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<!-- This article uses British English with Oxford Spelling. Please use this when editing the article. -->
:''For other uses, see [[Dream (disambiguation)]] and [[Dreams (disambiguation)]].
{{expertVerify|July 2006}}
A '''dream''' is the experience of envisioned images, sounds, or other sensations during [[sleep]]. The events of dreams are often impossible or unlikely to occur in physical reality, and are usually outside the control of the dreamer. The exception is [[lucid dreaming]], in which a dreamer realizes that he is dreaming, and is sometimes even capable of changing the [[oneirology|oneiric]] reality around him or her and controlling various aspects of the dream, in which the [[suspension of disbelief]] is broken.<ref>[http://www.psywww.com/asc/obe/faq/obe15.html What are lucid dreams?] Explanation for lucid dreaming</ref> Dreamers may experience strong emotions while dreaming. Frightening or upsetting dreams are referred to as [[nightmare]]s. The discipline of dream research is [[oneirology]].


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==History==

Dreams have a long history both as a subject of conjecture and as a source of inspiration. Throughout their history, people have sought [[Dream interpretation|meaning in dreams]]. They have been described [[physiology|physiologically]] as a response to neural processes during sleep, [[psychology|psychologically]] as reflections of the [[subconscious]], and [[spirituality|spiritually]] as messages from [[God]] or predictions of the future. [[Oneiromancy]] deals with the use of dreams for [[divination]].

In the past, dreams were thought to be part of a spiritual world, and were seen as messages from the [[deity|gods]]. Likewise, the [[Torah]] (known in Christianity as the first five books of the [[Old Testament]]) and [[The Holy Qur'an]] both tell the same story of [[Joseph (Hebrew Bible)|Joseph]], who was given the power to interpret dreams and act accordingly.

The belief that dreams were part of a spiritual world continued into the Early [[Middle Ages]]. A story from [[Nevers]], which is reproduced in the ''[[Golden Legend]]'', states that one night the Emperor [[Charlemagne]] dreamed that he was saved from being killed by a [[wild boar]] during a [[hunt]] by the appearance of a child, who had promised to save the emperor from death if he would give him clothes to cover his nakedness. The [[bishop]] of Nevers interpreted this dream to mean that he wanted the emperor to repair the roof of the [[cathedral]] dedicated to the boy-saint [[Saint Quiricus and Saint Julitta|Saint Cyricus]].

Some people believe that a human soul temporarily leaves its body during the dream-state, wandering in other worlds and meeting other souls, including those of the dead. These nocturnal journeys have provided a great deal of material for myth-making. In North America and Southeast Asia such voyages are thought to expose an errant soul to the danger of abduction by a sorcerer or malevolent spirit; when this happens, local shamans are customarily employed to search for and retrieve the lost soul.” <ref>(Willis, p.33)</ref>

By the late 1800s, Sigmund Freud theorized that dreams were a reflection of human desires and were prompted by external stimuli.

==Understanding dreams==
===The expectation fulfilment theory of dreams===
Psychologist Joe Griffin, one of the founders of [[human givens]] psychology, has proposed the expectation fulfilment theory of dreaming. On the basis of a twelve-year study, Griffin claims that dreams are expressed in the form of sensory metaphors.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Griffin
| first = J.
| year = 1997
| title = The Origin of Dreams: How and why we evolved to dream
| publisher = The Therapist Ltd
}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book
| last = Griffin
| first = J.
= Tyrrell, I.
| year = 2004
| title = Dreaming Reality: How dreaming keeps us sane or can drive us mad
| publisher HG Publishing
}}</ref> In a ''New Scientist'' interview, Griffin stated that "...ordinarily dream sleep does a great housekeeping job for us[,] bring[ing] down our autonomic arousal level." Griffin's expectation fulfilment theory of dreams states that dreams are metaphorical translations of waking expectations. Expectations which cause emotional arousal that is not acted upon during the day to quell the arousal, become dreams during sleep. Finally, he holds that dreaming deactivates that emotional arousal by completing the expectation pattern metaphorically, freeing the brain to respond afresh to each new day.<ref>(''New Scientist,'' April 12 pp. 44-47)</ref>

