Lysis: Difference between revisions
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{{Unreferenced|date=July 2006}} |
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{{about|the biological definition of the word Lysis|other meanings|Lysis (disambiguation)}} |
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'''Lysis''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] ''{{Polytonic|λύσις}}'', ''lysis'' from ''lyein'' = to separate) refers to the death of a cell by breaking of the cellular membrane, often by viral or osmotic mechanisms that compromise its integrity.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} A solution containing the contents of lysed cells is called a "lysate". |
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==Applications== |
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Cell lysis is used mostly in [[western blotting]] to analyse the composition of specific [[proteins]], [[lipids]] and [[nucleic acids]] individually or as [[complexes]]. Depending upon the [[detergent]] that is used either all [[membranes]] are lysed or certain membranes are lysed, leaving other membranes intact. For example if the [[cell membrane]] only is lysed then [[gradient centrifugation]] can be used to collect certain [[organelle]]s - [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]], [[mitochondria]], [[lysosomes]], [[chloroplasts]] and [[endoplasmic reticulum]]. The isolated organelles can then be analysed by [[electron microscopy]] or [[western blotting]]. |
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==Cytolysis== |
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{{main|Cytolysis}} |
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[[Image:Osmotic pressure on blood cells diagram.svg|thumb|200px|right|blood cells under different solutions]] |
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Cytolysis is the lysis of [[cell (biology)|cells]] in a [[Tonicity#Hypotonicity|hypotonic]] environment. Cytolysis is caused by excessive [[osmosis]], or movement of water, towards the inside of a cell ([[hyperhydration]]). The [[cell membrane]] cannot withstand the [[osmotic pressure]] of the water inside, and so it [[explode]]s. Osmosis occurs from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential passing through a [[semipermeable membrane]], so these bursting cells are located in hypotonic environments. |
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Cytolysis can be prevented by several different mechanisms, including the [[contractile vacuole]] that exists in some [[paramecium|paramecia]] which rapidly pump water out of the system of the cell. |
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Cytolysis does not occur under normal conditions in plant cells because plant cells have a strong cell wall that contains the osmotic pressure, or turgor pressure, that would otherwise cause cytolysis to occur. |
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==Plasmolysis== |
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[[Image:Rhoeo Discolor - Plasmolysis.jpg|thumbnail|right|Plasmolysis]] |
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{{main|Plasmolysis}} |
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Plasmolysis is the contraction of [[cell (biology)|cell]]s within plants due to the loss of water through [[osmosis]]. In a [[Tonicity#Hypertonicity|hypertonic]] environment, the cell membrane peels off of the [[cell wall]] and the [[vacuole]] collapses. These cells will eventually wilt and die unless the flow of water caused by osmosis can stop the contraction of the [[cell membrane]]. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Cell disruption]] |
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*[[Hemolysis]] |
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*[[Lysogenic]] |
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*[[Crenation]] |
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[[Category:Cell biology]] |
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[[de:Lyse (Biologie)]] |
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[[es:Lisis]] |
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[[nl:Lyse]] |
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[[pl:Liza]] |
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[[ru:Лизис]] |
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