Knobbed whelk

Knobbed whelk
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Sorbeoconcha
Family:	Melongenidae
Genus:	Busycon
Species:	B. carica
Binomial name
Busycon carica (Gmelin, 1791)

The knobbed whelk, Busycon carica, is a species of very large predatory sea snail, or in the USA whelk, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Melongenidae the busycon whelks and crown conches.

The knobbed whelk is the second largest species of busycon whelk, ranging in size up to 12 in (305 mm).

Distribution

Knobbed whelks are endemic to the North Atlantic coast of North America from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to northern Florida.

The knobbed whelk is common along the Georgia coast and is the state shell of New Jersey and Georgia.

Shell description

The shell of the knobbed whelk is dextral, meaning that it is right-handed. If you hold the shell in front of you, with the spiral end up and the opening facing you, the opening will be on the right side. The aperture of the shell (the inside of the opening) is orange.

External anatomy of the soft parts

The soft body comprises the head, the visceral mass, and the foot (which is small). The knobbed whelk has two pairs of tentacles on the head. The larger pair each have a light-sensitive eyespot. The smaller pair of tentacles is used for the sense of smell and the sense of touch.

Life habits

The knobbed whelk lives subtidally and is migratory, alternating between deep or shallow water, depending on the time of year.

The yearly migration pattern of the knobbed whelk involves two cycles. The knobbed whelk alternates between deep water of up to 48 m), in the weather extremes of both the summer and winter months, and shallow water, in the intervening months. During the shallow water phase, knobbed whelks live on near-shore or intertidal mud flats.

On the shallow-water mud flats whelk prey on oysters, clams, and other marine bivalves. They eat bivalves by separating the shells with their own hard shell and inserting their long proboscis to retrieve the flesh of their victim. They eat using a radula, a rough tongue-like organ that has thousands of tiny denticles (tooth-like protrusions).

Reproduction

Whelk egg case

Mating and egg laying also occur during the spring and fall migration. Internally fertilized eggs are surrounded by a transparent mass of albumen, a gel-like material, and are laid in protective flat, rounded egg capsules joined to form a paper-like chain of egg cases, commonly called a "Mermaid's Necklace". On average each capsule contains 0-99 eggs, with most strings having 40-160 capsules. After laying their egg cases, female knobbed whelk will bury one end of the egg case into the substrate, thus providing an anchor for the developing fertilized eggs and preventing them from washing ashore where they would dehydrate. Fertilized eggs will emerge as juvenile knobbed whelk approximately 4 mm in length.

Human use

As with conchs, the knobbed whelk is used by humans as food in such dishes as salads (raw), burgers, fritters, and chowders.

Also as is also true of conch shells, the shell of the knobbed whelk can be made into a natural bugle by cutting off the tip of the spire to form a mouthpiece.

External links

• Anatomy of the knobbed whelk