Fluorine deficiency: Difference between revisions
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'''Fluoride''' or '''fluorine deficiency''' is a disorder which causes increased [[dental caries]] risk and possibly [[osteoporosis]] due to a lack of [[fluoride]] in the diet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec01/ch005/ch005d.html|title=Fluorine|publisher=[[Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy|Merck]]|accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref> |
'''Fluoride''' or '''fluorine deficiency''' is a disorder which causes increased [[dental caries]] risk and possibly [[osteoporosis]] due to a lack of [[fluoride]] in the diet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec01/ch005/ch005d.html|title=Fluorine|publisher=[[Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy|Merck]]|accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002420.htm|title=Fluoride in diet|publisher=[[MedlinePlus]]|accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref> The extent to which the condition truly exists, and its relationship to [[fluoride poisoning]] has given rise to some controversy. The [[World Health Organization]] does not consider fluorine to be an essential nutrient, but recognizes its importance in preventing [[dental caries|tooth decay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/en/nutoverview.pdf|title=Essential nutrients in drinking-water (Draft)|publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]]|accessdate=2008-12-30}}</ref> |
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Prior to 1981, the effect of fluorides was thought to be systemic,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Aoba T, Fejerskov O |title=Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology |journal=Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=155–70 |year=2002 |pmid=12097358 |doi= |url=http://crobm.iadrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12097358}}</ref> requiring ingestion, but the effect is now believed to be almost exclusively topical.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pizzo G, Piscopo MR, Pizzo I, Giuliana G |title=Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review |journal=Clin Oral Investig |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=189–93 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17333303 |doi=10.1007/s00784-007-0111-6 |url=}}</ref> A role in osteoporosis has been researched, but a trial of fluoride treatment had no effect on osteoporosis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Boulétreau PH, Bost M, Fontanges E, ''et al'' |title=Fluoride exposure and bone status in patients with chronic intestinal failure who are receiving home parenteral nutrition |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=1429–37 |year=2006 |month=June |pmid=16762955 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16762955}}</ref> |
Prior to 1981, the effect of fluorides was thought to be systemic,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Aoba T, Fejerskov O |title=Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology |journal=Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=155–70 |year=2002 |pmid=12097358 |doi= |url=http://crobm.iadrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12097358}}</ref> requiring ingestion, but the effect is now believed to be almost exclusively topical.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pizzo G, Piscopo MR, Pizzo I, Giuliana G |title=Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review |journal=Clin Oral Investig |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=189–93 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17333303 |doi=10.1007/s00784-007-0111-6 |url=}}</ref> A role in osteoporosis has been researched, but a trial of fluoride treatment had no effect on osteoporosis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Boulétreau PH, Bost M, Fontanges E, ''et al'' |title=Fluoride exposure and bone status in patients with chronic intestinal failure who are receiving home parenteral nutrition |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=1429–37 |year=2006 |month=June |pmid=16762955 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16762955}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:24, 6 January 2009
| Fluorine deficiency |
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Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which causes increased dental caries risk and possibly osteoporosis due to a lack of fluoride in the diet.[1][2] The extent to which the condition truly exists, and its relationship to fluoride poisoning has given rise to some controversy. The World Health Organization does not consider fluorine to be an essential nutrient, but recognizes its importance in preventing tooth decay.[3]
Prior to 1981, the effect of fluorides was thought to be systemic,[4] requiring ingestion, but the effect is now believed to be almost exclusively topical.[5] A role in osteoporosis has been researched, but a trial of fluoride treatment had no effect on osteoporosis.[6]
Fluoride is considered essential in the development and maintenance of teeth by the American Dental Hygienists' Association.[7] Caries-inhibiting effects of fluoride were first seen in 1902 when fluoride in high concentrations was found to stain teeth and prevent tooth decay.[8]
Disputes over the essentiality of fluorine date back to the 19th century, when fluorine was observed in teeth and bones.[9] In 1973 a trial found reduced reproduction in mice fed fluorine-deficient diets, but a subsequent investigation determined that this was due to reduced iron absorption.[10]
References
- ^ "Fluorine". Merck. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
- ^ "Fluoride in diet". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
- ^ "Essential nutrients in drinking-water (Draft)" (PDF). WHO. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
- ^ Aoba T, Fejerskov O (2002). "Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology". Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 13 (2): 155–70. PMID 12097358.
- ^ Pizzo G, Piscopo MR, Pizzo I, Giuliana G (2007). "Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review". Clin Oral Investig. 11 (3): 189–93. doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0111-6. PMID 17333303.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Boulétreau PH, Bost M, Fontanges E; et al. (2006). "Fluoride exposure and bone status in patients with chronic intestinal failure who are receiving home parenteral nutrition". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83 (6): 1429–37. PMID 16762955.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development". ADHA. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
- ^ "History of Dentistry in the Pikes Peak Region". Colorado Springs Dental Society. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ Meiers P. Fluoride Research in the 19th and early 20th century . Retrieved 2009-1-4.
- ^ Tao S, Suttie JW (1976). "Evidence for a lack of an effect of dietary fluoride level on reproduction in mice". J. Nutr. 106 (8): 1115–22. PMID 939992.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)
See also
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