[[Michel Jouvet]]'s research has suggested that instinctive behaviours are programmed during the [[Rapid eye movement|REM]] state in the fetus and the neonate. This is actually necessarily in the form of incomplete templates for which the dreamer later identifies analogous sensory components in reality. These analogical templates give dreamers the ability to respond to the environment in a flexible way and generate the ability to learn, rather than simply react.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Jouvet
| first = M.
| year = 1978
| title = Does a genetic programming of the brain occur during paradoxical sleep? Cerebral Corrlates of Conscious Experience
| publisher = Elsevier
}}</ref>

===Using dreams in therapy===
The expectation fulfillment theory of dreams has introduced a more practical way of using dream metaphors in therapy. [[Human givens]] therapists know that dream metaphors that clients bring to therapy have therapeutic value because they can often grasp through the metaphor what is worrying their patient. They can then help clients to see more objectively what is troubling them. Depressed humans dream more intensely than nondepressed humans, and the expectation fulfillment theory explains why Griffin also proposed that [[hypnosis]] is most usefully defined as a direct route to activating the R.E.M. state, and that all hypnotic phenomena can be explained with this insight. Since trance and suggestion play such an important role in psychotherapy, this fact is of great significance to psychotherapists and counsellors.

[[Embodied Imagination]] is a therapeutic and creative form of working with dreams and memories pioneered by [[Robert Bosnak]]. It is based on principles first developed by [[Carl Jung]], and on the work of [[James Hillman]], who focused on the [[soul]] as a simultaneous multiplicity of autonomous states. From the point of view of the dreaming state of mind, dreams are real events in real environments. Based on this notion, one can “reenter” the landscape of a dream and flash-back to the images, whether it is a memory from waking life or from dreaming. One enters a [[hypnagogic]] state, then, through the process of questioning, images are explored through the perspective of feelings and sensations manifested in the body, enabling new awareness to develop.

===Paranormal interpretations of dreams===

[[Oneiromancy]], prediction of the future through the interpretation of dreams, holds great credence in ancient [[Judeo-Christianity]]: in the [[Tanakh]], [[Jacob]], [[Joseph (Hebrew Bible)|Joseph]] and [[Daniel]] are given the ability to interpret dreams by [[Yahweh]]; in the [[New Testament]], divine inspiration comes as a dream to [[Saint Joseph]], the husband of [[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Mary]], when the [[Angel Gabriel]] spoke to him in a dream and told him that the baby Mary was carrying was the [[Jesus|Son of God]]. After the visit of the [[Magi|Three Wise Men]] to them in [[Bethlehem]], an [[angel]] appeared to him and told him to take Mary and [[Jesus]] to [[Egypt]] for their safety. The angel appeared again in a dream to tell him when it was safe to return to [[Israel]]. The story of [[Saint Patrick]] and his conversion of the people of [[Ireland]] also features dreaming. When Patrick was enslaved in [[County Antrim|Antrim]] he was told by [[God]] in a dream that there was a boat waiting in [[Wicklow]] to bring him back to his homeland.
In [[Islam]], good dreams are considered to be from [[God]] and bad dreams from [[Satan]] [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503546124].

[[Western world|Western]] [[philosopher]]s of a [[scepticism|sceptical]] bent (notably [[René Descartes]], although he was in fact attempting to disprove scepticism in his meditations) have pointed out that dream experiences are indistinguishable from "real" events from the viewpoint of the dreamer, and so no objective basis exists for determining whether one is dreaming or awake at any given instant. One must, they argue, accept the reality of the waking world on the basis of faith.
[[Scientific evidence]] on [[lucid dreaming]] provides a counter-argument to this theory as in the 1980s lucid dreamers were able to demonstrate to researchers that they were consciously aware of being in a dream state by using [[eye movement]] signals[http://web.archive.org/web/20050213195023/http://www.stanford.edu/~mgoldens/lab/psyphy_lucidity.html][http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/Articles/si91ld.html].

