [[Jeffersonian democracy]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|History of democracy#Europe|l1=Democracy in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[History of democracy#Antiquity|Ancient Greece]]
** [[Athenian democracy]]
** [[History of democracy#Sparta|Spartan democracy]]
* [[History of democracy#Rome|Ancient Rome]]
* [[Democracy in Belarus|Belarus]]
* [[French Left|France]]
** [[Paris Commune]]
* [[National Democracy (Poland)|Poland]]
** [[Soviet democracy]]
* [[Landsgemeinde|Switzerland]]
* [[Democracy in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|History of democracy#Oceania|l1=Democracy in Oceania}}
* [[Democracy in Australia|Australia]]

== Environmentalism ==
{{Green politics sidebar}}{{Green economics sidebar}}{{main|Environmentalism}}
; Political internationals
* [[Friends of the Earth]] (environmentalism)
* [[Global Greens]] ([[green politics]])
* [[World Ecological Parties]] ([[bright green environmentalism]])

=== Bright green environmentalism ===
{{main|Bright green environmentalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Car-free movement]]
* [[Climate movement]]
* [[Conservation movement]]
* [[Ecomodernism|Eco-modernism]]
** [[Ecological modernization]]
** [[Prometheanism]]
** [[Technogaianism]]
* [[Positive environmentalism]]
* [[Steady-state economy]]

{{div col end}}

=== Deep green environmentalism ===
{{main|Deep ecology}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti-consumerism]]
** [[Degrowth|Degrowth movement]]
** [[Post-growth]]
** [[Post-consumerism]]
* [[Anti-globalization movement]]
** [[Alter-globalization movement]]
** [[Global justice movement]]
* [[Anti-nuclear movement]]
* [[Bioregionalism]]
* [[Ecoauthoritarianism]]
* [[Ecocentrism]]
* [[Eco-fascism]]
* [[Green anarchism]]
** [[Anarcho-naturism]]
** [[Anarcho-primitivism]]
*** [[Rewilding (anarchism)|Rewilding]]
** [[Communalism (Bookchin)|Communalism]]
*** [[Eco-communalism]]
**** [[Back-to-the-land movement]]
*** [[Democratic confederalism]]
*** [[Green municipalism]]
*** [[Libertarian municipalism]]
*** [[Social ecology (Bookchin)|Social ecology]]
** [[Inclusive democracy]]
* [[Neo-Luddism]]
* [[Radical environmentalism]]
** [[Animal rights movement]]
** [[Deep Green Resistance]]
** [[Earth liberation movement]]

{{div col end}}

=== Light green environmentalism ===
{{main|Sustainable development}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Free-market environmentalism]]
** [[Eco-capitalism]]
*** [[Sustainable capitalism]]
** [[Georgism]]
*** [[Geolibertarianism]]
** [[Green libertarianism]]
* [[Green conservatism]]
** [[Fiscal environmentalism]]
* [[Green liberalism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{main|Green politics}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Ecofeminism]]
* [[Eco-nationalism]]
** [[Green Zionism]]
* [[Green left]]
** [[Eco-socialism]]
* [[Localism (politics)|Localism]]
* [[Queer ecology]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Anti-environmentalism]]
* [[Wise use movement]]

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Environmentalism and religion}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Christian views on environmentalism|Christian environmentalism]]
** [[Ecotheology|Eco-theology]]
** [[Evangelical environmentalism]]
* [[Islamic environmentalism]]
* [[Judaism and environmentalism|Jewish environmentalism]]
* [[Kaitiaki|Maori environmentalism]]
* [[Spiritual ecology]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{main|Environmental movement#Africa|l1=Environmental movement in Africa}}
* [[Environmental movement in South Africa|South Africa]]

==== American ====
{{main|Environmental movement#America|l1=Environmental movement in America}}
* [[Environmental movement in the United States|United States]]

==== Asian ====
{{main|Environmental movement#Asia|l1=Environmental movement in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Environmental movement#Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
* [[Environmental movement#China|China]]
* [[Environmental movement#India|India]]
* [[Green Zionism|Israel]]
* [[Environmental movement#South Korea and Taiwan|South Korea]]
* [[Environmental movement#South Korea and Taiwan|Taiwan]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|Environmental movement#Europe|l1=Environmental movement in Europe}}
* [[Environmental movement in Switzerland|Switzerland]]

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|Environmental movement#Oceania|l1=Environmental movement in Oceania}}
* [[Environmental movement in Australia|Australia]]
* [[Environmental movement in New Zealand|New Zealand]]

== Fascism ==
{{Fascism sidebar}}{{Neo-fascism}}
{{main|Fascism}}
; Political internationals
* [[World Union of National Socialists]] ([[Nazism]])

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Classical Fascism|Classical fascism]]
* [[Crypto-fascism]]
* [[Eco-fascism]]
* [[Neo-fascism]]
* [[Para-fascism]]
* [[Post-fascism]]
* [[Proto-fascism]]
* [[Techno-fascism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Alt-right movement]]
* [[Aryanism]]
* [[Conservative revolutionary movement]]
* [[Corporate statism]]
* [[Fascist corporatism]]
* [[Fascist mysticism]]
* [[Esoteric fascism]]
* [[Fascist syndicalism]]
* [[Feudal fascism]]
* [[Nazism]]
* [[Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Nouvelle Droite]]
* [[Palingenetic ultranationalism]]
* [[Racial nationalism]]
* [[Supremacism]]
* [[Syncretic politics|Syncretism]]
* [[Third Position]]
* [[Ultranationalism]]
* [[Metaxism]]
{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
{{main|Anti-fascism}}
{{further|Criticism of fascism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti-authoritarianism]]
* [[Anti-imperialism]]
* [[Anti-militarism]]
* [[Anti-nationalism]]
* [[Anti-racism]]

{{div col end}}

==== By country ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Resistance during World War II|During and before World War II]]
** [[National Liberation Movement (Albania)|Albania]]
** [[Austrian resistance|Austria]]
** [[Belgian Resistance|Belgium]]
** [[Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II|Bulgaria]]
** [[Anti-Fascist Organisation|Burma]]
** [[Anti-Japanese resistance volunteers in China|China]]
** [[Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia|Czech Republic]]
** [[Danish resistance movement|Denmark]]
** [[French Resistance|France]]
*** [[Francs-Tireurs et Partisans]]
** [[German resistance to Nazism|Germany]]
*** [[Antifaschistische Aktion]]
*** [[Iron Front]]
** [[Greek Resistance|Greece]]
** [[Antifascist Front of Slavs in Hungary|Hungary]]
** [[Italian resistance movement|Italy]]
*** [[Arditi del Popolo]]
** [[Japanese dissidence in 20th-century Imperial Japan|Japan]]
** [[Lithuanian partisans|Lithuania]]
** [[Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army|Malaysia]]
** [[Moldovan resistance during World War II|Moldova]]
** [[Dutch resistance|Netherlands]]
** [[Norwegian resistance movement|Norway]]
** [[Partisan (military)|Partisan resistance movement (multinational)]]
*** [[Jewish partisans]]
** [[Philippine resistance against Japan|Philippines]]
** [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Poland]]
*** [[Anti-Fascist Bloc]]
*** [[Jewish Combat Organization]]
** [[Movement of National Antifascist Unity|Portugal]]
** [[Slovak National Uprising|Slovakia]]
** [[Soviet partisans|Soviet Union]]
** [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|Spain]]
** [[Free Thai Movement|Thailand]]
** [[Yugoslav Partisans|Yugoslavia]]
* [[Post-World War II anti-fascism|Post-World War II]]
** [[Rosa Antifa|Austria]]
** [[Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League|Burma]]
** [[Antifa (Germany)|Germany]]
*** [[Denazification]]
** [[Antifascistisk Aktion|Sweden]]
** [[Anti-fascism#United Kingdom: against Mosley's BUF|United Kingdom]]
*** [[Anti-Fascist Action]]
*** [[Anti-Nazi League]]
*** [[Movement for Justice by Any Means Necessary|Movement for Justice]]
*** [[Red Action]]
*** [[Squadism]]
*** [[Unite Against Fascism]]
** [[Antifa (United States)|United States]]
*** [[Anti-Racist Action]]
*** [[BAMN|By Any Means Necessary]]
*** [[Redneck Revolt]]
*** [[Refuse Fascism]]
*** [[Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice]]

{{div col end}}

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Fascism#Catholic Church|l1=Fascism and religion}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Christofascism]]
** [[Christian Identity]]
** [[Positive Christianity]]
* [[Clerical fascism]]
* [[Esoteric Nazism]]
** [[Ariosophy]]
* [[Islamofascism]]
*[[Kahanism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
{{main|List of fascist movements}}

==== African ====
* [[Hutu Power|Rwanda]]
* [[South African Gentile National Socialist Movement|South Africa]]
** {{Lang|af|[[Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging]]|italic=no}}
** [[Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging]]
* [[Rally of the Togolese People|Togo]]
* [[Mobutism|Zaire]]

==== American ====
{{main|Fascism#Americas|l1=Fascism in America}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Fascism in South America|Latin America]]
** [[Fascism in Argentina|Argentina]]
*** [[Nacionalismo]]
** [[Fascism in South America#Bolivia|Bolivia]]
*** [[Neo-Fascism#Bolivia|Neo-fascism]]
** [[Fascism in Brazil|Brazil]]
*** [[Brazilian Integralism|Integralism]]
*** [[Nazism in Brazil|Nazism]]
**** [[Neo-Nazism#Brazil|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Fascism in South America#Chile|Chile]]
*** [[Nazism in Chile|Nazism]]
**** [[Neo-Nazism#Chile|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Neo-Nazism#Costa Rica|Costa Rica]]
** [[Fascism in North America#Mexico|Mexico]]
***[[Synarchism|Mexican synarchism]]
** [[Fascism in Peru|Peru]]
***[[Ethnocacerism]]
* [[Fascism in North America|North America]]
** [[Fascism in Canada|Canada]]
*** [[National Unity Party (Canada)|Nazism]]
**** [[Neo-Nazism in Canada|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Fascism in the United States|United States]]
*** [[Nazism in the United States|Nazism]]
**** [[Neo-Nazism in the United States|Neo-Nazism]]
*** [[Neo-fascism#United States|Neo-fascism]]
**** [[Jack Donovan (writer)#Politics|Anarcho-fascism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{main|Fascism in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Fascism in East Asia|East Asian]]
** [[Chinese Fascism|China]]
** [[Neo-fascism#Indonesia|Indonesia]]
** [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|Japan]]
*** [[Reform bureaucrats|Technofascism]]
** [[Neo-fascism#Mongolia|Mongolia]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism#Mongolia|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Neo-fascism#Taiwan|Taiwan]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism#Taiwan|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Fascism in Asia#West Asia|West Asian]]
** [[Arab fascism]]
** [[Fascism in Iran|Iran]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism#Iran|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Revisionist Maximalism|Israel]]
*** [[Kahanism]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism#Israel|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Kataeb Party|Lebanon]]
** [[Fascism in Asia#Syria|Syria]]
** [[Neo-fascism#Turkey|Turkey]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism#Turkey|Neo-Nazism]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|Fascism in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)|Albania]]
** [[German occupation of Albania|Nazism]]
* [[Austrofascism|Austria]]
** [[Antisemitism in Austria|Antisemitism]]
** [[Austrian National Socialism|Nazism]]
* [[Rexism|Belgium]]
** [[Neo-Nazism#Belgium|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Neo-Nazism#Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party|Bulgaria]]
* [[German occupation of Byelorussia during World War II|Belarus]]
* [[Ustashe|Croatia]]
** [[Frankists (Croatia)|Frankism]]
** [[Croatian socialism|Ustasism]]
** [[Neo-fascism in Croatia|Neo-fascism]]
** [[Neo-Nazism in Croatia|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Neo-Nazism#Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
* [[German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)|Czechoslovakia]]
* [[National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark|Denmark]]
** [[National Socialist Movement of Denmark|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[German occupation of Estonia during World War II|Estonia]]
** [[History of the Jews in Estonia#The Holocaust|Antisemitism]]
** [[Neo-Nazism#Estonia|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[French fascism|France]]
** [[History of the Jews in France#World War II and the Holocaust|Antisemitism]]
** [[Vichy France|Nazism]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism#France|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Neo-socialism]]
** [[Révolution nationale]]
* [[Nazism|Germany]]
** [[Nazi Germany]]
*** [[Antisemitism in Germany|Antisemitism]]
*** [[Hitlerism]]
*** [[Strasserism]]
** [[Neo-Nazism in Germany|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Völkisch movement]]
* [[Metaxism|Greece]]
** [[History of the Jews in Greece#World War II, Resistance and the Holocaust|Antisemitism]]
** [[Greek National Socialist Party|Nazism]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism in Greece|Neo-Nazism]]
**** [[Golden Dawn (political party)|Golden Dawn]]
** [[Neo-fascism in Greece|Neo-fascism]]
* [[Arrow Cross Party|Hungary]]
** [[Antisemitism in Hungary|Antisemitism]]
** [[Hungarian National Socialist Party|Nazism]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism#Hungary|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Italian Fascism|Italy]]
** [[National Fascist Party|Classical fascism]]
*** [[Actual idealism]]
**** [[Italian racial laws|Antisemitism]]
*** [[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento|Fasci movement]]
*** [[Futurist Political Party|Futurism]]
*** [[Mussolinism]]
*** [[Republican Fascist Party|Republican fascism]]
*** [[Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria|Revolutionary fascism]]
*** [[Sansepolcrismo]]
** [[Italian Social Republic|Nazism]]
*** [[Franco Freda#Involvement and contributions to the Nazi-Maoist movement|Nazi-Maoism]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism#Italy|Neo-Nazism]]
** [[Neo-Fascism in Italy|Neo-fascism]]
*** [[Italian Social Movement]]
** [[National Alliance (Italy)|Post-fascism]]
* [[German occupation of Latvia during World War II|Latvia]]
** [[History of the Jews in Latvia#German occupation of Latvia, 1941–1944|Antisemitism]]
* [[German occupation of Lithuania during World War II|Lithuania]]
* [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
** [[History of the Jews in the Netherlands#The Holocaust|Antisemitism]]
** [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande|Nazism]]
** [[Neo-Nazism#Netherlands|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Nasjonal Samling|Norway]]
** [[History of the Jews in Norway#The Holocaust|Antisemitism]]
* [[Neo-Nazism#Poland|Poland]]
** [[Antisemitism in Poland|Antisemitism]]
** [[National Radical Camp|National radicalism]]
* [[National Union (Portugal)|Portugal]]
** [[History of the Jews in Portugal#World War II|Antisemitism]]
** [[Neo-fascism#Portugal|Neo-fascism]]
* [[Legionarism|Romania]]
** [[History of the Jews in Romania#The Holocaust|Antisemitism]]
** [[National Socialist Party (Romania)|Nazism]]
** [[Ion Antonescu|Antonism]]
* [[Ruscism|Russia]]
** [[Ruscism]]
** [[Russian National Socialist Party|Nazism]]
*** [[Neo-Nazism in Russia|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Neo-Nazism in Serbia|Serbia]]
* [[Slovak People's Party|Slovakia]]
** [[Neo-fascism#Slovakia|Neo-fascism]]
** [[Neo-Nazism#Slovakia|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Slovene Lands in World War II|Slovenia]]
** [[History of the Jews in Slovenia#The Holocaust|Antisemitism]]
** [[Andrej Šiško|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Falangism|Spain]]
** [[Antisemitism in Spain]]
** [[Francoism]]
* [[Nazism in Sweden|Sweden]]
** [[Antisemitism in Sweden#Fascists, Nazis and the Holocaust|Sweden]]
** [[Neo-Nazism in Sweden|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[Neo-Nazism#Switzerland|Switzerland]]
* [[Reichskommissariat Ukraine|Ukraine]]
** [[Antisemitism in Ukraine#World War II|Antisemitism]]
** [[Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists#Ideology|Banderism]]
** [[Neo-Nazism in Ukraine|Neo-Nazism]]
* [[British fascism|United Kingdom]]
** [[Neo-fascism in the United Kingdom|Neo-fascism]]
* [[Yugoslav Radical Union|Yugoslavia]]
** [[Nazi occupation of Yugoslavia|Antisemitism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|Fascism#Oceania|l1=Fascism in Oceania}}
* [[Neo-Nazism#Oceania|Australia]]
* [[Fascism in New Zealand|New Zealand]]
** [[Neo-Nazism#Oceania|Neo-Nazism]]

