View source for WGAL

{{Short description|TV station in Lancaster, Pennsylvania}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{original research|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox television station
| callsign = WGAL
| city = Lancaster, Pennsylvania
| logo = WGAL.png
| logo_size = 125px
| branding = {{ubl|WGAL 8; ''News 8''|MeTV Susquehanna Valley (on DT2)}}
| digital = 8 ([[VHF]])
| virtual = 8
| subchannels = 
| affiliations = {{ubl|'''8.1:''' [[NBC]]|''for others, see {{section link||Subchannels}}''}}
| owner = [[Hearst Television]]
| licensee = Hearst Properties Inc.
| location = {{ubl|[[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]]–[[York, Pennsylvania|York]]–[[Harrisburg]]–|[[Lebanon, Pennsylvania]]}}
| country = United States
| airdate = {{start date and age|1949|3|18|p=y}}
| last_airdate = 
| translators = 35 ([[UHF]]) Harrisburg
| callsign_meaning = from WGAL radio (now [[WRKY (AM)|WRKY]])
| sister_stations = 
| former_callsigns = WGAL-TV (1949–1991)
| former_channel_numbers = {{ubl|'''Analog:''' 4 (VHF, 1949–1952), 8 (VHF, 1952–2009)|'''Digital:''' 58 (UHF, 1999–2009)}}
| former_affiliations = {{ubl|'''All secondary:'''|[[CBS]]/[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (1949–1963)|[[DuMont Television Network|DuMont]] (1949–1956)}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.aol.com/jeff99500/1952tv.html |title=Commercial Television Stations of the U. S., 1952 |access-date=June 25, 2006 |archive-date=March 12, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312191827/http://members.aol.com/jeff99500/1952tv.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| erp = 59 [[kW]]
| haat = {{convert|419|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| facility_id = 53930
| coordinates = {{coord|40|2|4|N|76|37|7|W|type:landmark_scale:2000}}
| licensing_authority = [[FCC]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.wgal.com/}}
}}

'''WGAL''' (channel 8) is a [[television station]] licensed to [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]], United States, serving the [[Susquehanna Valley]] region as an affiliate of [[NBC]]. Owned by [[Hearst Television]], the station maintains studios on Columbia Avenue ([[PA 462]]) in [[Lancaster Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster Township]]. Its transmitter is located near [[U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania|US 30]] north of [[Hallam, Pennsylvania|Hallam]].

Largely due to WGAL's licensing, it has been the market leader for most of the time since records have been kept. During the analog era, it was the only commercial VHF station in eastern Pennsylvania licensed outside of Philadelphia.

==History==
The station first signed on the air on March 18, 1949, originally broadcasting on VHF channel 4.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=WGAL-TV |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2R4EAAAAMBAJ&q=steinman+wgal&pg=PA7 |newspaper=Billboard |location=Lancaster, PA |page=7 |date=February 24, 1951 |access-date=May 23, 2016}}</ref> It was the fourth television station in Pennsylvania and the first to sign-on outside of [[Philadelphia]], beating WDTV (now [[KDKA-TV]]) in [[Pittsburgh]] which began operations in November of that year.

It was founded by the Steinman family, owners of WGAL radio (1490 AM, now [[WRKY (AM)|WRKY]], and 101.3 FM, now [[WROZ]]) and Lancaster's two major newspapers, the ''[[Intelligencer Journal]]'' and the ''[[Lancaster New Era]]''. At the time, Lancaster was the smallest city in the country with a television station.{{citation needed|date=February 2008}} The station's first formal program was shown on March 22 to a group of [[RCA]] executives, television dealers, and radio station personnel at the Stevens House Hotel in downtown Lancaster.

WGAL was a major beneficiary of a quirk in the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC)'s plan for allocating stations. In the early days of broadcast television, there were twelve VHF channels available and 69 [[UHF]] channels (later reduced to 55 in 1983). The VHF bands were more desirable because they carried longer distances. Since there were only twelve VHF channels available, there were limitations as to how closely the stations could be spaced.