===Psychodynamic interpretation of dreams===
{{main|Dream interpretation}}

Both [[Sigmund Freud]] and [[Carl Jung]] identify dreams as an interaction between the [[Unconscious mind|unconscious]] and the [[conscious]]. They also assert together that the unconscious is the dominant force of the dream, and in dreams it conveys its own mental activity to the perceptive faculty. While Freud felt that there was an active censorship against the unconscious even during sleep, [[Jung]] argued that the dream's bizarre quality is an efficient language, comparable to poetry and uniquely capable of ''revealing'' the underlying meaning.
[[Fritz Perls]] presented his theory of dreams following the holistic nature of gestalt therapy. Dreams are seen as being projections of parts of oneself. Often these are parts that have been ignored, rejected or even suppressed. One aim of gestalt dream analysis is to accept and reintegrate these. According to Perls, the dream needs to be accepted in its own right - not broken down and analysed out of existence.

===Neurology of dreams===

There is no universally agreed-upon biological definition of dreaming. General observation shows that dreams are associated with [[REM sleep]], but the evidence for this is not strong. REM sleep is the state of sleep in which brain activity is most like wakefulness, which is why many researchers believe this is when dreams are strongest, although it could also mean that this is a state from which dreams are most easily remembered. During a typical life-span, a human spends a total of about six years dreaming<ref>{{cite book
| year = 2006
| title = How Dream Works
| url = http://science.howstuffworks.com/dream4.htm
| accessdate = 2006-05-04
}}</ref> (which is about 2 hours each night<ref>{{cite book
| year = 2006
| title = Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep
| url = http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm
| accessdate = 2006-05-04
}}</ref>). It is unknown where in the [[brain]] dreams originate &mdash; if there is such a single location &mdash; or why dreams occur at all.

[[Eugen Tarnow]] suggests that dreams are ever-present excitations of [[long term memory]], even during waking life. The strangeness of dreams is due to the format of long-term memory, reminiscent of Penfield & Rasmussen’s findings that electrical excitations of the [[Cerebral cortex|cortex]] give rise to experiences similar to dreams. During waking life an executive function interprets long term memory consistent with reality checking. Tarnow's theory is a reworking of Freud's theory of dreams in which Freud's Unconscious is replaced with the [[long term memory]] system and Freud's “Dream Work” describes the structure of [[long term memory]].<ref>{{cite book
| last = Tarnow
| first = Eugen
| year = 2003
| title = How Dreams And Memory May Be Related
| publisher = NEURO-PSYCHOANALYSIS
| edition = 5(2)
}}</ref>

The [[activation synthesis theory]] developed by [[Allan Hobson]] and [[Robert McCarley]] asserts that the sensory experiences are fabricated by the cortex as a means of interpreting random signals from the pons. They propose that in REM sleep, the ascending cholinergic PGO (ponto-geniculo-occipital) waves stimulate higher midbrain and forebrain cortical structures, producing rapid eye movements. The activated forebrain then synthesizes the dream out of this internally generated information. They assume that the same structures that induce REM sleep also generate sensory information.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Hobson
| first = J.A.
| coauthors = McCarley, R.
| year = 1977
| title = The brain as a dream state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process
| publisher = American Journal of Psychiatry
| edition = 134
| pages = 1335-1348
}}</ref> Memory, attention and the other features lacking in the dream state are taken to depend on the neurotransmitters, [[norepinephrine]] and [[serotonin]], which are present in reduced concentrations during REM sleep. This chemical change is hypothesized to produce a [[psychosis|psychotic state]], as well as a lack of orientation. On the other hand, research by [[Mark Solms]] suggests that dreams are generated in the [[forebrain]], and that R.E.M. sleep and dreaming are not directly related.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Solms
| first = M.
| year = 2000
| title = Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms
| publisher = Behavioral and Brain Sciences
| edition = 23(6)
| pages = 793-1121
}}</ref>

Combining Hobson's activation synthesis hypothesis with Solms's findings, the continual-activation theory of dreaming presented by Jie Zhang proposes that dreaming is a result of brain activation and synthesis; at the same time, dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms. Zhang hypothesizes that the function of sleep is to process, encode and transfer the data from the temporary memory to the long-term memory, though there is not much evidence backing up this so-called "consolidation". NREM sleep processes the conscious-related memory (declarative memory), and REM sleep processes the unconscious related memory (procedural memory).