== Identity politics ==
{{main|Identity politics}}
; Political internationals
* [[International Council of Women]] ([[feminism]])
* [[Minority Rights Group International]] ([[minority rights]])
* [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]] ([[indigenous rights]] and [[self-determination]])

=== Age-related rights movements ===
{{Youth rights sidebar}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti-abortion movements|Anti-abortion movement]]
*[[Children's rights movement]]
* [[Elder rights|Elder rights movement]]
* [[Intergenerational equity]]
* [[Youth rights|Youth rights movement]]

{{div col end}}

=== Animal-related rights movements ===
{{Animal rights sidebar}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Abolitionism (animal rights)|Abolitionism]]
* [[Egalitarianism#Egalitarianism and non-human animals|Animal egalitarianism]]
** [[Anti-specism]]
* [[Animal protectionism]]
* [[Animal rights|Animal rights movement]]
* [[Animal liberation movement]]
* [[Animal welfare|Animal welfarism]]
** [[Antinaturalism (politics)|Anti-naturalism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Disability-related rights movements ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Disability rights movement]]
** [[Deaf culture|Deaf rights movement]]
** [[Neurodiversity|Neurodiversity movement]]
*** [[Autism rights movement]]
*** [[Mad Pride|Mad pride movement]]
*** [[Psychiatric survivors movement]]
**** [[Anti-psychiatry]]
* [[Fat acceptance movement]]
** [[Fat feminism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Feminism ===
{{Feminism sidebar}}{{Feminist philosophy sidebar}}{{main|Feminism}}

==== General ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Analytical feminism]]
* [[Anarcha-feminism]]
* [[Care-focused feminism]]
* [[Conservative feminism]]
* [[Cultural feminism]]
* [[Cyberfeminism]]
* [[Difference feminism]]
* [[Eco-feminism]]
** [[Vegetarian ecofeminism|Vegetarian eco-feminism]]
* [[Equality feminism]]
* [[Who Stole Feminism?|Gender feminism]]
* [[Gender-critical feminism]]
* [[Individualist feminism]]
* [[Intersectional feminism]]
* [[Labor feminism]]
* [[Lesbian feminism]]
* [[Liberal feminism]]
** [[Equity feminism]]
* [[Libertarian feminism]]
* [[Lipstick feminism]]
** [[Neo-feminism]]
* [[Material feminism]]
* [[Maternal feminism]]
* [[Post-modern feminism]]
* [[Pro-feminism]]
* [[Radical feminism]]
** [[TERF|Trans-exclusionary radical feminism]]
** [[Women's liberation movement]]
* [[Separatist feminism]]
* [[Sex-positive feminism]]
* [[Social feminism]]
* [[Socialist feminism]]
** [[Marxist feminism]]
* [[Standpoint feminism]]
* [[State feminism]]
* [[Transfeminism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Opposition ====
* [[Antifeminism]]

==== Chronological variants ====
{{main|History of feminism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Proto-feminism]]
* [[First-wave feminism]]
* [[Second-wave feminism]]
* [[Third-wave feminism]]
* [[Fourth-wave feminism]]
* [[Post-feminism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Ethnic and social variants ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Black feminism]]
** [[Hip-hop feminism]]
** [[Womanism]]
*** [[Africana womanism]]
* [[Chicana feminism]]
* [[Dalit feminism]]
* [[French feminism]]
** [[Post-structural feminism]]
* [[Indigenous feminism]]
** [[Native American feminism]]
* [[Jineology|Kurdish feminism]]
* [[Post-colonial feminism]]
** [[Global feminism]]
** [[Third-world feminism]]
** [[Transnational feminism]]
* [[White feminism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Religious variants ====
{{main|Religious feminism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Atheist feminism]]
* [[Buddhist feminism]]
* [[Christian feminism]]
** [[New feminism]]
* [[Hindu feminism]]
* [[Islamic feminism]]
* [[Jewish feminism]]
** [[Orthodox Jewish feminism]]
* [[Mormon feminism]]
* [[Goddess movement|Neopagan feminism]]
** [[Dianic Wicca]]
** [[Reclaiming (Neopaganism)|Reclaiming]]
* [[Sikh feminism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Regional variants ====
===== African =====
{{main|African feminism|l1=Feminism in Africa}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Feminism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]]
* [[Feminism in Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[Feminism in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]
* [[Feminism in Ghana|Ghana]]
* [[Feminism in Mali|Mali]]
* [[Feminism in Nigeria|Nigeria]]
* [[Feminism in South Africa|South Africa]]

{{div col end}}

===== American =====
{{main|History of feminism#America|l1=Feminism in America}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Feminism in Latin America|Latin America]]
** [[Feminism in Argentina|Argentina]]
** [[Feminism in Brazil|Brazil]]
** [[Feminism in Chile|Chile]]
** [[Feminism in Haiti|Haiti]]
** [[Feminism in Honduras|Honduras]]
** [[Feminism in Mexico|Mexico]]
** [[Feminism in Paraguay|Paraguay]]
** [[Feminism in Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]]
* [[Women's liberation movement in North America|North America]]
** [[Feminism in Canada|Canada]]
** [[Feminism in the United States|United States]]

{{div col end}}

===== Asian =====
{{main|Women's liberation movement in Asia|l1=Feminism in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Feminism in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
* [[Feminism in China|China]]
* [[Feminism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
* [[Feminism in India|India]]
* [[Feminism in Indonesia|Indonesia]]
* [[Feminism in Iran|Iran]]
* [[Feminism in Iraq|Iraq]]
* [[Feminism in Israel|Israel]]
* [[Feminism in Japan|Japan]]
* [[Feminism in Lebanon|Lebanon]]
* [[Feminism in Malaysia|Malaysia]]
* [[Feminism in Nepal|Nepal]]
* [[Feminism in Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]
* [[Feminism in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
* [[Feminism in the Philippines|Philippines]]
* [[Feminism in South Korea|South Korea]]
* [[Feminism in Syria|Syria]]
* [[Feminism in Taiwan|Taiwan]]
* [[Feminism in Thailand|Thailand]]
* [[Feminism in Turkey|Turkey]]
* [[Feminism in Vietnam|Vietnam]]

{{div col end}}

===== European =====
{{main|Women's liberation movement in Europe|l1=Feminism in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Feminism in Albania|Albania]]
* [[Feminism in Denmark|Denmark]]
* [[Feminism in Finland|Finland]]
* [[Feminism in France|France]]
* [[Feminism in Germany|Germany]]
* [[Feminism in Greece|Greece]]
* [[Feminism in the Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
* [[Feminism in Italy|Italy]]
* [[Feminism in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
* [[Feminism in Norway|Norway]]
* [[Feminism in Poland|Poland]]
* [[Feminism in Russia|Russia]]
* [[Feminism in Sweden|Sweden]]
* [[Feminism in Ukraine|Ukraine]]
* [[Feminism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]

{{div col end}}

===== Oceanian =====
{{main|Women's liberation movement in Oceania|l1=Feminism in Oceania}}
* [[Feminism in Australia|Australia]]
* [[Feminism in New Zealand|New Zealand]]

=== LGBT social movements ===
{{LGBTQ sidebar}}
{{main|LGBT social movements}}
{{See also|Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Gay liberation]]
* [[Homonationalism]]
* [[LGBT conservatism]]
* [[LGBT pride]]
* [[LGBT rights opposition]]
* [[Pink capitalism]]
* [[Queer anarchism]]
* [[Queer radicalism]]
* [[Queer ecology]]
* [[Queer nationalism]]
* [[Socialism and LGBT rights]]
* [[Transfeminism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Men's movement ===
{{Masculism sidebar}}{{main|Men's movement}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti-feminism]]
* [[Fathers' rights movement]]
* [[Intactivism]]
* [[Masculism]]
* [[Meninism]]
* [[Men's rights movement]]
* [[Mythopoetic men's movement]]
* [[Patriarchy]]
* [[Pro-feminism]]
** [[Men's liberation movement]]

{{div col end}}

==== Regional variants ====
{{main|Fathers' rights movement by country}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Fathers' rights movement in Australia|Australia]]
* [[Men's rights movement in India|India]]
* [[Fathers' rights movement in Italy|Italy]]
* [[Fathers' rights movement in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
* [[Fathers' rights movement in the United States|United States]]

{{div col end}}

=== Self-determination movements ===
{{main|Self-determination}}

==== African-American ====
{{Black Power sidebar}}
{{main|Black pride}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[African-American self-determination|African-American self-determination movement]]
* [[Black anarchism]]
* [[Black capitalism]]
** [[Black conservatism]]
* [[Black feminism]]
** [[Womanism]]
*** [[Africana womanism]]
* [[Black power]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Indigenous peoples ====
{{indigenous rights}}
{{main|Indigenism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Self-determination of Australian Aborigines|Australian Aborigines self-determination movement]]
* [[Idle No More|First Nations self-determination movement]]
* [[Greenlandic independence movement]]
* [[Indigenismo|Indigenous self-determination movement]]
* [[Māori protest movement|Māori self-determination movement]]
* [[Native American self-determination|Native American self-determination movement]]
** [[American Indian Movement]]
* [[Pan-Indianism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Latin American ====
{{main|La raza}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Chicanismo|Chicanism]]
** [[Chicano movement]]
* [[Hispanismo|Hispanicism]]
* [[Indigenismo|Indigenism]]
** [[Indigenismo in Mexico|Mexico]]
** [[Indigenismo#Indigenismo in Peru|Peru]]
* [[Pan-Americanism]]
* [[Panhispanism|Pan-Hispanism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Separatist and supremacist movements ===
{{main|Separatism|Supremacism}}

==== Ethnic ====
{{main|Ethnic separatism|Ethnic supremacism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Afrocentrism]]
* [[19th-century Anglo-Saxonism|Anglo-Saxonism]]
* [[Apartheid]]ism
* [[Antisemitism]]
** [[Cultural antisemitism]]
** [[Economic antisemitism]]
** [[New antisemitism]]
** [[Political antisemitism]]
** [[Racial antisemitism]]
** [[Religious antisemitism]]
* [[Arab supremacy|Arab supremacism]]
* [[Auto-segregation]]ism
* [[Eurocentrism]]
* [[Indocentrism]]
* [[Institutional racism]]
* [[Manifest destiny]]
* [[Nordicism]]
* [[Racialism]]
* [[Racial segregation]]ism
** [[Social apartheid]]
* [[Racial separatism (disambiguation)|Racial separatism]]
* [[Racial supremacism]]
* [[Racism]]
* [[Scientific racism]]
* [[Secessionism]]
* [[Sinocentrism]]

{{div col end}}

===== Black =====
* [[Black nationalism]]
**[[Garveyism]]
* [[Black separatism]]
* [[Black supremacism]]
* [[Black feminism|Black Feminism]]

===== White =====
* [[White nationalism]]
* [[White separatism]]
* [[White supremacism]]
* [[White feminism]]

===== Regional variants =====
====== African ======
{{main|List of active separatist movements in Africa|l1=Separatism in Africa}}
* [[Apartheid in South Africa|South Africa]]

====== American ======
{{main|Separatism#Americas|l1=Separatism in the Americas}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Separatism#Americas|Latin America]]
** [[Casta|Racial segregationism]]
* [[Separatism#Americas|North America]]
** [[Secessionist movements of Canada|Canada]]
*** [[Racial segregation in Canada|Racial segregationism]]
**** [[Racial segregation in Greater Vancouver|Greater Vancouver]]
** [[Secession in the United States|United States]]
*** [[Racial segregation in the United States|Racial segregationism]]
**** [[Racial segregation in Atlanta|Atlanta segregationism]]
**** [[Auto-segregation#United States|Auto-segregationism]]
**** [[Racial segregation of churches in the United States|Church segregationism]]
**** [[Racial segregation of public housing in the United States|Public house segregationism]]
**** [[Residential segregation in the United States|Residential segregationism]]
**** [[School segregation in the United States|School segregationism]]
***** [[Segregation academy|Academic segregationism]]
***** [[Black school|Black school segregationism]]
**** [[Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces|United States Armed Forces]]
*** [[White nationalism#United States|White nationalism]]
*** [[White supremacy in the United States|White supremacism]]