After the FCC's ''Sixth Report and Order'' ended the license freeze and opened the UHF band in 1952, it devised a plan for allocating VHF licenses. Under this plan, almost all of the country would be able to receive two commercial VHF channels plus one noncommercial channel. Most of the rest of the country ("1/2") would be able to receive a third VHF channel. Other areas would be designated as "UHF islands" since they were too close to larger cities for VHF service. The "2" networks became CBS and NBC, "+1" represented [[non-commercial educational]] stations, and "1/2" became ABC (which was the weakest network usually winding up with the UHF allocation where no VHF was available).

What would become the [[Harrisburg]]–Lancaster–[[Lebanon, Pennsylvania|Lebanon]]–[[York, Pennsylvania|York]] market, however, was sandwiched between Philadelphia (channels [[KYW-TV|3]], [[WPVI-TV|6]], [[WCAU|10]], and [[WHYY-TV|12]]) to the east, [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania|Johnstown]]–[[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]]–[[State College]] (channels [[WJAC-TV|6]] and [[WTAJ-TV|10]]) to the west, [[Scranton]]–[[Wilkes-Barre]] (a UHF island) to the north, and [[Baltimore]] (channels [[WMAR-TV|2]], [[WBAL-TV|11]], and [[WJZ-TV|13]]) and [[Washington, D.C.]] (channels [[WRC-TV|4]], [[WTTG|5]], [[WJLA-TV|7]], and [[WUSA (TV)|9]]) to the south. This created a large "doughnut" in South Central Pennsylvania where there could be only ''one'' VHF license.

In 1952, WGAL increased its power from 1,000 to 7,200 [[watt]]s. On December 31, 1952, the station moved to channel 8 as a requirement by the FCC in order to prevent interference with WRC-TV in Washington.

On January 1, 1954, WGAL presented its first color television broadcast of the [[Tournament of Roses Parade]]. It has always been an NBC affiliate, but also carried some programs from [[CBS]], [[DuMont Television Network|DuMont]] and [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] until 1963 when [[Nielsen Media Research|Nielsen]] collapsed the Lancaster and Harrisburg–York areas into one large [[media market|market]]. The Steinmans also launched [[WDEL-TV]] in [[Wilmington, Delaware]], around the same time as WGAL's launch but sold that station in 1955.

Over the years, the family purchased three more television stations ([[KOAT]] in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], and [[KVOA]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]], both of which were sold to [[Pulitzer, Inc.|Pulitzer Publishing]] in 1969, and WTEV-TV, now [[WLNE-TV]], in [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]]) as well as several radio stations and newspapers. The Steinmans sold off the WGAL radio stations in 1976, but kept WGAL-TV until late 1978, when it sold channel 8 and WTEV to Pulitzer—in the process, earning a handsome return on the original investment they made when they signed on WGAL radio in 1922. The Pulitzer purchase reunited WGAL-TV and WTEV with KOAT (that company spun off KVOA in 1972).

Under Pulitzer's ownership, in 1985, WGAL became the first television station in Pennsylvania to broadcast in stereo, beating much larger stations in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. Although the radio and television stations had gone their separate ways 15 years earlier, channel 8 dropped the "-TV" suffix from its callsign in 1992. Pulitzer sold its entire television division, including WGAL and KOAT, to what was then [[Hearst-Argyle Television]] in 1998.

The station is known for being a community service leader in the market and holds the [[Salvation Army]] Coats For Kids drive and [[telethon]], and airs the [[Children's Miracle Network]] telethon, and the [[Jefferson Awards]]. Anchors and other on-air personalities are active in the community as well.

[[File:West Earl Township PA WGAL sign on PA 272 NB.jpeg|thumb|right|A typical WGAL highway sign, featuring a classic WGAL logo. This sign is found on [[Pennsylvania Route 272|PA 272]] northbound entering [[West Earl Township, Pennsylvania|West Earl Township]].]]
WGAL has also been known for installing numerous signs on area highways. Most of these signs consist of the WGAL logo used from 1969 to 1990, the phrase "Drive Carefully" and the borough or township where the sign is located. Although the logo is no longer used, the signs are still commonplace around the market, and are occasionally updated so as to be more visible to motorists.