Zhang assumes that during REM sleep, the unconscious part of a brain is busy to process the procedural memory; meanwhile, the level of activation in the conscious part of brain will descend to a very low level as the inputs from the sensory are basically disconnected. This will trigger the "continual-activation" mechanism to generate a data stream from the memory stores to flow through the conscious part of brain. Zhang suggests that this pulse-like brain activation is the inducer of each dream. He proposes that, with the involvement of brain associative thinking system, dreaming is, thereafter, self-maintained with the dreamer's own thinking until the next pulse of memory insertion. This explains why dreams have both characteristics of continuity (within a dream) and sudden changes (between two dreams).<ref>{{cite book
| last = Zhang
| first = Jie
| year = 2004
| title = Memory process and the function of sleep
| publisher = Journal of Theoretics
| edition = 6-6
| url = http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/Articles/6-6/Zhang.pdf
| accessdate = 2006-03-13
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Zhang
| first = Jie
| year = 2005
| title = Continual-activation theory of dreaming, Dynamical Psychology
| url = http://www.goertzel.org/dynapsyc/2005/ZhangDreams.htm
| accessdate = 2006-03-13
}}</ref>

==Other==
===Dreams of absent-minded transgression===
Dreams of absent-minded transgression (DAMT) are dreams wherein the dreamer absentmindedly performs an action that he or she has been trying to stop (one classic example is of a quitting smoker having dreams of lighting a cigarette). Subjects who have had DAMT have reported awaking with intense feelings of guilt. Some studies have shown that DAMT are positively related with successfully stopping the behaviour, when compared to control subjects who did not experience these dreams.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1757662&dopt=Abstract
| title = Dream of absent-minded transgression: an empirical study of a cognitive withdrawal symptom
| accessdate = 25 Feb
| accessyear = 2006
| author = Hajek P, Belcher M.
| publisher = Journal of Abnormal Psychology
| year = 1991
}}</ref>

===Dreaming as a skeptical argument===
{{main|dream argument}}
While one dreams a non-lucid dream, one will not realize one is dreaming. This has led philosophers to the idea that one could be dreaming right now (or at least one cannot be certain that they are not dreaming). First formally introduced by [[Descartes]] in [[Meditations on First Philosophy]], the dream argument has become one of the most popular [[skeptical hypothesis|skeptical hypotheses]].

===Recalling dreams===
According to Craig Hamilton-Parker, [http://www.psychics.co.uk] author of ''Fantasy Dreaming'', many humans find certain dreams extremely difficult to recall. According to David Koulack in "To Catch A Dream," researchers refer to these types of dreams as "no content dream reports." It is thought that such dreams are characterized by relatively little [[affect (psychology)|affect]]. According to Koulack, factors such as salience, arousal and interference play a role in dream recall and dream recall failure. According to Henry Reed, author of ''Dream Medicine'', a useful technique to improve dream recall is to keep a [[dream journal]]. [[Stephen LaBerge]], author of ''Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming'', also suggests that one must lie perfectly still upon awaking from a dream, not letting concerns of the day occupy the mind. It is quite common to not remember much of what has just been dreamed, but LaBerge maintains that with sufficient concentration, the entire dream may be recalled.

===Déjà vu===
{{main|Déjà vu}}
The theory of déjà vu dealing with dreams indicates that the feeling of having previously seen or experienced something could be attributed to having dreamed about a similar situation or place, and forgetting about it until one seems to be mysteriously reminded of the situation or place while awake.

===[[Dream incorporation]]===
In one use of the term, "dream incorporation" is a phenomenon whereby an external stimulus, usually an auditory one, becomes a part of a dream, eventually then awakening the dreamer. There is a famous painting by [[Salvador Dali]] that depicts this concept, entitled "[[Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening]]" (1944).

The term "dream incorporation" is also used in research examining the degree to which preceding daytime events become elements of dreams. Recent studies suggest that events in the day immediately preceding, and those about a week before, have the most influence [http://www.asdreams.org/2003/abstracts/genevieve_alain.htm].

==The Purpose of Dreams==
{{essay-entry}}
Many humans hold different views on the purpose of dreams. Some believe dreams serve no purpose at all, while others believe they can help humans understand their subconscious thought processes to overcome psychological difficulties. [[Carl Jung]], for instance, believed that dreams help us compensate for the parts in our “total personality” that are underdeveloped in our waking life. This was proved otherwise by Calvin Hall’s two week dream series from students and ranging age groups’ dream journals showing that our psyche in dreams is the same as our conscious behavior.