{{div col end}}

====== Asian ======
{{main|Separatism#Asia|l1=Separatism in Asia}}
* [[Separatism in Pakistan|Pakistan]]

====== European ======
{{main|Separatism in Europe}} 
* [[Partition of Belgium|Belgium]]
* [[Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia, and Herzegovina]]
* [[Abkhaz–Georgian conflict|Georgia]]
** [[Chechen–Russian conflict|Separatism in Chechnya]]
** [[Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan|Separatism in Dagestan]]
** [[All-Tatar Public Center|Separatism in Tatarstan]]
** [[Ural Republic|Separatism in Ural]]
* [[Kosovo War|Serbia]]
* [[National and regional identity in Spain|Spain]]
** [[Basque nationalism|Basque separatism]]
** [[Catalan independence movement|Catalan separatism]]
* [[Separatism in eastern Ukraine|Ukraine]]
* [[Separatism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]

====== Oceania ======
{{main|Separatism#Australasia|l1=Separatism in Oceania}}
* [[Secessionism in Western Australia|Australia]]
** [[Secessionism in Tasmania|Tasmania]]

==== Gender ====
{{main|Separatism#Gender and sexist speratism|Sexism|l1=Gender separatism}}
* [[Feminist separatism]]
** [[Lesbian separatism]]
* [[Homonationalism]]
* [[Matriarchy]]
* [[Patriarchy]]

==== Religious variants ====
{{main|Religious separatism|Supremacism#Fundamentalism|l2=Religious supremacism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Fundamentalism]]
** [[Buddhist fundamentalism]]
** [[Christian fundamentalism]]
*** [[Catholic fundamentalism]]
*** [[Protestant fundamentalism]]
** [[Hindu fundamentalism]]
** [[Islamic fundamentalism]]
** [[Jewish fundamentalism]]
** [[Fundamentalism#Pagan|Pagan fundamentalism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Student movements ===
{{Students' rights sidebar}}{{main|Student rights}}

==== General ====
* [[Anarchistic free school|Anarchist free school movement]]
* [[Student activism]]

==== Regional variants ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Student activism#Argentina|Argentina]]
* [[Student activism#Australia|Australia]]
* [[Student politics of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
* [[Student activism in canada|Canada]]
* [[2011–13 Chilean student protests|Chile]]
* [[Student activism#China|China]]
* [[Student activism#Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]
* [[Student activism#Eastern Europe and the post-Soviet Union states|Eastern Europe]]
** [[MJAFT!|Albania]]
** [[Zubr (political organization)|Belarus]]
** [[Prague Spring|Czechoslovakia]]
** [[Kmara|Georgia]]
** [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|Hungary]]
** [[KelKel|Kyrgyzstan]]
** [[Otpor!|Serbia]]
** [[PORA|Ukraine]]
* [[European Students' Union|European Union]]
** [[May 1968 events in France|France]]
** [[German student movement|Germany]]
** [[2010 United Kingdom student protests|United Kingdom]]
* [[Student activism#Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
** [[Umbrella Revolution]]
** [[Hong Kong Federation of Students]]
** [[Moral and National Education controversy#Pressure groups and protests|Occupy Tamar]]
** [[Scholarism]]
** [[Umbrella Movement]]
* [[Student activism#India|India]]
** [[Assam Movement]]
** [[2017 pro-jallikattu protests|Pro-jallikattu movement]]
* [[Student activism#Indonesia|Indonesia]]
* [[Student activism#Iran|Iran]]
* [[Student activism#Israel|Israel]]
* [[Student activism#Japan|Japan]]
* [[Student movements in Korea|Korea]]
* [[Student activism#Malaysia|Malaysia]]
* [[Student activism#México|Mexico]]
* [[Student activism#Philippines|Philippines]]
* [[Student activism#Taiwan|Taiwan]]
** [[Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement]]
** [[Sunflower Student Movement]]
* [[Student movements in Uganda|Uganda]]
* [[Student activism#United States|United States]]
** [[Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)|New Students for a Democratic Society]]
** [[Rouge Forum]]
** [[Students for a Democratic Society]]
*** [[Worker Student Alliance]]
** [[Student Press Law Center]]

{{div col end}}

== Liberalism ==
{{Liberalism sidebar}}{{Individualism sidebar}}
{{main|Liberalism}}
{{further|Age of Enlightenment}}
; Political internationals
* [[Liberal International]] (liberalism)
* [[Transnational Radical Party]] ([[Radicalism (historical)|radicalism]])

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Agonistic liberalism]]
* [[Classical liberalism]]
* [[Conservative liberalism]]
* [[Constitutional liberalism]]
* [[Cultural liberalism]]
* [[Economic liberalism]]
* [[Green liberalism]]
* [[Muscular liberalism]]
* [[National liberalism]]
* [[Neoclassical liberalism]]
* [[Neo-liberalism]]
* [[Ordoliberalism]]
* [[Secular liberalism]]
* [[Social liberalism]]
**[[Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement|LaRouche movement]]
* [[Technoliberalism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti anti-communism]]
* [[Centrism|Liberal centrism]]
** [[Communitarianism|Liberal communitarianism]]
** [[Moderate|Liberal moderatism]]
** [[Syncretic politics|Liberal syncretism]]
** [[Radical centrism]]
** [[Sinistrisme]]
** [[Third Way]]
** [[Trasformismo]]
* [[Constitutionalism|Liberal constitutionalism]]
* [[Egalitarianism#Legal egaitarianism|Liberal egalitarianism]]
** [[Egalitarianism#Modern egalitarianism theory|Modern egalitarianism]]
** [[Political egalitarianism]]
* [[Liberal autocracy]]
* [[Liberal conservatism]]
* [[Liberal corporatism]]
* [[Liberal democracy]]
* [[Liberal feminism]]
** [[Equity feminism]]
* [[Liberal internationalism]]
** [[Cosmopolitanism]]
** [[Globalism]]
*** [[Cultural globalization]]ism
*** [[Economic globalization]]ism
*** [[Political globalization]]ism
* [[Social progressivism|Liberal progressivism]]
* [[Liberal socialism]]
**[[Ethical socialism]]
* [[Democratic transhumanism|Liberal transhumanism]]
* [[Welfare|Liberal welfarism]]
* [[Radicalism (historical)|Liberal radicalism]]
* [[Republicanism|Liberal republicanism]]
** [[Classical republicanism]]
** [[Republicanism#Democracy|Democratic republicanism]]
** [[Legal egalitarianism]]
** [[Republicanism#Modern republicanism|Modern republicanism]]
** [[Neo-republicanism]]
* [[Social libertarianism]]
* [[Whiggism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Liberalism#Criticism and support|Anti-liberalism]]
* [[Illiberal democracy]]

=== Regional variants ===
{{main|Liberalism by country}}

==== African ====
{{main|History of liberalism#Africa and Asia|l1=Liberalism in Africa}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Liberalism in Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[Liberalism in Nigeria|Nigeria]]
* [[Liberalism in Senegal|Senegal]]
* [[Liberalism in South Africa|South Africa]]
* [[Liberalism in Tunisia|Tunisia]]
* [[Liberalism in Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{main|History of liberalism#Americas|l1=Liberalism in America}}
{{Liberalism US}}
{{Modern liberalism US}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Liberalism in Latin America|Latin America]]
** [[Liberalism in Bolivia|Bolivia]]
** [[Liberalism in Brazil|Brazil]]
** [[Liberalism and radicalism in Chile|Chile]]
** [[Liberalism in Colombia|Colombia]]
** [[Liberalism in Cuba|Cuba]]
** [[Liberalism in Ecuador|Ecuador]]
** [[Liberalism in Honduras|Honduras]]
** [[Liberalism in Mexico|Mexico]]
** [[Liberalism in Nicaragua|Nicaragua]]
** [[Liberalism in Panama|Panama]]
** [[Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay|Paraguay]]
** [[Liberalism in Peru|Peru]]
** [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|Puerto Rico]]
** [[Liberalism in Uruguay|Uruguay]]
***[[Batllism]]
** [[Liberal Party (Venezuela)|Venezuela]]
* [[History of liberalism#Americas|North America]]
** [[Liberalism in Canada|Canada]]
** [[Liberalism in the United States|United States]]
*** [[Abolitionism in the United States|Abolitionism]]
*** [[Anti-Federalism]]
**** [[Anti-Administration party]]
**** [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic republicanism]]
***** [[Jacobin (politics)#United States|Jacobinism]]
***** [[Jeffersonian democracy|Jeffersonianism]]
*** [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratism]]
**** [[New Democrats (United States)|New democratism]]
***** [[Clintonism]]
*** [[Liberal Republican Party (United States)|Liberal republicanism]]
**** [[Moderate Republicans (modern United States)|Moderate republicanism]]
**** [[Radical Republican|Radical republicanism]]
*** [[Modern liberalism in the United States|Modern liberalism]]
**** [[Libertarianism in the United States|Classical liberalism]]
****[[New Deal liberalism]]
***** [[New Deal coalition]]
**** [[Progressivism in the United States|Progressive movement]]
**** [[Wilsonianism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{main|History of liberalism#Africa and Asia|l1=Liberalism in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Liberalism in China|China]]
* [[Liberalism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
* [[Liberalism in India|India]]
* [[Liberalism in Iran|Iran]]
* [[Liberalism in Israel|Israel]]
* [[Liberalism in Japan|Japan]]
* [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Philippines]]
* [[Liberalism in South Korea|South Korea]]
* [[Liberalism in Taiwan|Taiwan]]
* [[Liberalism in Thailand|Thailand]]
* [[Liberalism in Turkey|Turkey]]
**[[Liberal Kemalism]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|Liberalism in Europe}}
{{Liberalism UK}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Liberalism in Albania|Albania]]
* [[Liberalism in Armenia|Armenia]]
* [[Liberalism in Austria|Austria]]
** [[Jacobin (politics)#Austria|Jacobinism]]
* [[Liberalism in Belgium|Belgium]]
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
* [[Liberalism in Croatia|Croatia]]
* [[Liberalism in Cyprus|Cyprus]]
* [[Liberalism in the Czech lands|Czech lands]]
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark|Denmark]]
* [[Liberalism and centrism in Estonia|Estonia]]
* [[Liberalism and centrism in Finland|Finland]]
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in France|France]]
** [[Abolitionism in France|Abolitionism]]
*** [[Society of the Friends of the Blacks]]
** [[Opportunist Republicans|Republican Left]]
** [[Revolutionary France]]
*** [[Left–right political spectrum#History|Historical Left]]
**** [[Jacobins]]
***** [[Cordeliers]]
***** [[Dantonists]]
***** [[Girondins]]
***** [[Hébertists]]
***** [[The Mountain|Montagnards]]
*** [[Modérantisme]]
**** [[Feuillant (political group)|Feuillants Club]]
**** [[The Plain|Maraisards]]
***** [[Thermidorian Reaction|Thermidorians]]
**** [[Monarchiens]]
**** [[Society of 1789]]
* [[Liberalism in Germany|Germany]]
* [[Liberalism in Greece|Greece]]
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary|Hungary]]
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Italy|Italy]]
** [[Historical Left]]
** [[Historical Right]]
* [[Liberalism in Latvia|Latvia]]
* [[Liberalism in Lithuania|Lithuania]]
* [[Liberalism in Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
* [[Liberalism in the Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]]
* [[Liberalism in Moldova|Moldova]]
* [[Liberalism in Montenegro|Montenegro]]
* [[Liberalism in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
* [[Liberalism in Norway|Norway]]
* [[Liberalism in Poland|Poland]]
* [[Liberalism in Portugal|Portugal]]
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Romania|Romania]]
* [[Liberalism in Russia|Russia]]
* [[Liberalism in Serbia|Serbia]]
* [[Liberalism in Slovakia|Slovakia]]
* [[Liberalism in Slovenia|Slovenia]]
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Spain|Spain]]
**[[Krausism#Spanish Krausism|Krausism]]
* [[Liberalism and centrism in Sweden|Sweden]]
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland|Switzerland]]
* [[Liberalism in Ukraine|Ukraine]]
* [[Liberalism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
** [[Abolitionism in the United Kingdom|Abolitionism]]
** [[Gladstonian liberalism]]
** [[Manchester Liberalism]]
*** [[Cobdenism]]
** [[Muscular liberalism]]
** [[Social liberalism#United Kingdom|New liberalism]]
** [[Radicals (UK)|Radicalism]]
*** [[Chartism]]
*** [[Foxite]]s
*** [[Jacobin (politics)#United Kingdom|Jacobinism]]
*** [[Philosophical Radicals|Philosophical Radicalism]]
** [[Roundheads]]
*** [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwellism]]
*** [[Whigs (British political party)|Whigs]]
** [[Herbert Spencer|Spencerianism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|History of liberalism#Oceania|l1=Liberalism in Oceania}}
* [[Liberalism in Australia|Australia]]
* [[Historic liberalism in New Zealand|New Zealand]]

== Libertarianism ==
{{Libertarianism sidebar}}{{main|Libertarianism}}
; Political internationals
* [[Center for a Stateless Society]] ([[left-libertarianism]])
* [[International Alliance of Libertarian Parties]] ([[right-libertarianism]])
* [[International of Anarchist Federations]] ([[anarchism]])
* [[The IU|International Union for Land Value Taxation]] ([[geoism]])
* [[Liberty International (organization)|Liberty International]] ([[right-libertarianism]])

=== Left-libertarianism ===
{{Libertarian socialism sidebar}}{{main|Left-libertarianism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Left-libertarianism#Classical liberalism and Georgism|Classical liberal radicalism]]
* [[Eco-socialism]]
* [[Free-market anarchism]]
* [[Free-market anti-capitalism]]
** [[Agorism]]
** [[Counter-economics]]
** [[Free-market socialism]]
** [[Left-wing laissez-faire]]
** [[Market-oriented left-libertarianism]]
** [[Really Really Free Market|Really Really Free Market movement]]
* [[Geolibertarianism]]
* [[Green anarchism]]
* [[Individualist anarchism]]
* [[Libertarian communism]]
* [[Libertarian Marxism]]
* [[Libertarian socialism]]
* [[Mutualism (economic theory)|Mutualism]]
* [[Social anarchism]]
* [[Social libertarianism]]
* [[Steiner–Vallentyne school]]