On February 14, 2014, a portion of the roof at WGAL's Columbia Avenue studio facility collapsed due to heavy accumulations of snow and ice [[February 2014 North American winter storm|caused by a winter storm that moved through the Eastern United States]] earlier that week. This caused the newsroom on the second floor of the building to be evacuated, followed by the evacuation of the remainder of the station's 100 employees after Lancaster Township Fire Department officials examined the structural stability of the facility. Fire officials determined that a concrete support beam and slab in an adjacent studio that is no longer used by WGAL had shifted and dropped. As a result, with its master control unstaffed, the station went off the air, scuttling plans to broadcast its 5, 5:30 and 6 p.m. newscasts that evening out of a makeshift studio outside the building (the station was able to produce a live newscast that was streamed on its website). Area Comcast systems soon piped in either WGAL's [[Baltimore]] sister station [[WBAL-TV]] or NBC's Philadelphia [[O&O]] [[WCAU]] in order to restore NBC programming, including the [[2014 Winter Olympics]].<ref>[http://lancasteronline.com/lancaster/news/snow-and-ice-collapses-roof-at-wgal/article_fcf12404-95b9-11e3-aba7-0017a43b2370.html Snow and ice collapses roof at WGAL], ''LancasterOnline'', February 14, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://lancasteronline.com/lancaster/news/snow-on-roof-forces-evacuation-at-wgal/article_fcf12404-95b9-11e3-aba7-0017a43b2370.html Snow and ice collapses roof at WGAL, knocks local station off the air], ''LancasterOnline'', February 14, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.wgal.com/news/susquehanna-valley/lancaster/roof-collapses-at-wgals-lancaster-studio/24491112 Roof collapses at WGAL's Lancaster studio], WGAL, February 14, 2014.</ref><ref name=tpn-wgalroofwbalcomcast>{{cite news|last=Arias|first=Jeremy|title=Comcast to substitute WGAL Lancaster with Baltimore affiliate following roof collapse|url=http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2014/02/comcast_to_substitute_wgal_lan.html|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=[[The Patriot-News]]|date=February 14, 2014}}</ref> WGAL staff members were allowed to re-enter its studios on the afternoon of February 15 after a steel column was installed in the room to prop up a sagging roof beam in the affected area of the building, following which the station resumed regular programming.<ref>[http://lancasteronline.com/lancaster/news/after-friday-roof-collapse-wgal-news-to-return-to-the/article_9410958a-967e-11e3-9623-001a4bcf6878.html After Friday roof collapse, WGAL News 8 to return to the air at 6 p.m.], ''[[The Lancaster News]]'', February 15, 2014.</ref>

==News operation==
[[File:WGAL News Truck in Hbg, 2020.jpg|thumb|right|A WGAL 8 News truck on [[City Island (Pennsylvania)|City Island, Harrisburg]] in January 2020.]]

WGAL presently broadcasts 39 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with {{frac|6|1|2}} hours each weekday, {{frac|3|1|2}} hours on Saturdays, and three hours on Sundays). In addition to its main studios, WGAL operates bureaus in Harrisburg (on Market Street) and York (on South George Street a.k.a. [[Interstate 83#Business route|BL I-83]]/[[Susquehanna Trail]]). The station operates the area's only live [[weather radar]] at its transmitter site known as "Super Doppler 8". As the only VHF station in the area, it has been the market leader for many years. This may also have to do with its newspaper roots, as is typical for many long-standing market leaders in the United States.<ref>Nielsen Media Research November 2008 Adults 25-54 Audience share</ref>

As of 2013, WGAL's dominance is primarily in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] and [[York County, Pennsylvania|York]] counties, which contain the majority of the market's population. Starting in 2012, WGAL began experiencing declines in news viewership, the largest occurring in May 2013<ref>[http://lancasteronline.com/article/local/869105_WGAL-still-leads-local-market--but-not-by-as-much.html WGAL still leads local market, but not by as much] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109235922/http://lancasteronline.com/article/local/869105_WGAL-still-leads-local-market--but-not-by-as-much.html |date=January 9, 2014 }}, ''Lancaster Online'', July 7, 2013.</ref> That July, WHTM-TV beat WGAL for the first time at 5 p.m. among adults 25–54. WGAL lost ground in other time periods, including at 6 p.m., and fell to a virtual tie with WHTM at noon.

