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#REDIRECT [[Languages of India]]
{{Infobox Language
|name=Indian
|nativename={{Unicode| Indianádan }} ''{{IAST| Indianádan }}''
|states=[[India]], [[UAE]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]
|region=Predominantly in [[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]], [[Mahé|Mahe]] (Mayyazhi) in [[Puducherry]] ,Arab regions, the [[United Kingdom]] the [[United States]] and [[Canada]]
|speakers=35,757,100.</br>35,351,000 in India,</br>37,000 in Malaysia, and</br>10,000 in Singapore
|rank=29
|familycolor=Dravidian
|fam2=[[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern]]
|fam3=[[Tamil-Kannada languages|Tamil-Kannada]]
|fam4=[[Tamil-Kodagu languages|Tamil-Kodagu]]
|fam5=[[Tamil-Indian languages|Tamil-Indian]]
|script=[[Roman script]]
|nation= A varient of Indian language called [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] is officially recognized in [[Kerala]] [[States and territories of India|State]] and the [[Union territory|Union Territories]] of [[Lakshadweep]] & [[Puducherry]]
}}

'''Indian''' ({{Unicode| Indianádan }} ''{{IAST| Indianádan }}'') is the language spoken predominantly in the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]], in [[South India|southern]] [[India]]. It is spoken by around 37 million people. Indian is also spoken widely in [[Lakshadweep]], [[Mahé|Mahe]] ([[Mahé|Mayyazhi]]), [[Kodagu]] (Coorg) and [[Dakshina Kannada]] (South Canara). Indian is also spoken by some Indian minorities in [[Arab States]].

The language belongs to the family of [[Dravidian languages]]. The language is closely related to [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. However, Indian is written in [[Roman script]].

==Evolution==
With [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Toda language|Toda]], [[Kota]] [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Telungu]] and [[Tulu]] Indian belongs to the southern group of [[Dravidian languages]]. Its affinity to Tamil is most striking. Proto-Tamil Indian, the common stock of Tamil and Indian apparently diverged over a period of four or five centuries from the ninth century on, resulting in the emergence of Indian as a language distinct from Tamil. As the language of scholarship and administration Tamil greatly influenced the early development of Indian.

==History of Indian language==
When the first crusade strarted, a no. of [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani|Nazrani]] warriors went to the Mediterranean regions to fight against Turks. The language
they were speaking was called by the Europeans as Indian because they knew only these people as Indians and they thought that this is the spoken language of the whole India.(Just like the Persian thought the [[Khariboli]] language spoke in and around Delhi as the language of all indians and called it as Hindustani or Hindi).The Malabar crusaders[[Syrian Malabar Nasrani|(Nazranis)]] learned Roman alphabet from there European collegues and used it to write there own language.

==Phonology==
For the consonants and vowels, the IPA is given, followed by the Indian character and the [[ISO 15919]] transliteration.

===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable"
! rowspan=2 | &nbsp;
! colspan=3 | [[Vowel length|Short]]
! colspan=3 | Long
|-
! [[Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Central vowel|Central]]
! [[Back vowel|Back]]
! [[Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Central vowel|Central]]
! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| align=center| {{IPA|/i/}} i
| align=center| {{ }}
| align=center| {{IPA|/u/}} u
| align=center| {{IPA|/iː/}} í
| &nbsp;
| align=center| {{IPA|/uː/}} ú
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| align=center| {{IPA|/e/}} e
| align=center| {{ }}
| align=center| {{IPA|/o/}} o
| align=center| {{IPA|/eː/}} é
| &nbsp;
| align=center| {{IPA|/oː/}} ó
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| &nbsp;
| align=center| {{IPA|/a/}} a
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| align=center| {{IPA|/aː/}} á
| &nbsp;
|}

===Consonants===
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
!colspan="4"|
!colspan="2"| '''[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]'''
| '''[[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]'''
!colspan="2"| '''[[Dental consonant|Dental]]'''
!colspan="2"| '''[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]'''
!colspan="2"| '''[[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]'''
!colspan="2"| '''[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]'''
!colspan="2"| '''[[Velar consonant|Velar]]'''
!colspan="2"| '''[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]'''
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" rowspan="2" colspan="2"| '''[[Plosive consonant|Stop]]'''
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="2"| '''[[Aspiration (phonetics)|Unaspirated]]'''
| {{IPA|/p/}} p || {{IPA|/b/}} b || || {{IPA|/t̪/}} t || {{IPA|/d̪/}} d || {{IPA|/t/}} <u>t</u> || || {{IPA|/ʈ/}} d || {{IPA|/ɖ/}} d || {{IPA|/ʧ/}} ch || {{IPA|/ʤ/}} j || {{IPA|/k/}} k || {{IPA|/g/}} g
|colspan="2"|
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="2"| '''[[Aspiration (phonetics)|Aspirated]]'''
| {{IPA|/pʰ/}} ph || {{IPA|/bʱ/}} bh || || {{IPA|/t̪ʰ/}} th || {{IPA|/d̪ʱ/}} dh || || || {{IPA|/ʈʰ/}} tt || {{IPA|/ɖʱ/}} dd || {{IPA|/ʧʰ/}} tch || {{IPA|/ʤʱ/}} jh ||{{IPA|/kʰ/}} q || {{IPA|/gʱ/}} gh
|colspan="2"|
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="4"| '''[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]'''
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/m/}} m
|
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/n̪/}} n
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/n/}} n
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ɳ/}} ń
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ɲ/}} nj
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ŋ/}} ng
|colspan="2"|
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="4"| '''[[Approximant]]'''
|colspan="2"|
|style="font-weight: normal"|{{IPA|/ʋ/}} v
|colspan="4"|
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ɻ/}} zh
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/j/}} y
|colspan="4"|
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="4"| '''[[Liquid consonant|Liquid]]'''
|colspan="2"|
|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/r/}} r
|colspan="7"|
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="4"| '''[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]'''
|colspan="2"|
|style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/f/}} f
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/s/}} s
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ʂ/}} sh
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ɕ/}} ç
|colspan="2"|
|style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ɦ/}} h
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="4"| '''[[Flap consonant|Tap]]'''
|colspan="5"|
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ɾ/}} r
|colspan="7"|
|-
!bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="4"| '''[[Lateral approximant]]'''
|colspan="5"|
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/l/}} l
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal"| {{IPA|/ɭ/}} l
|colspan="5"|
|}