{{div col end}}

=== Right-libertarianism ===
{{main|Right-libertarianism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarcho-capitalism]]
** [[Crypto-anarchism]]
* [[Austro-libertarianism]]
* [[Chicago school (economics)|Chicagoanism]]
* [[Conservative libertarianism]]
* [[Fiscal conservatism]]
* [[Free-market]]ism
** [[Free-market fundamentalism]]
** [[Right-wing laissez-faire]]
* [[Fusionism]]
* [[Neo-liberalism]]
* [[Paleolibertarianism]]
* [[Propertarianism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{see also|Classical liberalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Autarchism]]
* [[Civil libertarianism]]
* [[Consequentialist libertarianism]]
* [[Constitutionalism]]
* [[Laissez-faire]]
* [[Libertarian conservatism]]
* [[Libertarian feminism]]
* [[Libertarian paternalism]]
* [[Minarchism]]
* [[Natural-rights libertarianism]]
* [[Neoclassical liberalism]]
* [[Panarchy (political philosophy)|Panarchism]]
* [[Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism]]
*[[Technolibertarianism]]
**[[Libertarian transhumanism]]
***[[Anarcho-transhumanism]]
**[[Californian Ideology]]
**[[Techno-utopianism]]
* [[Voluntaryism]]
{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Criticism of libertarianism|Anti-libertarianism]]

=== Religious variants ===
* [[Christian libertarianism]]
* [[Libertarian Christianity]]

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
* [[Libertarianism in South Africa|South Africa]]
** [[Anarchism in South Africa|Anarchism]]

==== American ====
{{Libertarianism US}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Presidency of Javier Milei|Argentina]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Canada|Canada]]
** [[Anarchism in Canada|Anarchism]]
* [[Libertarianism in the United States|United States]]

{{div col end}}

===== United States =====
{{main|Libertarianism in the United States}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarcho-capitalism#Influences|Anarcho-capitalism]]
** [[David D. Friedman#The Machinery of Freedom|Freedmanian anarcho-capitalism]]
** [[Murray Rothbard#Anarcho-capitalism|Rothbardian anarcho-capitalism]]
*** [[Hans-Hermann Hoppe|Hoppean anarcho-capitalism]]
* [[Anarchism in the United States#Early American anarcho-communism|Anarcho-communism]]
* [[Industrial Workers of the World|Anarcho-syndicalism]]
** [[Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics|Wobblyism]]
* [[Timothy C. May|Crypto-anarchism]]
* [[Individualist anarchism in the United States#American egoism|Egoist anarchism]]
* [[Left-wing market anarchism#Precedents|Free-market anti-capitalism]]
** [[Free-market anarchism#History|Free-market anarchism]]
*** [[Samuel Edward Konkin III|Agorism]]
*** [[Individualist anarchism in the United States#Overview|Free-market socialism]]
**** [[Laissez-faire socialism]]
**** [[Mutualism (economic theory)#Ideological development|Mutualism]]
**** [[Mutualism (economic theory)#Mutualism today|Neo-mutualism]]
*** [[Free-market anarchism#Alliance between market-oriented libertarians and the New Left|Market-oriented left-libertarianism]]
**** [[Left-wing laissez-faire]]
***** [[Laissez-faire socialism]]
**** [[Left-wing market anarchism]]
* [[Green anarchism#Mid-20th century|Green anarchism]]
* [[Individualist anarchism in the United States|Individualist anarchism]]
* [[Libertarian Democrat|Libertarian democratism]]
** [[Bleeding-heart libertarianism]]
* [[Libertarian Republican|Libertarian republicanism]]
** [[Conservative libertarianism]]
*** [[Reaganism]]
* [[Laissez-faire#United States|Right-wing laissez-faire]]
** [[Laissez-faire capitalism]]
** [[Raw capitalism]]
* [[Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism|Social anarchism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
* [[Libertarianism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]

==== European ====
* [[Libertarianism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
** [[Anarchism in the United Kingdom|Anarchism]]
*** [[Anarcho-communism in the United Kingdom|Anarcho-communism]]
*** [[Anarcho-naturism#Other countries|Anarcho-naturism]]
*** [[Individualist anarchism in Europe#United Kingdom and Ireland|Individualist anarchism]]
** [[Thatcherism]]

==== Oceanian ====
* [[Libertarian Party of Australia|Australia]]
** [[Anarchism in Australia|Anarchism]]
***[[Harry Hooton#Anarcho-technocracy|Anarcho-technocracy]]

== Nationalism ==
{{Nationalism sidebar}}{{main|Nationalism}}
; Political internationals
* [[International Conference of Asian Political Parties]] ([[pan-Asianism]] and [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalism]])
* [[The Movement (populist group)|The Movement]] ([[neo-nationalism]] and [[right-wing populism]])
* [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]] ([[nationalism]] and [[self-determination]])

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Blind nationalism]]
* [[Bourgeois nationalism]]
* [[Civic nationalism]]
* [[Cultural nationalism]]
* [[Diaspora politics|Diaspora nationalism]]
* [[Eco-nationalism]]
* [[Economic nationalism]]
** [[Business nationalism]]
** [[Corporate nationalism]]
** [[Developmentalism]]
** [[Protectionism]]
* [[Ethnic nationalism]]
* [[Expansionist nationalism]]
** [[Imperialism]]
** [[Colonialism]]
** [[Irredentism]]
** [[Jingoism]]
** [[Neo-colonialism]]
** [[Neo-imperialism]]
** [[Revanchism]]
* [[Homonationalism]]
* [[Integral nationalism]]
** [[Brazilian Integralism]]
** [[Integralismo Lusitano|Lusitanian integralism]]
** [[Maurrassisme|Maurassisme]]
**[[Revisionist Maximalism]]
* [[Left-wing nationalism]]
* [[Liberal nationalism]]
* [[Wars of national liberation|Liberation nationalism]]
* [[Pan-nationalism]]
* [[Types of nationalism#Post-colonial nationalism|Post-colonial nationalism]]
* [[Queer nationalism]]
* [[Radical nationalism]]
* [[Revolutionary nationalism]]
* [[Right-wing populism|Right-wing nationalism]]
** [[Neo-nationalism]]
* [[Romantic nationalism]]
* [[Socialist patriotism|Socialist nationalism]]
** [[Socialism in one country]]
** [[Yugoslavism|Socialist Yugoslav nationalism]]
*** [[Yugo-nostalgia]]
** [[Soviet nationalism]]
*** [[Neo-Stalinism]]
*** [[Neo-Sovietism]]
*** [[Soviet nostalgia]]
* [[Territorial nationalism]]
* [[Ultranationalism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti-imperialism]]
** [[Isolationism]]
** [[Souverainism]]
* [[Chauvinism]]
** [[Fascism]]
*** [[Nazism]]
**** [[Neo-Nazism]]
*** [[Neo-fascism]]
** [[Welfare chauvinism]]
* [[Communitarianism]]
* [[Dark Enlightenment]]
* [[Euroscepticism]]
** [[Hard Euroscepticism]]
** [[Soft Euroscepticism]]
* [[Nashism]]
* [[National-anarchism]]
* [[National Bolshevism]]
* [[National capitalism]]
* [[National communism]]
* [[National conservatism]]
* [[National liberalism]]
* [[National mysticism]]
* [[National populism]]
* [[Socialist nationalism|National socialism]]
* [[National syndicalism]]
* [[Nativism (politics)|Nativism]]
* [[Patriotism]]
* [[Souverainism|Sovereignism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
{{main|Anti-nationalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anationalism]]
* [[Anti-patriotism]]
* [[Anti-Zionism]]
** [[Religious anti-Zionism]]
* [[Cosmopolitanism]]
* [[Globalism]]
* [[Internationalism (politics)|Internationalism]]
** [[Cosmopolitan democracy]]
** [[Liberal internationalism]]
** [[Postnationalism]]
** [[Proletarian internationalism]]
** [[World communism|Socialist internationalism]]
* [[Multiculturalism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Religious nationalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Religious nationalism#Nationalism in modern paganism|Pagan nationalism]]
* [[Buddhism and violence|Buddhist nationalism]]
** [[969 Movement]]
** [[Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism]]
* [[Christian nationalism]]
* [[Hindu nationalism]]
* [[Muslim nationalism]]
* [[New Confucianism]]
* [[Religious Zionism]]
** [[Christian Zionism]]
* [[Khalistan movement|Sikh nationalism]]
* [[State Shinto]]
** [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|Showa Statism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{Pan-African}}
{{main|African nationalism|l1=Nationalism in Africa}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Algerian nationalism|Algeria]]
* [[Berberism|Berber]]
* [[Congolese nationalism (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|East Congo]]
** [[Lumumbism]]
* [[Egyptian nationalism|Egypt]]
** [[Pharaonism]]
*** [[Coptic nationalism]]
**** [[Coptic identity]]
* [[Ethiopian nationalism|Ethiopia]]
* [[Hutu Power]]
* [[Malagasy Uprising|Madagascar]]
* [[Nigerian nationalism|Nigeria]]
** [[Igbo nationalism]]
* [[Somali nationalism|Somalia]]
* [[National Party (South Africa)|South Africa]]
** [[Afrikaner nationalism|Afrikaners]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Argentine nationalism|Argentina]]
* [[Brazilian nationalism|Brazil]]
* [[Canadian nationalism|Canada]]
** [[Quebec nationalism|Quebec]]
* [[Costa Rican nationalism|Costa Rica]]
* [[Creole nationalism]]
* [[Greenlandic independence|Greenland]]
* [[Nationalism in Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]]
* [[American nationalism|United States]]
** [[American exceptionalism]]
** [[Americanism (ideology)|Americanism]]
** [[Chicano nationalism]]
** [[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]]
** [[Manifest destiny]]
** [[New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)|New Nationalism]]
** [[Puerto Rico independence movement]]
** [[Southern nationalism]]
*** [[Confederate States of America|Confederatism]]
**** [[Neo-Confederate|Neo-confederate movement]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Arab nationalism|Arab]]
** [[Lebanese nationalism|Lebanon]]
** [[Palestinian nationalism|Palestine]]
* [[Assyrian nationalism|Assyria]]
* [[Azerbaijani nationalism|Azerbaijan]]
* [[Bangladeshi nationalism|Bangladesh]]
* [[Khmer nationalism|Cambodia]]
* [[Chinese nationalism|China]]
** [[Uyghur nationalism|East Turkistan]]
** [[Taiwanese nationalism|Taiwan]]
*** [[Taiwan independence movement]]
** [[Tibetan nationalism|Tibet]]
* [[Indian nationalism|India]]
** [[Assamese nationalism|Assam]]
*** [[Bodo nationalism]]
** [[Bengali nationalism|Bengal]]
** [[Dravidian nationalism]]
*** [[Kerala reformation movement|Kerala]]
*** [[Tamil nationalism|Tamil Nadu]]
** [[Indian independence movement]]
*** [[Opposition to the partition of India|Anti-partitionism]]
**** [[Composite nationalism]]
**** [[Hindu–Muslim unity]]
*** [[Two-nation theory]]
**** [[Hindu nationalism]]
**** [[Muslim nationalism in South Asia]]
** [[Kashmiriyat|Kashmir]]
*** [[Khilafat Movement]]
** [[Naga nationalism|Nagaland]]
** [[Punjabi nationalism|Punjab]]
*** [[Khalistan movement|Sikh nationalism]]
** [[Tripuri nationalism|Tripura]]
* [[Iranian nationalism|Iran]]
** [[Iranian Islamonationalism]]
* [[Jewish peoplehood|Israel]]
** [[Bundism]]
** [[Canaanism]]
** [[Cultural Zionism]]
** [[Federal Zionism]]
*** [[Ethnic federalism]]
*** [[Multinational state|Bi-nationalism]]
** [[Green Zionism]]
** [[Golus nationalism]]
*** [[Yiddishist movement|Yiddishism]]
** [[Labor Zionism]]
** [[Liberal Zionism]]
*** [[Reform Zionism]]
** [[Neo-Zionism]]
*** [[Greater Israel]]
** [[Types_of_Zionism#Political Zionism|Political Zionism]]
** [[Post-Zionism]]
** [[Types_of_Zionism#Practical_Zionism|Practical Zionism]]
** [[Revisionist Zionism]]
*** [[Revisionist Maximalism]]
** [[Types_of_Zionism#Revolutionary_Zionism|Revolutionary Zionism]]
*** [[National Bolshevism#Israel|National Bolshevism]]
** [[Types_of_Zionism#Synthetic_Zionism|Synthetic Zionism]]
** [[Zionism]]
* [[Japanese nationalism|Japan]]
* [[Karen conflict|Karen]]
* [[Korean nationalism|Korean]]
** [[Korean ethnic nationalism]]
* [[Kurdish nationalism|Kurdish]]
** [[Kurdish Islamonationalism]]
* [[Early Malay nationalism|Malaysia]]
* [[Pakistani nationalism|Pakistan]]
** [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir]]
* [[Filipino nationalism|Philippines]]
* [[Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism|Sri Lanka]]
** [[Tamil nationalism|Tamil]]
* [[Turkish nationalism|Turkey]]
** [[Kemalism|Kemalism or Atatürk nationalism]]
** [[Neo-Ottomanism]]
** [[Turkish Islamonationalism]]
* [[Vietnamese nationalism|Vietnam]]
** [[United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races|Degar]]
{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|Rise of nationalism in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Albanian nationalism|Albania]]
** [[Albanian nationalism (Kosovo)|Kosovo]]
* [[Armenian nationalism|Armenia]]
* [[Austrian nationalism|Austria]]
** [[German nationalism in Austria]]
* [[Belarusian national revival|Belarus]]
* [[National awakening of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
* [[Czechoslovakism|Czechoslovakia]]
** [[Czech nationalism|Czech Republic]]
** [[Slovak nationalism|Slovakia]]
* [[Estonian nationalism|Estonia]]
* [[French nationalism|France]]
** [[Alsace independence movement|Alsace]]
** [[Breton nationalism|Brittany]]
** [[Corsican nationalism|Corsica]]
** [[Gaullism]]
** [[Occitan nationalism|Occitania]]
** [[Souverainism]]
* [[Georgian nationalism|Georgia]]
* [[German nationalism|Germany]]
** [[Bavarian nationalism|Bavaria]]
** [[Prussian nationalism|Prussia]]
** [[Conservative Revolution|New Nationalism]]
** [[Reichsbürger movement]]
* [[Golus nationalism]]
* [[Greek nationalism|Greece]]
** [[Cypriot nationalism|Cyprus]]
** [[Byzantinism]]
** [[Megali Idea]]
** [[Venizelism]]
* [[Hungarian nationalism|Hungary]]
* [[Irish nationalism|Ireland]]
** [[Irish republicanism]]
** [[Unionism in Ireland|Ulster unionism]]
* [[Italian nationalism|Italy]]
** [[Lombard nationalism|Lombardy]]
** [[Padanian nationalism|Padania]]
** [[Sardinian nationalism|Sardinia]]
** [[Sicilian nationalism|Sicily]]
** [[Venetian nationalism|Venetian]]
* [[Latvian National Awakening|Latvia]]
* [[Lithuanian National Revival|Lithuania]]
* [[Pan-Netherlands|Low Countries]]
** [[Belgian nationalism|Belgium]]
*** [[Flemish Movement|Flanders]]
*** [[Orangism (Belgium)|Orangism]]
*** [[Rattachism]]
*** [[Walloon Movement|Wallonia]]
** [[Dutch people|Netherlands]]
*** [[Frisian nationalism|Frisia]]
* [[Moldovenism|Moldova]]
* [[Polish nationalism|Poland]]
** [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]
** [[Polish Messianism]]
** [[Silesian Autonomy Movement|Silesia]]
** [[Zadrugism]]
** [[Székely autonomy movement|Szeklerland]]
* [[Russian nationalism|Russia]]
** [[Eurasianism]]
*** [[Duginism]]
**** [[Neo-Eurasianism]]
** [[Extremist nationalism in Russia|Extremist nationalism]]
*** [[Black Hundreds]]
** [[Nashism]]
** [[Bulgarism]]
** [[Chechen-Russian conflict|Chechnya]]
** [[Circassian nationalism|Circassia]]
** [[Karelianism|Karelia]]
* [[Scandinavism|Nordic countries]]
** [[Faroese independence movement|Faroe Islands]]
** [[Finnish nationalism|Finland]]
*** [[Fennoman movement]]
*** [[Svecoman movement]]
** [[Greenlandic independence|Greenland]]
** [[Icelandic nationalism|Iceland]]
** [[Norwegian romantic nationalism|Norway]]
** [[Sámi people|Sápmi]]
* [[Spanish nationalism|Spain]]
** [[Basque nationalism|Basque]]
** [[Canarian nationalism|Canary Islands]]
** [[Catalan nationalism|Catalonia]]
** [[Galician nationalism|Galicia]]
** [[Valencian nationalism|Valencia]]
*** [[Blaverism]]
* [[Ukrainian nationalism|Ukraine]]
* [[British nationalism|United Kingdom]]
** [[British unionism]]
** [[Cornish nationalism|Cornwall]]
** [[English nationalism|England]]
** [[Northern Ireland]]
*** [[Ulster loyalism]]
*** [[Ulster nationalism]]
** [[Scottish nationalism|Scotland]]
** [[Welsh nationalism|Wales]]
* [[Yugoslavism|Yugoslavia]]
** [[Bosnian nationalism|Bosnia]]
** [[Croatian nationalism|Croatia]]
*** [[Dalmatianism|Dalmatia]]
*** [[Istrian identity|Istria]]
** [[Serbian nationalism|Serbia]]
** [[Macedonian nationalism|Macedonia]]
** [[Montenegrin nationalism|Montenegro]]
** [[Slovene nationalism|Slovenia]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
* [[Australian nationalism|Australia]]
* [[New Zealand First|New Zealand]]
** [[Māori nationalism|Māori]]
** [[South Island nationalism|South Island]]