On September 30, 1995, weekend morning editions of ''News 8 Today'' premiered. In 2010, a 6 a.m. hour of ''News 8 Today'' was added. In February 2010, days before the [[2010 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics]], WGAL began using updated tickers for weather warnings, school closings and breaking news to fit 16:9 screens, preventing [[high-definition television|high definition]] programming from reverting to 4:3 [[standard definition]] when the tickers appeared. Around late October or early November 2010, WGAL's news set was modified with two new flat screen monitors to the left and right of the set, and an additional flat screen monitor was added to the front of the new anchor desk.

On December 13, 2010, starting with its 5 p.m. newscast, WGAL became the first television station in the Harrisburg–Lancaster–Lebanon–York market to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in [[widescreen]] standard definition, and also introduced updated on-screen graphics.<ref>[http://www.wgal.com/news/26119611/detail.html WGAL Makes Widescreen Switch -- What You Need To Know]</ref> Before WGAL's switch to widescreen newscasts, the market was the largest Nielsen television market in which all of its stations did not broadcast their local newscasts in either [[High-definition television|high definition]] or 16:9 widescreen (as of January 2014, the largest market that does not currently have HD or widescreen newscasts is [[Chico, California|Chico]]–[[Redding, California]]). On August 29, 2011, WGAL became the second station in South Central Pennsylvania (behind [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] affiliate [[WPMT]]) to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition.

The news open was modified to include the station's legacy logos, while the set remained unchanged until newscasts returned to Studio B with a new set on February 5, 2012. As of April 14, 2012, with [[WHP-TV]]'s upgrade to HD newscasts, all four major stations in the Susquehanna Valley (WGAL, WPMT, WHP-TV and [[WHTM-TV]]) now air their local newscasts in HD; however, unlike the other three, WGAL airs only in-studio segments in the format (its field video continues to be presented in enhanced definition widescreen). On February 4, 2013, WGAL debuted a nightly half-hour 10&nbsp;p.m. newscast on its then This TV (now MeTV) affiliated second digital sub channel.

On August 22, 2016, WGAL debuted an hour long newscast at 4 p.m. This coincided with the cancellation of ''[[The Meredith Vieira Show]]''.

===Former on-air staff===
* [[Bill Kuster]] – weather anchor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastpioneers.com/billkuster.html|title=Bill Kuster|publisher=Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia|access-date=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Marijane Landis]] – producer, host and children's show creator<ref name=pennlive>{{cite news|first=Rachel|last=Bunn |title=Central Pa. TV pioneer Marijane Landis dies |url=http://www.pennlive.com/news/2015/12/central_pa_tv_pioneer_marijane.html |work=[[Pennlive.com]] |date=December 26, 2015 |access-date=January 20, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Wendall Woodbury]] – anchor, host and reporter (1968–1992; deceased)<ref name=wgal>{{cite news|title=Former WGAL Personality, Wendall Woodbury, Passes Away|url=http://www.wgal.com/news/25454254/detail.html|work=[[WGAL-TV]]|date=October 20, 2010|access-date=October 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717050621/http://www.wgal.com/news/25454254/detail.html|archive-date=July 17, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Technical information==
===Subchannels===
The station's signal is [[Multiplex (TV)|multiplexed]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Subchannels of WGAL<ref name=rei>{{cite web|title=Digital TV Market Listing for WGAL|url=http://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=WGAL#station|website=RabbitEars.Info|access-date=March 25, 2023}}</ref>
! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]]
! [[Display resolution|Res.]]
! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]]
! Short name
! Programming
|-
! scope = "row" | 8.1 
| [[1080i]] || rowspan=7| [[16:9]] || WGAL-TV || [[NBC]]
|-
! scope = "row" | 8.2 
| rowspan=6|[[480i]] || WGAL-Dt || [[MeTV]]
|-
! scope = "row" | 8.4 
| STORY || [[Story Television]]
|-
! scope = "row" | 8.5 
| ION+ || [[Ion Plus]]<ref name="ionplus">{{Cite web|url=https://thedesk.net/news/scripps-ion-plus-broadcast-tv/|title=Scripps replacing Defy TV with Ion Plus on broadcast TV|first=Matthew|last=Keys|website=TheDesk.net|date=June 28, 2024|accessdate=June 28, 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope = "row" | 8.6 
| QVC || [[QVC]]
|- style="background-color: #f2d1de;"
! scope = "row" | 8.7 
| HSN || [[HSN]] [[File:4 rounded rect pink.svg|14px|alt=MPEG-4 video|link=MPEG-4 Part 2]]
|-
! scope = "row" | 8.8
| NOSEY || Nosey
|}
{{legend|#f2d1de|Subchannel broadcast with [[MPEG-4 Part 2|MPEG-4 video]]}}