There is a very popular theory that dreams help us solve problems we are currently dealing with in our lives, especially psychological problems. For this reason some humans consult a [[dream dictionary]] and psychologists may question a patient about their dreams. However it is interesting to note that this may not be helpful even if you are trying to discover some intrinsic meaning to your remembered dreams. It’s been found that dreams relate with age, sex, strain, and preoccupations, thus, given a large amount of dreams over a series of decades and you can get a profile of a human’s mind that is “almost as individualized and accurate as its fingerprints.” However, evidence also leads against this as, though a dream may reflect upon a problem you are having (and you may even come to a solution once you’ve woken and thought about it), they almost never present a plausible solution during the dream sequence.

Another theory is that dreams are a remnant of our evolutionary past where they have served as a mental training ground for the daily life and death struggles. And yet, David Foulkes claims dreams are a “cognitive achievement,” or that we actually develop the ability to dream. Also, the amount of time spent dreaming while asleep, for any given species, is directly related to the degree of safety from predators. “The more dangerous life is, the less a species can afford to dream.” Dr. Ramon Greenberg and Dr. Chester Pearlman add that dreaming sleep “appears in species that show increasing abilities to assimilate unusual information in to the nervous system.”

There is also a theory that dreams serve an important role in brain development. Infant humans, who sleep sixteen to eightteen hours a day, will spend 50% of this time dreaming. It is thought that providing a internal source of “intense stimulation” helps the maturation of the human’s nervous system as well as preparing it to cope with the external stimulations it will have to face in its future. While this would suggest that we would no longer need to dream as adults it is also believe that dreaming changes functions to become a learning and memorizing tool, a kind of “housekeeping.”

Related is another belief that dreaming is a kind of “clearing out the software” or simply cleaning the day’s
accumulation of psychological stress, though, very little that we dream about has to do with our daily lives. There is the “day residue,” the tiny bit leftover from our waking moments first described by Freud. Otherwise, our dreams often have little base in reality.

This leads to another theory that dreams are simply a made up story that have no purpose, physiologically or psychologically. Simply because humans have the propensity to think does not mean that all our thoughts have functions. In fact, the average human only remembers about 1% of the four to six dreams he or she has per sleep period. Dr. Allan Hobson and Dr. Robert McCarely agree that dreams are simple, meaningless biological mechanisms and nothing more. They believe that dreaming is caused by a “dream state generator” in the brain stem where neurons are activated by random impulses, producing equally random sensory output within the nervous system. The forebrain then takes this information and produces the dream in an attempt to rationalize the meaningless. Hobson also theorizes that dreaming is simply a mechanism to stimulate the neural circuits which must somehow be necessary to normal conscious brain functioning.

In ''[[The Dragons of Eden]]'', [[Carl Sagan]] speculates that dreams serve the function of weakening incidental neural pathways that develop as a byproduct of normal brain activity and supports this by noting clinical trials which have shown that humans who sleep eight hours a night but are experimentally prevented from entering a REM state will begin to hallucinate after five days. According to this hypothesis dreams have little subjective significance or meaning; they are neurological waste products. Sagan notes that dreaming appears to be a necessity among animals whose cerebral cortices exceed a given level of complexity: all mammals except [[monotremes]] experience REM sleep. He concludes that dreaming must serve an important survival function because sleeping and dreaming are vulnerable states and natural selection would have eliminated the process if it did not provide compensating benefits!

==See also==
*[[Circadian rhythm]]
*[[Daydream]]
*[[Dream art]]
*[[Dream dictionary]]
*[[Dream interpretation]]
*[[Dreams (1990 film)]]
*[[Dream Thin]]
*[[Dreamwork]]
*[[Dream world (universe)]]
*[[Dream yoga in Tibetan Buddhist Dzogchen tradition]]
*[[Hallucination]]
*[[Hypnogogia]]
*[[List of dream diaries]]
*[[Lucid dreaming]]
*[[Nightmare]]
*[[Nocturnal emission]]
*[[Oneirology]]
*[[Premonition]]
*[[Reality in Buddhism]]
*[[Simulated reality]]
*[[Sleep]]

==References==
===Cited===
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
<references/>

===General===
*Crick, F. & Mitchinson, G. (1983) The function of dream sleep. ''Nature'' '''304''', 111-114.
*Tarnow, E. (2003) How Dreams And Memory May Be Related. ''Neuro-Psychoanalysis '''5(2)''', 177-182 and also [http://cogprints.org/2068/]