=== Unification movements ===
{{main|Pan-nationalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Chinese unification]]ism
** [[Han nationalism]]
* [[Continentalism]]
* [[Eurasianism]]
* [[Hui pan-nationalism]]
* [[Indian nationalism]]
** [[Opposition to the partition of India|Anti-partitionism]]
*** [[Composite nationalism]]
*** [[Hindu–Muslim unity]]
**** [[Indian reunification]]ism
**** [[Indo-Pakistani Confederation]]ism
* [[Indigenism]]
**[[Chicanismo]]
** [[Indigenismo|Indigenism movement]]
** [[Pan-Indianism]]
* [[Korean reunification]]ism
* [[Multiculturalism]]
** [[Interculturalism]]
** [[Pluriculturalism]]
** [[Plurinationalism]]
** [[Polyculturalism]]
* [[Neo-Sovietism]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-Albanianism]]
* [[Pan-Americanism]]
* [[Pan-Arabism]]
** [[Ba'athism]]
** [[Nasserism]]
*** [[Neo-Ba'athism]]
**** [[Assadism]]
**** [[Saddamism]]
* [[Pan-Asianism]]
* [[Pan-Celticism]]
* [[Dravidian nationalism|Pan-Dravidianism]]
* [[Pan-Europeanism]]
** [[Pro-Europeanism]]
** [[European federalism]]
*** [[European Federation|United States of Europe]]
** [[Pan-European nationalism]]
* [[Pan-Finnicism]]
* [[Natural borders of France|Pan-Francoism]]
** [[Rattachism]]
* [[Pan-Germanism]]
** [[German reunification]]ism
* [[Megali Idea|Pan-Hellenism]]
* [[Pan-Hispanism]]
** [[Patria Grande]]
* [[Pan-Iberism]]
* [[Pan-Iranism]]
* [[United Ireland|Pan-Irishism]]
* [[Pan-Islamism]]
* [[Latin American integration|Pan-Latin Americanism]]
* [[Pan-Latinism]]
* [[Pan-Mongolism]]
* [[Pan-Netherlands|Pan-Netherlandism]]
** [[Greater Netherlands|Grootneerlandisme]]
** [[Orangism (Kingdom of the Netherlands)|Orangism]]
* [[Pan-Oceanian]]ism
* [[Greater Romania|Pan-Rumanianism]]
** [[Unification of Moldova and Romania|Moldovan-Romanian reunificationism]]
* [[Pan-Scandinavianism]]
* [[Pan-Slavism]]
** [[Yugoslavism]]
* [[Pan-Somalism]]
* [[Turanism|Pan-Turanism]]
* [[Pan-Turkism]]
* [[Postnationalism]]
* [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]

{{div col end}}

== Populism ==
{{populism sidebar}}
{{main|Populism}}
; Political internationals
* [[Foro de São Paulo]] ([[democratic socialism]], [[left-wing populism]], [[social democracy]] and [[socialism of the 21st century]])
* [[The Movement (populist group)|The Movement]] ([[neo-nationalism]] and [[right-wing populism]])
* [[Progressive International]] ([[democratic socialism]], [[left-wing populism]], [[progressivism]] and [[social democracy]])

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Conservative populism]]
* [[Economic populism]]
* [[Liberal populism]]
* [[Reactionary populism]]
* [[Social populism]]
* [[Socialist populism]]
* [[Techno-populism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Left-wing populism ===
{{main|Left-wing populism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Agrarian socialism]]
* [[Anti-austerity movement]]
* [[Anti-consumerism]]
* [[Criticisms of corporations|Anti-corporate movement]]
** [[Anti-corporate activism]]
* [[Anti-globalization movement]]
** [[Alter-globalization movement]]
** [[Global citizens movement]]
** [[Global justice movement]]
* [[Anti-nuclear movement]]
* [[Autonomism]]
* [[Opposition to copyright|Copyright reform movement]]
** [[Copyleft]]
* [[Cyber-utopianism]]
* [[Economic democracy]]
** [[Councilism|Council democracy]]
** [[Inclusive democracy]]
** [[Industrial democracy]]
** [[Soviet democracy]]
** [[Workers' self-management]]
** [[Workplace democracy]]
* [[Economic progressivism]]
* [[Egalitarianism]]
* [[Labour movement]]
* [[Left-wing nationalism]]
* [[Net neutrality|Net neutrality movement]]
* [[Occupy movement]]
* [[Open-source-software movement]]
* [[Participatory economics|Parecon]]
** [[Participatory budgeting]]
* [[Participatory politics|Parpolity]]
** [[Participatory democracy]]
** [[Participatory justice]]
** [[Participatory planning]]
* [[Peace movement]]
** [[Anti-militarism]]
** [[Anti-war movement]]
** [[Pacifism]]
* [[Radical democracy]]
* [[Social populism|Social democratic populism]]
* [[Socialist populism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Right-wing populism ===
{{main|Right-wing populism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Alt-lite|Alt-lite movement]]
* [[Alt-right movement]]
* [[Anti-intellectualism]]
* [[Chauvinism]]
** [[Welfare chauvinism]]
* [[Conservative populism]]
* [[Demagogy]]
* [[Market populism]]
* [[National conservatism]]
** [[Post-communism]]
* [[National populism]]
* [[Nativism (politics)|Nativism]]
** [[Opposition to immigration|Anti-immigration movement]]
* [[Neo-nationalism]]
* [[Neo-reactionary movement]]
* [[Paleoconservatism]]
* [[Penal populism]]
* [[Right-wing populism|Right-wing nationalism]]
* [[Reactionary populism]]
** [[Radical right-wing populism]]
* [[Third Position]]
* [[Völkisch movement]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Agrarianism]]
** [[Agrarian reform]]ism
*** [[Land reform|Land reform movement]]
** [[Physiocracy]]
* [[Communitarianism]]
* [[Direct democracy]]
* [[Euroscepticism]]
** [[Hard Euroscepticism]]
** [[Soft Euroscepticism]]
* [[Localism (politics)|Localism]]
* [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
** [[Souverainism|Sovereignism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{main|Populism#Africa and Asia|l1=Populism in Africa}}
* [[Arab Spring|Arab Spring movement]]