On January 1, 2009, WGAL began carrying [[This TV]] on [[digital subchannel]] 8.2.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lancasteronline.com/features/entertainment/garden-spot-grad-moonlights-on-big-screen/article_96bfaea0-dd8a-5c56-975a-3ed645aaf55b.html?mode=jqm |title=Garden Spot grad moonlights on big screen |publisher=Lancaster Online |first=Eric |last=Stark |date=December 28, 2008 |access-date=January 2, 2014}}</ref> On December 29, 2014, it switched to [[MeTV]], which was previously a subchannel of [[WGCB-TV]].<ref>{{cite web|title=WGAL adds classic TV network, MeTV, to channel 8.2|url=http://www.wgal.com/entertainment/wgal-adds-classic-tv-network-metv-to-channel-82/29904932|website=wgal.com/|date=December 2014 |access-date=December 27, 2014}}</ref>

===Analog-to-digital conversion===
WGAL discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over [[VHF]] channel 8, on June 12, 2009, as part of the [[Digital television transition in the United States|federally mandated transition from analog to digital television]].<ref name="Analog to Digital">[http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf List of Digital Full-Power Stations]</ref> The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition [[UHF]] channel 58, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its analog-era VHF channel 8 for its post-transition operations.<ref name="FCCForm387">[http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/forms/prod/cdbsmenu.hts?context=25&appn=101256508&formid=387&fac_num=53930 FCC DTV status report for WGAL]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wgal.com/technology/18655828/detail.html | title=York, Lancaster and Harrisburg PA News, Weather and Sports - WGAL Channel 8 }}</ref>

===Translator===
*'''{{FCC-LMS-Facility|53930|3=WGAL (DRT)}}''' 35 [[Harrisburg]]

==Out-of-market cable coverage==
WGAL is carried on cable providers far outside of the Harrisburg–Lancaster–Lebanon–York market including [[Fulton County, Pennsylvania|Fulton County]] (to the west), parts of [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester]] and [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks]] counties (to the east), [[Northumberland County, Pennsylvania|Northumberland County]] (to the north), and [[Cecil County, Maryland|Cecil]] and [[Harford County, Maryland|Harford]] counties in [[Maryland]] (to the south).<ref>Comcast (Fulton/Chester/Berks), Service Electric (Northumberland), Armstrong (Cecil), Clearview Cable (Harford)</ref> In September 2017, Comcast began the practice of [[blackout (broadcasting)|blacking out]] all NBC network programming on WGAL in the Philadelphia market claiming they are complying with a request from WCAU (which is in fact also owned by Comcast through its [[NBCUniversal]] subsidiary).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*[https://www.wgal.com/ Official website]

{{Harrisburg/Lancaster/York TV}}
{{NBC Pennsylvania}}
{{Hearst-Argyle}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wgal}}
[[Category:1949 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Ion Plus affiliates]]
[[Category:Hearst Television]]
[[Category:MeTV affiliates]]
[[Category:NBC affiliates]]
[[Category:Story Television affiliates]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1949]]
[[Category:Television stations in the Susquehanna Valley|GAL]]