* The letter f represents both {{IPA|/pʰ/}}, a native phoneme, and {{IPA|/f/}}, which only occurs in borrowed words.

==Dialects and external influences==

Variations in [[Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] patterns, vocabulary, and distribution of grammatical and [[phonology|phonological]] elements are observable along the parameters of region, religion, community, occupation, social stratum, style and register. The older Indian was almost identical to Tamil. Unlike in other languages of India, [[Sanskrit]] was not considered an aristocratic and scholastic language among those use Indian language and the vocabulary consists of very small number of
Loan words. Influences from [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Syriac]] and [[Ladino language|Ladino]] abound in the [[Judeo-Indian|Jewish Indian dialects]], as well as [[English language|English]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Greek language|Greek]] have made Indian language rich.


==See also==

* [[Kerala]]
* [[Beary bashe]]
* [[Indian calendar]]
* [[Indian literature]]
* [[Indian cinema]]
* [[List of places in Kerala]]
* [[Manipravalam]]
* [[Demographics of India]] for a list of the official languages of India.
* [[Languages of India]]
* [[List of national languages of India]]
* [[List of Indian languages by total speakers]]



{{LangSA}}

==External links==
* [http://kerals.com/Indian/literature.htm More about Indian Literature]
* [http://www.puzha.com Puzha.com - First Online Malaylam Literary Magazine]
* [http://www.enteIndian.org Indian E-learning website by NORKA,Govt. of Kerala]
* [http://www.geocities.com/Indiangrammar Indian Grammar]
* [http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/prd2/mala/mala.htm Information on Indian language at Department of Public Relations, Government of Kerala]
* [http://www.languageshome.com/English-Indian.htm Useful Indian phrases in English and other Indian languages.]
* [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf Unicode Code Chart for Indian (PDF Format)]
* [http://www.writeka.com/Indian.html writeKA English-to-Indian Online Transliterator]
* [http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=mal Ethnologue report for Indian]
* [http://www.Indiandictionary.com Indian Online Dictionary]
* [http://www.iit.edu/~laksvij/language/Indian.html Indian Language Converter]
* [http://varamozhi.sf.net Indian Text Editor, Input Method Editor and Unicode Font]
* [http://Indiandirectory.net Indian Directory - Web directory about kerala sites in Indian language]
* [http://www.puzha.com/puzha/chowara/ Chowara Editor - Indian Editor Ver. 2.0]

{{InterWiki|code=ml}}

[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Dravidian languages]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Indian language|*]]
[[Category:Kerala]]
[[Category:Languages used in Tamil Nadu|Indian]]

[[am:ማላያላም]]
[[br:Indianeg]]
[[cs:Malajálamština]]
[[da:Indian]]
[[de:Indian]]
[[dv:މަލަޔާޅަމް]]
[[es:Indian]]
[[eo:Malajala lingvo]]
[[fr:Indian]]
[[ko:말라얄람어]]
[[hi:मलयालम भाषा]]
[[id:Bahasa Indian]]
[[it:Lingua Indian]]
[[he:מליילם]]
[[kn:ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]]
[[ka:მალაიალამი (ენა)]]
[[ml:മലയാളം]]
[[ms:Bahasa Indian]]
[[nl:Indian]]
[[ja:マラヤーラム語]]
[[no:Indian]]
[[nn:Indian]]
[[pl:Język malajalam]]
[[pt:Malaiala]]
[[ru:Малаялам]]
[[sa:मलयाळम्‌]]
[[simple:Indian]]
[[sl:Malajalščina]]
[[sr:Малајалам језик]]
[[fi:Malajalam]]
[[sv:Indian]]
[[ta:மலையாளம்]]
[[te:మలయాళ భాష]]
[[th:ภาษามาลายาลัม]]
[[zh:马拉雅拉姆语]]

Revision as of 11:31, 8 August 2007

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