==== Asian ====
{{main|Populism#Africa and Asia|l1=Populism in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[ELAM (Cyprus)|Cyprus]]
** [[Progressive Party of Working People]]
** [[Solidarity Movement (Cyprus)|Solidarity Movement]]
* [[Populism#Georgia|Georgia]]
** [[Alliance of Patriots of Georgia]]
* [[Populism#India|India]]
** [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
*** [[Ambedkarism]]
** [[Hindutva]]
*** [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
**** [[Prime Minister Narendra Modi|Modism]]
* [[Populism#Iran|Iran]]
** [[Iranian Green Movement]]
* [[Populism#Pakistan|Pakistan]]
** [[Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
* [[Populism#Turkey|Turkey]]
** [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]]
*** [[Erdoğanism]]
*** [[Neo-Ottomanism]]
** [[Nationalist Movement Party]]
*** [[Idealism (Turkey)|Idealism]]
** [[Millî Görüş]]
*** [[Necmettin Erbakan|Erbakanism]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{main|Populism#North America|Populism#Latin America|l1=Populism in North America|l2=Populism in Latin America}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Populism in Latin America|Latin America]]
** [[Front for Victory|Argentina]]
*** [[Kirchnerism]]
*** [[Peronism]]
** [[Populism in Latin America#Populist socialism|Bolivia]]
*** [[Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)|Movement for Socialism]]
** [[History of the socialist movement in Brazil|Brazil]]
*** [[Jair Bolsonaro#Political positions|Bolsonarism]]
*** [[Lulism]]
*** [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Petism]]
*** [[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]]
** [[Populism in Latin America#Chile|Chile]]
*** [[Carlos Ibáñez del Campo|Ibañism]]
** [[Populism in Latin America#Populist socialism|Ecuador]]
*** [[PAIS Alliance]]
**** [[Rafael Correa#Political ideology|Correanism]]
** [[National Regeneration Movement|Mexico]]
** [[Populism in Latin America#Populist socialism|Nicaragua]]
*** [[Sandinism]]
** [[Puerto Rican Independence Party|Puerto Rico]]
** [[Populism in Latin America#Populist socialism|Venezuela]]
*** [[Bolivarianism]]
**** [[Chavism]]
**** [[Fifth Republic Movement]]
* [[Populism#North America|North America]]
** [[Populism in Canada|Canada]]
** [[History of direct democracy in the United States|United States]]
*** [[Black populism|Black populism movement]]
*** [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Bull Moose populism]]
*** [[Coffee Party USA|Coffee Party movement]]
*** [[Jacksonian democracy]]
*** [[Jeffersonian democracy]]
*** [[Huey Long#Social and political positions|Longism]]
*** [[People's Party (United States)|People's Party populism]]
*** [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Perotism]]
*** [[Progressive Party (United States, 1924–34)|Progressive populism]]
*** [[Tea Party movement]]
*** [[Trumpism]]
**** [[QAnon]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|Populism#Europe|l1=Populism in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[History of populism|Ancient Rome]]
** [[Caesarism]]
** [[Populares]]
* [[Populism#Austria|Austria]]
** [[Freedom Party of Austria]]
** [[NOW – List Pilz]]
* [[Populism#Belarus|Belarus]]
** [[Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus]]
* [[Populism#Belgium|Belgium]]
** [[People's Party (Belgium)|People's Party]]
** [[Vlaams Belang]]
* [[Populism#Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
** [[United Patriots]]
** [[Volya (Bulgarian political party)|Volya]]
* [[Populism#Croatia|Croatia]]
** [[Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja]]
** [[Human Shield (political party)|Human Shield]]
* [[Populism#Cyprus|Cyprus]]
** [[Citizens' Alliance (Cyprus)|Citizens' Alliance]]
* [[Populism#Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
** [[ANO 2011]]
** [[Czech Pirate Party]]
** [[Dawn – National Coalition]]
** [[Euroscepticism in the Czech Republic|Euroscepticism]]
** [[Freedom and Direct Democracy]]
** [[Party of Civic Rights]]
* [[Populism#Denmark|Denmark]]
** [[Danish People's Party]]
** [[Inuit Ataqatigiit]]
** [[Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)|Red–Green Alliance]]
* [[Populism#Estonia|Estonia]]
** [[Conservative People's Party of Estonia]]
* [[Populism#Europe|European Union]]
** [[Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe]]
** [[European Alliance for Freedom]]
** [[European United Left–Nordic Green Left]]
** [[Euroscepticism]]
*** [[Hard Euroscepticism]]
*** [[Soft Euroscepticism]]
** [[Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom]]
** [[Party of the European Left]]
* [[Populism#Finland|Finland]]
** [[Finns Party]]
*** [[Blue Reform]]
** [[Seven Star Movement]]
** [[Left Alliance (Finland)|Left Alliance]]
* [[Populism#France|France]]
** [[Debout la France]]
** [[Frexit]]
** [[La France Insoumise]]
** [[Left Party (France)|Left Party]]
** [[Direct democracy#Paris Commune|Paris Commune]]
*** [[Communards|Communard movement]]
** [[Poujadism]]
** [[Revolutionary France]]
*** [[Cordeliers]]
*** [[Hébertists]]
** [[National Rally (France)|National Rally]]
** [[Souverainism]]
** [[Yellow vests movement]]
* [[Populism#Germany|Germany]]
** [[Alternative for Germany]]
** [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]
** [[Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht]]
* [[Populism#Greece|Greece]]
** [[Athenian democracy|Ancient Athenian democracy]]
** [[Anti-austerity movement in Greece|Anti-austerity movement]]
** [[Golden Dawn (political party)|Golden Dawn]]
** [[Grexit]]
** [[Independent Greeks]]
** [[Popular Unity (Greece)|Popular Unity]]
** [[Syriza]]
* [[Populism#Hungary|Hungary]]
** [[Fidesz]]
*** [[Viktor Orbán#Views and public image|Orbánism]]
** [[Jobbik]]
** [[Hungarian withdrawal from the European Union]]
* [[Populism#Italy|Italy]]
** [[Five Star Movement]]
** [[Italexit]]
** [[Italian Left]]
** {{Lang|it|[[Lega Nord]]|italic=no}}
* [[Populism#Iceland|Iceland]]
** [[Centre Party (Iceland)|Centre Party]]
** [[Left-Green Movement]]
** [[Pirate Party (Iceland)|Pirate Party]]
** [[People's Party (Iceland, 2016)|People's Party]]
* [[Populism#Ireland|Ireland]]
** [[Anti-austerity movement in Ireland|Anti-austerity movement]]
*** [[Solidarity (Ireland)|Solidarity]]
** [[Euroscepticism in the Republic of Ireland|Euroscepticism]]
** [[Sinn Féin]]
* [[Populism#Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]
** [[The Independents (Liechtenstein)|The Independents]]
* [[Populism#Lithuania|Lithuania]]
** [[Order and Justice]]
* [[Populism#Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
** [[Alternative Democratic Reform Party]]
** [[The Left (Luxembourg)|The Left]]
* [[Populism#Nederlands|Nederlands]]
** [[Forum for Democracy (Netherlands)|Forum for Democracy]]
** [[Dutch withdrawal from the European Union|Nexit]]
** [[Party for Freedom]]
* [[Populism#Norway|Norway]]
** [[Progress Party (Norway)|Progress Party]]
* [[Populism#Poland|Poland]]
** [[Congress of the New Right]]
** [[Kukiz'15]]
** [[Law and Justice]]
** [[Real Politics Union]]
* [[Populism#Portugal|Portugal]]
** [[Anti-austerity movement in Portugal|Anti-austerity movement]]
*** [[Left Bloc (Portugal)|Left Bloc]]
* [[Populism#Romania|Romania]]
** [[Greater Romania Party]]
** [[Poporanism]]
** [[Romanian withdrawal from the European Union]]
* [[Populism#Russia|Russia]]
** [[A Just Russia]]
** [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]]
** [[Narodniks|Narodnik movement]]
** [[Putinism]]
* [[Populism#San Marino|San Marino]]
** [[Active Citizenship]]
** [[United Left (San Marino)|United Left]]
* [[Populism#Serbia|Serbia]]
** [[Dveri]]
** [[Serbian Progressive Party]]
** [[Serbian Radical Party]]
* [[Populism#Slovenia|Slovenia]]
** [[The Left (Slovenia)|The Left]]
** [[List of Marjan Šarec]]
** [[Slovenian Democratic Party]]
** [[Slovenian National Party]]
* [[Populism#Spain|Spain]]
** [[Anti-austerity movement in Spain|Anti-austerity movement]]
*** [[Anova–Nationalist Brotherhood]]
*** [[Podemos (Spanish political party)|Podemos]]
*** [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]]
** [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Citizens]]
** [[Vox (Spanish political party)|Vox]]
* [[Populism#Sweden|Sweden]]
** [[Left Party (Sweden)|Left Party]]
** [[Sweden Democrats]]
* [[Direct democracy#Switzerland|Switzerland]]
** [[Geneva Citizens' Movement]]
** [[Landsgemeinde]]
** [[Popular initiative (Switzerland)|Popular initiative]]
** [[Swiss People's Party]]
** [[Voting in Switzerland|Swiss semi-direct democracy]]
** [[Ticino League]]
* [[Populism#Ukraine|Ukraine]]
** [[Svoboda (political party)|Svoboda]]
* [[Populism#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
** [[Anti-austerity movement in the United Kingdom|Anti-austerity movement]]
** [[Democratic Unionist Party]]
** [[Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom|Euroscepticism]]
*** [[Brexit|Brexit movement]]
** [[UK Independence Party]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|Populism#Oceania|l1=Populism in Oceania}}
* [[Populism#Oceania|Australia]]
** [[One Nation Party]]
* [[Populism#New Zealand|New Zealand]]
** [[New Zealand First]]

== Progressivism ==
{{progressivism sidebar}}
{{main|Progressivism}}
; Political internationals
* [[Progressive Alliance]] ([[progressivism]] and [[social democracy]])
* [[Progressive International]] ([[democratic socialism]], [[left-wing populism]], [[progressivism]] and [[social democracy]])

=== General ===
* [[Economic progressivism]]
* [[Social progress]]ivism
* [[Techno-progressivism]]
* [[Transnational progressivism]]

=== Other ===
* [[Progressive conservatism]]
* [[Reform movement]]
* [[Social justice#Socal justice movements|Social justice movement]]
* [[Technocracy movement]]

=== Opposition ===
* [[Reactionary|Anti-progressivism]]

=== Religious variants ===
* [[Liberalism and progressivism within Islam|Islamic progressivism]]
* [[Progressive Christianity]]

=== Regional variants ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Progressivism in Canada|Canada]]
* [[Progressivism in South Korea|South Korea]]
**[[Centrist reformism]]
* [[Progressivism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
* [[Progressivism in the United States|United States]]
** [[American System (economic plan)|American System]]
** [[Great Society]]
*** [[War on Poverty]]
** [[New Deal]]
*** [[Fair Deal]]
*** [[Green New Deal]]
** [[The New Freedom|New Freedom]]
** [[New Frontier]]
** [[Congressional Progressive Caucus|Progressive democratism]]
*** [[Justice Democrats|Justice democratism]]
** [[Progressive Era]]
*** [[Eugenics in the United States|Eugenics]]
*** [[New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)|New Nationalism]]
*** [[Square Deal]]
*** [[Temperance movement]]
**** [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibitionism]]
*** [[Presidency of Woodrow Wilson|Wilsonianism]]
** [[Whig Party (United States)|Whigs]]

{{div col end}}

== Religio-political ideologies ==
{{main|Religion and politics}}
; Political internationals
* [[Centrist Democrat International]] ([[Christian democracy]])
* [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] ([[Islamism]])
* [[Humanist International]] ([[humanism]])
* [[Muslim Brotherhood]] ([[Islamism]])

=== General ===
{{humanism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti-Masonry]]
** [[Opposition to Freemasonry within Christianity|Christian anti-Masonry]]
** [[Anti-Masonry#Muslim anti-Masonry|Muslim anti-Masonry]]
* [[Antisemitism]]
** [[Economic antisemitism]]
** [[New antisemitism]]
** [[Racial antisemitism]]
** [[Religious antisemitism]]
* [[Clericalism]]
* [[Complementarianism]]
* [[Confessionalism (politics)|Confessionalism]]
* [[Feminist theology]]
** [[Thealogy]]
** [[Womanist theology]]
* [[Freemasonry]]
* [[Humanism]]
** [[Religious humanism]]
** [[Secular humanism]]
* [[Messianism]]
* [[Political religion]]
* [[Postcolonial theology]]
* [[Religious anarchism]]
* [[Religious anti-Zionism]]
* [[Religious rejection of politics|Religious apoliticism]]
* [[Religious communism]]
* [[Egalitarianism#Religious and spiritual egalitarianism|Religious egalitarianism]]
* [[Religion and environmentalism|Religious environmentalism]]
** [[Spiritual ecology]]
* [[Religious liberalism]]
* [[Religious nationalism]]
* [[Religious pacifism]]
* [[Religious socialism]]
* [[Secularism]]
** [[Anti-clericalism]]
** [[Cult of Reason]]
** [[Disestablishmentarianism]]
** [[Secular religion]]
** [[Secular state]]
* [[Spiritual left]]
* [[State religion]]
** [[Antidisestablishmentarianism]]
** [[Cult of the Supreme Being]]
*** [[Theophilanthropy]]
** [[Theocracy]]
** [[Theonomy]]

{{div col end}}

=== Political atheism and agnosticism ===
* [[Atheist feminism]]
* [[Marxist–Leninist atheism]]
* [[Secular humanism]]
* [[Secular liberalism]]
* [[State atheism]]

=== Political Baháʼí Faith ===
* [[New world order (Baháʼí)]]
** [[Political objections to the Baháʼí Faith|Opposition]]

=== Political Buddhism ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Buddhist anarchism]]
* [[Buddhist feminism]]
* [[Buddhist modernism]]
** [[Engaged Buddhism]]
** [[Humanistic Buddhism]]
** [[Secular Buddhism]]
* [[Buddhism and violence|Buddhist nationalism]]
** [[969 Movement]]
** [[Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism]]
* [[Buddhist socialism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Political Christianity ===
{{main|Christianity and politics}}
{{Integralism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Caesaropapism]]
* [[Antisemitism in Christianity|Christian antisemitism]]
* [[Christian democracy]]
** [[Christian corporatism]]
** [[Distributism]]
** [[Gremialismo]]
** [[Popolarismo]]
** [[Social credit]]
* [[Christian egalitarianism]]
* [[Christian views on environmentalism|Christian environmentalism]]
** [[Ecotheology]]
** [[Evangelical environmentalism]]
* [[Christian feminism]]
* [[Christian humanism]]
* [[Christianism]]
* [[Christian left]]
** [[Christian anarchism]]
*** [[Diggers]]
*** [[Tolstoyan movement]]
** [[Christian communism]]
*** [[Bruderhof Communities|Bruderhofs]]
*** [[Hutterites]]
*** [[Pre-Marxist communism|Proto-communism]]
*** [[Shakers]]
** [[Christian socialism]]
*** [[Utopian socialism]]
**** [[Levellers]]
** [[Evangelical left]]
** [[Liberal Christianity]]
** [[Liberation theology]]
** [[Progressive Christianity]]
** [[Social Gospel]]
* [[Christian pacifism]]
* [[Christian right]]
** [[Christian fundamentalism]]
*** [[Traditionalist Catholicism]]
** [[Christian libertarianism]]
*** [[Libertarian Christianity]]
** [[Christian nationalism]]
*** [[Christian Zionism]]
*** [[Christofascism]]
**** [[Clerical fascism]]
***[[Clerico-nationalism]]
*** [[National Catholicism]]
** [[Christian reconstructionism]]
*** [[Dominionism]]
** [[Theoconservatism]]
* [[Distributism]]
** [[Social credit|Social credit movement]]
*[[Integralism]]
**[[Integral humanism (Maritain)|Integral humanism]]
**[[Integrism (Spain)|Integrism]]
**[[Integral nationalism]]
***[[Brazilian Integralism|Brazilian]]
***[[Action Française|French]]
****[[Maurrassisme]]
***[[Integralismo Lusitano|Lusitanian]]
* [[Jesuism]]
* [[Political Catholicism]]
** [[Catholic Worker Movement]]
** [[Ultramontanism]]
*** [[Neo-ultramontanism]]
* [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and politics in the United States|Political Mormonism]]
** [[DezNat|Deseret Nationalism]]
** [[Mormon feminism]]
** [[Mormon fundamentalism]]
** [[Theodemocracy]]

{{div col end}}

=== Political Confucianism ===
* [[Neo-Confucianism]]
* [[New Confucianism]]

=== Political Hinduism ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Gandhism]]
** [[Gandhian socialism]]
** [[Hindu-Muslim unity]]
* [[Feminism in India|Hindu feminism]]
* [[Hindu nationalism]]
** [[Akhand Bharat]]
** [[Hindu revolution]]
** [[Hindutva]]
** [[Integral humanism (India)|Integral humanism]]
* [[Hindu reform movements|Hindu revivalism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Political indigenous religions ===
* [[Kaitiaki|Maori environmentalism]]