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/#1/ The Epistemology of Descartes (fulltext)] Classic philosophy on the difference between the real and the dream world
*[http://msnbc.msn.com/id/5569228/site/newsweek/ Newsweek Article exploring dreams]
*[http://www.asdreams.org The International Association for the Study of Dreams] Research About Dreams and Dreaming.
*[http://humanform.info/htm/intelligent.htm Dreams in the quantum physics universe]
*[http://psych.ucsc.edu/dreams/Library/domhoff_2004b.html] Dreams: The Case Against Problem Solving
*[http://www.meaningofaDream.com] The Meaning of Dreams
*[http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/biology/b103/f02/web2/edamore.html] Dreams
*[http://psych.ucsc.edu/dreams/Library/purpose.html] Dreams: The Purpose Of Dreams
*[http://www.physicsforums.com/archive/index.php/t-41620.html] Purpose of Dreams Text - Physics Forums Library
*[http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061014070111AAuzdDt]What is the purpose of dreams

==Further reading==
*[[Shriram Sharma Acharya|Acharya, Pt. Shriram Sharma]], [http://www.awgp.org/books/english/sleep_dreams_spiritual.pdf ''Sleep, Dreams and Spiritual Reflections''], pdf file, 2000
*[[Artemidorus]], ''The Oneirocritica of Artemidorus'', University Microfilms, [[New Haven]] (1971).
*[[Gerolamo Cardano]], ''Sul sonno e sul sognare '', Marsilio, [[Venezia]] (1989).
*[[Carlos Castaneda]], ''The Art of Dreaming'', Rayo, (1994).
*[[Sigmund Freud]], ''[[The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', Avon, (1980).
*[[Jayne Gackenbach]], [[Stephen LaBerge]], ''Conscious Mind, Sleeping Brain: Perspectives on Lucid Dreaming'', Plenum Publishing Corporation, [[New York]] (1988).
*[[Patricia L Garfield]], ''Creative Dreaming'' (1974) ISBN 0-671-21903-0
*[[Clara E. Hill]], ''Working with Dreams in Psychotherapy'' (1996) ISBN 1-57230-092-2
*[[Carl Jung]], ''Dreams'', [[Princeton University Press]], [[Princeton, New Jersey]] (1974).
*[[Will Phillips]], ''Every Dreamer's Handbook: A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Benefiting From Your Dreams'', ISBN 1-57566-048-2, [[Kensington, NY 1996]], Totonada Press 1994
*[[Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche]], ''Dream Yoga and the Practice of Natural Light'', Snow Lion Publications, [[Ithaca, New York]] (1992).
*[[Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche]], ''The Tibetan Yogas of Dream and Sleep'', Snow Lion Publications, [[Ithaca, New York]] (1998).
*[[Robert L. Van de Castle]], ''Our Dreaming Mind'', [[Ballantine Books]], [[New York]], (1994).

[[Category:Dreaming]]
[[Category:Personal life]]
[[Category:Psychotherapy]]
[[Category:Symbols]]

[[ar:حلم]]
[[ca:Somni]]
[[cs:Sen]]
[[da:Drøm]]
[[de:Traum]]
[[et:Unenägu]]
[[es:Ensueño]]
[[eo:Sonĝo]]
[[fr:Rêve]]
[[gl:Soño]]
[[io:Revo]]
[[id:Mimpi]]
[[is:Draumur]]
[[it:Sogno]]
[[he:חלום]]
[[nl:Droom]]
[[ja:夢]]
[[no:Drøm]]
[[pl:Marzenia senne]]
[[pt:Sonho]]
[[ru:Сновидение]]
[[sq:Ëndërra]]
[[simple:Dream]]
[[sr:Сан]]
[[fi:Uni]]
[[sv:Dröm]]
[[th:ความฝัน]]
[[tr:Rüya]]
[[ur:خواب]]
[[yi:חלום]]
[[zh:夢]]

Revision as of 16:00, 17 January 2007

Nick Cote likes man penis inside his asshole all ngiht long while drinking man juice

nick cote is the third biggest douche in the world next to JOhn Edwards and MR karras. EAT MY SHIT HOLE NICK COTE. i want your mom to ATM my cock.

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