=== Political Islam ===
{{Islamism sidebar}}
{{main|Political aspects of Islam}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Gülen movement]]
* [[Hindu-Muslim unity]]
* [[Islamic anarchism]]
* [[Islam and antisemitism|Islamic antisemitism]]
* [[Islamic democracy]]
* [[Hima (environmental protection)|Islamic environmentalism]]
* [[Egalitarianism#Islam|Islamic egalitarianism]]
* [[Islamic feminism]]
* [[Liberalism and progressivism within Islam|Islamic liberalism]]
* [[Islamic modernism]]
* [[Islamic monarchy|Islamic monarchism]]
* [[Pacifism in Islam|Islamic pacifism]]
* [[Islamic republic]]anism
** [[Qutbism]]
*** [[Khomeinism]]
* [[Islamic socialism]]
* [[Islamic Zionism]]
* [[Islamism]]
** [[Islamic fundamentalism]]
*** [[Islamofascism|Islamic fascism]]
*** [[Jihadism]]
*** [[Worldwide caliphate]]
** [[Post-Islamism]]
* [[Muslim nationalism in South Asia]]
** [[Khilafat movement]]
* [[Pan-Islamism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Political Judaism ===
{{main|Judaism and politics|Jewish political movements}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Cultural Zionism]]
* [[Jewish anarchism]]
* [[Jewish Autonomism]]
* [[Jewish and democratic state|Jewish democracy]]
* [[Egalitarianism#Judaism|Jewish egalitarianism]]
* [[Jewish environmentalism]]
* [[Jewish feminism]]
** [[Orthodox Jewish feminism]]
* [[Jewish fundamentalism]]
* [[Jewish humanism]]
** [[Homaranismo]]
* [[Jewish left]]
** [[Bundism]]
* [[Jewish secularism]]
* [[Kibbutzim]]
** [[Kibbutz movement]]
** [[Religious Kibbutz Movement]]
* [[Zionism]]
** [[Halachic state]]
** [[Religious Zionism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Political Neopaganism ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Goddess movement|Neopagan feminism]]
** [[Reclaiming (Neopaganism)|Reclaiming]]
* [[Religious nationalism#Nationalism in modern paganism|Romantic nationalism]]
** [[Heathen Front#Ideology|Odalism]]
* [[Slavic Native Faith's identity and political philosophy|Slavic Native Faith]]
** [[Praskozorje#Ideology|Praskozorje]]
** [[Peterburgian Vedism]]
** [[Ynglism]]
** [[Zadrugism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Political Shinto ===
* [[State Shinto]]
** [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|Showa Statism]]

=== Political Sikhism ===
* [[Khalistan movement]]
* [[Sikh feminism]]

=== Political Taoism ===
* [[Huang–Lao]]
* [[Way of the Five Pecks of Rice]]
* [[Way of the Taiping]]

=== Political Zoroastrianism ===
* [[Mazdakism]]

== Satirical and anti-politics ==
{{main|Political satire}}
{{see also|List of frivolous political parties}}

=== General ===
{{see also|Abstention|Dealignment|Political apathy|Political protest|Protest vote|Voter fatigue}}
* [[Abstentionism]]
* [[2022 Ottawa municipal election#Mayoral candidates#Registered candidates#Gregory "Jreg" Guevara|Anti-Centrism]]
* [[Apoliticism]]

=== Other ===
{{see also|Anti-elitism}}
* [[Dark Enlightenment]]
* [[Populism]]
* [[Anti-politics]]

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Religious rejection of politics}}
* [[Political quietism]]

=== Regional variants ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Australia|Australia]]
* [[Beer Lovers Party (Belarus)|Belarus]]
* [[NEE|Belgium]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Canada|Canada]]
* [[The Party of Moderate Progress Within the Bounds of the Law|Czechoslovakia]]
* [[Friends of Beer Party|Czech Republic]]
* [[Union of Conscientiously Work-Shy Elements|Denmark]]
* [[Independent Royalist Party of Estonia|Estonia]]
* [[Funny Party|Faroe Island]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Germany|Germany]]
* [[Hungarian Two-tailed Dog Party|Hungary]]
* [[Best Party|Iceland]]
* [[Party of Donkeys|Iran]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Italy|Italy]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Japan|Japan]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Malta|Malta]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#New Zealand|New Zealand]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Netherlands|Netherlands]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Norway|Norway]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Poland|Poland]]
* [[Party of Free Change|Romania]]
* [[Sarmu probo nisi|Serbia]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#Spain|Spain]]
* [[Donald Duck Party|Sweden]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
* [[List of frivolous political parties#United States|United States]]

{{div col end}}

== Social democracy ==
{{Social democracy sidebar}}{{main|Social democracy}}
; Political internationals
* [[Foro de São Paulo]] ([[democratic socialism]], [[left-wing populism]], [[social democracy]] and [[socialism of the 21st century]])
* [[Progressive Alliance]] ([[progressivism]] and [[social democracy]])
* [[Progressive International]] ([[democratic socialism]], [[left-wing populism]], [[progressivism]] and [[social democracy]])
* [[Socialist International]] ([[democratic socialism]] and [[social democracy]])

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Labourism]]
* [[Social democracy#Development|Marxism]]
** [[Democratic socialism#Overlap with social democracy|Democratic socialism]]
** [[Marxist revisionism]]
*** [[Bernsteinism]]
*** [[Eurocommunism]]
** [[Orthodox Marxism]]
** [[Revolutionary socialism]]
* [[Progressivism]]
** [[Economic progressivism]]
** [[Social progress]]ivism
* [[Reformism]]
** [[Reformist socialism]]
*** [[Ethical socialism]]
*** [[Fabianism]]
*** [[Gradualism#Politics and society|Gradualism]]
*** [[Impossibilism|Immediatism]]
*** [[Lassallism]]
*** [[Liberal socialism]]
*** [[Possibilism (politics)|Possibilism]]
*** [[Utopian socialism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Democratic socialism]]
* [[Social corporatism|Social democratic corporatism]]
** [[Nordic model]]
* [[Social populism|Social democratic populism]]
* [[Shachtmanism#Social democratic Shachtmanism|Social democratic Shachtmanism]]
* [[Democratic transhumanism|Social democratic transhumanism]]
* [[Welfare|Social democratic welfarism]]
* [[Third Way]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
{{main|Criticism of social democracy}}
* [[Criticism of welfare|Anti-welfarism]]
* [[Lemon socialism]]
* [[Social fascism]]

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{main|African socialism|l1=Social democracy in Africa}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Nasserism|Egypt]]
* [[Nkrumaism|Ghana]]
* [[Guinean People's Assembly|Guinea]]
* [[Harambee|Kenya]]
* [[Ujamaa|Tanzania]]
* [[Socialism in Tunisia|Tunisia]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{main|History of socialism#Americas|l1=Social democracy in America}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[African-Caribbean leftism|Caribbean]]
* [[Socialism of the 21st century|Latin America]]
** [[Socialist Party (Argentina)|Argentina]]
** [[Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)|Bolivia]]
** [[History of the socialist movement in Brazil|Brazil]]
** [[Socialist Party of Chile|Chile]]
** [[Patriotic Union (Colombia)|Colombia]]
** [[Figuerism|Costa Rica]]
** [[PAIS Alliance|Ecuador]]
** [[National Regeneration Movement|Mexico]]
** [[Sandinista National Liberation Front|Nicaragua]]
** [[Guasú Front|Paraguay]]
** [[Puerto Rican Independence Party|Puerto Rico]]
** [[Broad Front (Uruguay)|Uruguay]]
** [[For Social Democracy|Venezuela]]
* [[Socialism#North America|North America]]
** [[New Democratic Party|Canada]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{main|History of socialism#Asia|l1=Social democracy in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Awami League|Bangladesh]]
* [[Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang|China]]
* [[Socialism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
* [[Indian National Congress|India]]
* [[Socialism in Iran|Iran]]
* [[Israeli Labor Party|Israel]]
* [[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|Japan]]
* [[Progressivism in South Korea|Korea]]
* [[Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party|Kurdistan]]
* [[National League for Democracy|Myanmar]]
* [[Socialism in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
* [[Akbayan|Philippines]]
* [[Ba'athism|Syria]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|History of socialism#Europe|l1=Social democracy in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Social Democracy and Progress|Andorra]]
* [[Bulgarian Socialist Party|Bulgaria]]
* [[Movement for Social Democracy|Cyprus]]
* [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Denmark]]
* [[Social Democratic Party of Finland|Finland]]
* [[Socialist Party (France)|France]]
* [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Germany]]
* [[Syriza|Greece]]
* [[Social Democratic Alliance|Iceland]]
* [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Ireland]]
* [[Italian Left|Italy]]
* [[Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova|Moldova]]
* [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]]
* [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]]
* [[Social Democracy of Poland|Poland]]
* [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Portugal]]
* [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Romania]]
* [[A Just Russia|Russia]]
* [[Direction – Social Democracy|Slovakia]]
* [[Spanish Socialist Workers Party|Spain]]
* [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Sweden]]
* [[History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
** [[Labour Party (UK)|England]]
*** [[New Labour]]ism
**** [[Blairism]]
***** [[Blatcherism]]
**** [[Brownism]]
**** [[Gaitskellism]]
***** [[Butskellism]]
***** [[Labour revisionism]]
****** [[Anthony Giddens|Third Way]]
** [[Social Democratic and Labour Party|Northern Ireland]]
** [[Scottish Labour Party|Scotland]]
** [[Welsh Labour|Wales]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|History of socialism#Oceania|l1=Social democracy in Oceania}}
* [[Australian Labor Party|Australia]]
* [[National United Party (Vanuatu)|Melanesia]]
* [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]]

== Socialism ==
{{Socialism sidebar}}
{{main|Socialism}}
[[File:Red_star.svg|thumb|alt=symbol of Socialism|Symbol of Socialism]]

; Political internationals
* [[African Socialist International]] ([[African socialism]], [[Pan-Africanism]])
* [[Foro de São Paulo]] ([[democratic socialism]], [[left-wing populism]] and [[socialism of the 21st century]])
* [[Progressive International]] ([[democratic socialism]], [[left-wing populism]], [[progressivism]] and [[social democracy]])
* [[Socialist International]] ([[democratic socialism]] and [[social democracy]])
* [[World Socialist Movement]] ([[anti-Leninism]], [[classical Marxism]], [[impossibilism]] and [[international socialism]])

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Democratic socialism]]
* [[Reformist socialism]]
** [[Fabianism]]
** [[Gradualism#Politics and society|Gradualism]]
** [[Lassallism]]
** [[Impossibilism|Immediatism]]
** [[Marxist revisionism]]
*** [[Bernsteinism]]
*** [[Eurocommunism]]
*** [[Social democracy]]
*** [[Sorelianism]]
** [[Possibilism (politics)|Possibilism]]
* [[Revolutionary socialism]]
** [[Impossibilism]]
** [[Neo-Babouvism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Authoritarian ===
{{main|Authoritarian socialism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}

* [[Barracks socialism]]
** [[Nechayevshchina]]
* [[Blanquism]]
* [[Leninism]]
** [[Democratic centralism]]
** [[Marxism–Leninism]]
*** [[Brezhnevism]]
**** [[Real socialism]]
*** [[Castroism]]
*** [[Ceaușism]]
*** [[Socialism with a human face|Dubčekism]]
*** [[Mikhail Gorbachev#Political ideology|Gorbachevism]]
*** [[Guevarism]]
**** [[Foco|Focalism]]
*** [[Ho Chi Minh Thought]]
*** [[Hoxhaism]]
*** [[Husakism]]
*** [[Juche]]
**** [[Kimilsungism]]
**** [[Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism]]
*** [[Kadarism]]
*** [[Khrushchevism]]
**** [[De-Stalinization]]
*** [[Maoism]]
**** [[Maoism (Third Worldism)|Maoism–Third Worldism]]
***** [[Third Worldism]]
***** [[Third World socialism]]
**** [[Mao-Spontex]]
**** [[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism]]
***** [[Abimael Guzmán|Gonzalo Thought]]
***** [[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path]]
**** [[Khmer Rouge#Ideology|Pol Potism]]
**** [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics]]
***** [[Deng Xiaoping Theory]]
***** [[Mao Zedong Thought]]
***** [[Scientific Outlook on Development]]
***** [[Three Principles of the People]]
***** [[Three Represents]]
***** [[Xi Jinping Thought]]
*** [[Marxist–Leninist atheism]]
*** [[Scientific communism|Scientific socialism]]
*** [[Stalinism]]
**** [[Anti-revisionism]]
**** [[Neo-Stalinism]]
**** [[Socialism in One Country]]
***** [[National communism]]
***** [[Socialist patriotism]]
****** [[Soviet socialist patriotism]]
**** [[Soviet anti-Zionism]]
*** [[Titoism]]
**** [[Đilasism]]
**** [[Rankovićism]]
**** [[Socialist nationalism]]
** [[Trotskyism]]
*** [[Trotskyism|Unorthodox Trotskyism]]
**** [[Pabloism]]
**** [[Posadism]]
**** [[Third camp Trotskyism]]
*** [[Orthodox Trotskyism]]
** [[Vanguardism]]
** [[War communism|War socialism]]
* [[Sergey Nechayev|Nechayevism]]
* [[Pyotr Tkachev|Tkachevism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Libertarian ===
{{Libertarian socialism sidebar}}{{main|Libertarian socialism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarchism]]
** [[Anarcho-communism|Anarcho-Socialism]]
** [[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialism]]
* [[Communards|Communard movement]]
* [[Communalism (Bookchin)|Communalism]]
** [[Democratic confederalism]]
** [[Eco-communalism]]
** [[Libertarian municipalism]]
** [[Social ecology (Bookchin)|Social ecology]]
* [[Left-libertarianism]]
** [[Economic democracy]]
*** [[Councilism|Council democracy]]
*** [[Inclusive democracy]]
*** [[Industrial democracy]]
*** [[Soviet democracy]]
*** [[Workers' self-management]]
*** [[Workplace democracy]]
** [[Free-market anarchism]]
*** [[Left-wing market anarchism#Precedents|Free-market socialism]]
**** [[Laissez-faire socialism]]
**** [[Mutualism (economic theory)|Mutualism]]
**** [[Mutualism (economic theory)#Mutualism today|Neo-mutualism]]
**** [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon#Philosophy|Proudhonian socialism]]
**** [[Lysander Spooner#Political views|Spoonerian socialism]]
**** [[Benjamin Tucker#Political views|Tuckerite socialism]]
** [[Individualist anarchism]]
** [[Libertarian possibilism]]
** [[Parecon]]
** [[Parpolity]]
** [[Social anarchism]]
** [[Left-libertarianism#Steiner–Vallentyne school|Steiner–Vallentyne school]]
* [[Marxism]]
** [[Classical Marxism]]
*** [[Orthodox Marxism]]
**** [[Impossibilism]]
***** [[World Socialist Movement]]
**** [[Kautskyism]]
** [[Libertarian Marxism]]
*** [[Autonomism]]
**** [[Workerism]]
*** [[Left communism]]
**** [[Bordigism]]
**** [[Communization]]
**** [[Council communism]]
***** [[Spartacism]]
**** [[Luxemburgism]]
**** [[Situationist International|Situationism]]
**** [[Socialisme ou Barbarie]]
**** [[Solidarity (UK)|Solidarity]]
**** [[Spontaneism]]
**** [[Ultra-leftism]]
*** [[Mao-Spontex]]
*** [[De Leonism|Marxism–De Leonism]]
*** [[Trotskyism|Unorthodox Trotskyism]]
**** [[Chaulieu-Montal Tendency|Chaulieu–Montal tendency]]
**** [[Johnson–Forest tendency]]
**** [[Third camp]]
***** [[Shachtmanism]]
****** [[Left Shachtmanism]]
*** [[Open Marxism]]
** [[Western Marxism]]
*** [[Austro-Marxism]]
*** [[Demetris Christofias|Christofiasism]]
*** [[Frankfurt School]]
*** [[Freudo-Marxism]]
*** [[Hegelian Marxism]]
*** [[Marxist humanism]]
**** [[Budapest School (Lukács)|Budapest School]]
**** [[Praxis School]]
*** [[Neo-Marxism]]
**** [[Analytical Marxism]]
**** [[Conflict theories]]
***** [[Dependency theory]]
***** [[Social conflict theory]]
***** [[World-systems theory]]
**** [[Freudo–Marxism]]
**** [[Gramscianism]]
***** [[Neo-Gramscianism]]
**** [[Instrumental Marxism]]
**** [[Neue Marx-Lektüre]]
**** [[Political Marxism]]
**** [[Structural Marxism]]
*** [[Post-Marxism]]
**** [[Radical democracy]]
***** [[Abahlali baseMjondolo]]
***** [[Landless Workers' Movement]]
***** [[Piquetero]]s
***** [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|Zapatistas]]
* [[Syndicalism]]
** [[De Leonism]]
** [[Revolutionary syndicalism]]
** [[Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics|Wobblyism]]
* [[Third camp socialism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{labor}}
{{main|Types of socialism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Agrarian socialism]]
* [[African socialism]]
** [[Harambee]]
** [[Nkrumaism]]
** [[Léopold Sédar Senghor|Senghorism]]
** [[Ubuntuism]]
** [[Ujamaa]]
* [[Arab socialism]]
** [[Ba'athism]]
** [[Nasserism]]
** [[Third International Theory]]
* [[Centrist Marxism]]
* [[Communitarianism]]
* [[Copyleft]]
* [[Eco-socialism]]
* [[Economic egalitarianism]]
* [[Economic progressivism]]
* [[Ethical socialism]]
* [[Guild socialism]]
* [[International socialism]]
* [[Kibbutz movement]]
* [[Labourism]]
* [[Liberal socialism]]
* [[Market socialism]]
** [[Lange model|Langian socialism]]
** [[John Stuart Mill#Economic philosophy|Millian socialism]]
** [[Ricardian socialism]]
** [[Smithian socialism]]
** [[Veblenian|Veblenian socialism]]
* [[Democracy in Marxism|Marxist democracy]]
* [[Millennial socialism]]
* [[Municipal socialism]]
* [[Socialism and LGBT rights|Queer socialism]]
* [[Proto-socialism]]
** [[Chartism|Chartists]]
** [[Communards]]
** [[Diggers]]
** [[Jacobins]]
** [[Levellers]]
** [[Radicals (UK)|Radicals]]
* [[Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism]]
* [[Scientific socialism]]
* [[Social egalitarianism]]
* [[Social democracy]]
* [[Socialism of the 21st century]]
* [[Socialist feminism]]
** [[Marxist feminism]]
* [[Socialist nationalism]]
* [[Socialist populism]]
* [[Utopian socialism]]
** [[Fourierism]]
** [[Icarians]]
** [[Owenism]]
** [[Saint-Simonianism]]
* [[World communism|World socialism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Criticism of socialism|Anti-socialism]]

=== Religious variants ===
{{main|Religious socialism}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Buddhist socialism]]
* [[Christian socialism]]
** [[Diggers]]
** [[Christian communism]]
** [[Levellers]]
** [[Liberation theology]]
** [[Proto-socialism]]
** [[Social Gospel]]
* [[Islamic socialism]]
** [[Islamic Marxism]]
* [[Jewish socialism]]
** [[Bundism]]
** [[Kibbutzim]]
* [[Mazdakism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
==== African ====
{{main|African socialism|l1=Socialism in Africa}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[People's Republic of Angola|Angola]]
* [[People's Republic of Benin|Benin]]
* [[People's Republic of the Congo|Congo]]
* [[United Arab Republic|Egypt]]
* [[Derg|Eritrea]]
* [[Derg|Ethiopia]]
* [[Nkrumaism|Ghana]]
* [[Ahmed Sékou Touré|Guinea]]
* [[Harambee|Kenya]]
** [[Kenya People's Union]]
* [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
** [[Third International Theory]]
* [[Democratic Republic of Madagascar|Madagascar]]
* [[Modibo Keïta|Mali]]
* [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Mozambique]]
* [[Senegalese Socialist Party|Senegal]]
* [[Somali Democratic Republic|Somalia]]
* [[African National Congress|South Africa]]
** [[Abahlali baseMjondolo]]
** [[Trotskyism in South Africa|Trotskyism]]
* [[Ujamaa|Tanzania]]
* [[Socialism in Tunisia|Tunisia]]
* [[People's Republic of Zanzibar|Zanzibar]]

{{div col end}}

==== American ====
{{Socialism US}}
{{main|History of socialism#Americas|l1=Socialism in America}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[African-Caribbean leftism|Caribbean]]
** [[People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)|Granada]]
* [[Socialism of the 21st century|Latin America]]
** [[Socialist Party (Argentina)|Argentina]]
** [[Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)|Bolivia]]
*** [[Fejuve]]
** [[History of the socialist movement in Brazil|Brazil]]
*** [[Landless Workers' Movement]]
*** [[Lulism]]
** [[Socialist Party of Chile|Chile]]
** [[Patriotic Union (Colombia)|Colombia]]
** [[Broad Front (Costa Rica)|Costa Rica]]
*** [[Figuerism]]
** [[PAIS Alliance|Ecuador]]
** [[Mexican Revolution|Mexico]]
*** [[Magonism]]
*** [[Zapatismo|Zapatism]]
**** [[Neozapatismo|Neo-Zapatism]]
***** [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|Zapatistas]]
** [[Sandinista National Liberation Front|Nicaragua]]
*** [[Sandinismo]]
** [[Guasú Front|Paraguay]]
** [[Broad Front (Uruguay)|Uruguay]]
** [[United Socialist Party of Venezuela|Venezuela]]
* [[Socialism#North America|North America]]
** [[Socialism in Canada|Canada]]
** [[History of the socialist movement in the United States|United States]]
*** [[African-American leftism]]
*** [[American Left]]
*** [[Sewer socialism]]

{{div col end}}

==== Asian ====
{{main|History of socialism#Asia|l1=Socialism in Asia}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]
* [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenia]]
* [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan]]
* [[Socialism in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
* [[Bukharan People's Soviet Republic|Bukharan]]
* [[Communist Cambodia (disambiguation)|Cambodia]]
** [[Communist Party of Kampuchea|Khmer Rouge]]
** [[Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation|Salvation Front]]
* [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics|China]]
** [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]
** [[Socialism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
** [[Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang|Kuomintang]]
*** [[Tridemism]]
* [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgia]]
* [[Socialism in India|India]]
** [[Gandhian socialism]]
** [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehruism]]
* [[Marhaenism|Indonesia]]
* [[Socialism in Iran|Iran]]
* [[Labor Zionism|Israel]]
* [[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|Japan]]
* [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]]
* [[Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic|Kyrgyzstan]]
* [[Communism in Korea|Korea]]
** [[Workers' Party of Korea|North Korea]]
** [[Progressivism in South Korea|South Korea]]
* [[Lao People's Revolutionary Party|Laos]]
* [[Mongolian People's Republic|Mongolia]]
* [[Burmese Way to Socialism|Myanmar]]
* [[Nepali Congress|Nepal]]
* [[Socialism in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
* [[Democratic Alliance List|Palestine]]
* [[Pakistan Peoples Party|Pakistan]]
* [[Akbayan|Philippines]]
* [[Ba'athism|Syria]]
** [[Democratic confederalism]]
* [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajikistan]]
* [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Turkey]]
* [[Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic|Turkmenistan]]
* [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbekistan]]
* [[Socialist-oriented market economy|Vietnam]]
** [[Trotskyism in Vietnam|Trotskyism]]
* [[Democratic Republic of Yemen|Yemen]]

{{div col end}}

==== European ====
{{main|History of socialism#Europe|l1=Socialism in Europe}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania|Albania]]
* [[Social Democracy and Progress|Andorra]]
* [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia, and Herzegovina]]
* [[People's Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
* [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelarus]]
* [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|Croatia]]
* [[Movement for Social Democracy|Cyprus]]
* [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic|Czechoslovakia]]
* [[Popular socialism|Denmark]]
* [[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic|Estonia]]
** [[Commune of the Working People of Estonia]]
* [[Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic|Finland]]
** [[Left Alliance (Finland)|Left Alliance]]
* [[French Left|France]]
** [[Jacobin (politics)#France|Jacobinism]]
* [[History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany|Germany]]
** [[East Germany]] 
* [[Syriza|Greece]]
* [[Hungarian People's Republic|Hungary]]
* [[Social Democratic Alliance|Iceland]]
* [[Socialism#Ireland|Ireland]]
* [[Italian Socialist Party|Italy]]
* [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvia]]
* [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Lithuania]]
* [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]]
* [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic|Moldova]]
* [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|Montenegro]]
* [[Socialism in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
* [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]]
* [[Polish People's Republic|Poland]]
* [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Portugal]]
* [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]]
** [[National Communism in Romania|Socialist nationalism]]
* [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]]
* [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russia]]
** [[Narodniks]]
** [[Mensheviks]]
** [[Bolsheviks]]
*** [[Centrist Marxism|Centre]]
**** [[Lev Kamenev|Kamenevism]]
**** [[Stalinism]]
**** [[Grigory Zinoviev|Zinovievism]]
*** [[Left Opposition]]
**** [[Trotskyism]]
*** [[Old Bolsheviks]]
**** [[Factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Recallists]]
**** [[Factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Ultimatists]]
*** [[Right Opposition]]
**** [[Nikolai Bukharin|Bukharinism]]
**** [[Viktor Nogin|Noginism]]
**** [[Alexei Rykov|Rykovism]]
**** [[Mikhail Tomsky|Tomskyism]]
** [[Soviet democracy]]
* [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|Serbia]]
* [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia|Slovenia]]
* [[Spanish Socialist Workers Party|Spain]]
* [[Left Party (Sweden)|Sweden]]
* [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]]
** [[Makhnovism]]
* [[History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
** [[Labour Party (UK)|England]]
*** [[Old Labour]]ism
**** [[Bennism]]
**** [[Bevanism]]
**** [[Corbynism]]
** [[New Left#Britain|New Left]]
** [[Trotskyism in the United Kingdom|Trotskyism]]
* [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]

{{div col end}}

==== Oceanian ====
{{main|History of socialism#Oceania|l1=Socialism in Oceania}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Socialism in Australia|Australia]]
* [[Melanesian socialism|Melanesia]]
* [[Socialism in New Zealand|New Zealand]]

{{div col end}}

== Syndicalism ==
{{Syndicalism sidebar}}{{main|Syndicalism}}
; Political internationals
* [[International Confederation of Labor]] ([[anarcho-syndicalism]] and [[revolutionary syndicalism]])
* [[IWA–AIT|International Workers' Association]] ([[anarcho-syndicalism]])

=== General ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anarcho-syndicalism]]
* [[Co-operatism]]
* [[De Leonism]]
* [[Revolutionary syndicalism]]
* [[Sorelianism]]
* [[Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics|Wobblyism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Council communism]]
* [[Democratic socialism]]
* [[Guild socialism]]
* [[Libertarian socialism]]
* [[National syndicalism]]
** [[National syndicalism#France|France]]
** [[National syndicalism#Italy|Italy]]
** [[National syndicalism#Iberian Peninsula|Portugal]]
** [[National syndicalism#Iberian Peninsula|Spain]]
* [[Social anarchism]]
* [[Social democracy]]
* [[Orthodox Marxism]]
* [[Utopian socialism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Opposition ===
* [[Union busting|Anti-unionism]]

=== Regional variants ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Argentine Regional Workers' Federation|Argentina]]
* [[Brazilian Workers Confederation|Brazil]]
* [[Confédération nationale du travail|France]]
* [[Free Workers' Union of Germany|Germany]]
* [[Unione Sindacale Italiana|Italy]]
* [[National Labor Secretariat|Netherlands]]
* [[Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund|Norway]]
* [[Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists|Russia]]
* [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|Spain]]
* [[Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden|Sweden]]
* [[Solidarity Federation|United Kingdom]]
* [[Industrial Workers of the World|United States]]

{{div col end}}

== Transhumanism ==
{{transhumanism}}
{{main|Transhumanist politics}}
; Political internationals
* [[Humanity+]] ([[transhumanist politics]])

=== General ===
{{main|Transhumanism}}
* [[Anarcho-transhumanism]]
* [[Democratic transhumanism]]
* [[Libertarian transhumanism]]

=== Other ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anti-aging movement]]
* [[Extropianism]]
* [[Immortalism]]
* [[Post-genderism]]
* [[Post-politicism]]
* [[Singularitarianism]]
* [[Technogaianism]]
* [[Technological utopianism]]
* [[Techno-progressivism]]

{{div col end}}

=== Regional variants ===
* [[Transhumanist Party|United States]]

== See also ==
{{#invoke:Portal|portal|Politics}}
* [[Direct democracy]]
* [[Ideology]]
* [[List of communist ideologies]]
* [[List of forms of government]]
* [[List of ideologies named after people]]
* [[List of political systems in France]]
* [[Participatory democracy]]
* [[Political international]]
* [[Political party]]
* [[Representative democracy]]
* [[Suffrage]]
** [[Universal suffrage]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{political ideologies}}

[[Category:Political ideologies|*list]]