United States Civil War: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[American Civil War]] |
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A [[civil war]] fought in the USA between the northern states, known as the Union and the southern states, |
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calling themselves the Confederacy. The causes of the war included state's rights versus federal |
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rights, economic and cultural differences but mainly, [[slavery]]. |
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The war is also known as The War of Northern Aggression, the War Between the States or the United States Secession War. |
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The Southern states consisted of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. |
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The Union was led by President [[Abraham Lincoln]] and the Confederacy by President [[Jefferson Davis]]. |
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It began in 12 April 1861 when Confederate forces opened fire on [[Fort Sumter]] in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. A near-immediate march by Union troops on the Confederate capital of [[Richmond]], VA, was halted in the [[First Bull Run]], whereupon they were forced back to [[Washington, D.C.]] by Confederate troops under the command of [["Stonewall" Jackson]]. [[General George McClellan]] took control of the Union armies, and the war began in earnest in 1862. |
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After his defeat in [[The Seven Days]] and his inability to engage Confederate troops after his victory at [[Antietam]], McClellan was replaced by [[General Ambrose Burnside]]. Burnside suffered near-immediate defeat in the battle of [[Fredricksburg]], and was replaced by [[General Joseph Hooker]]. Hooker, too, proved unable to defeat the enemy, and was relieved after the disastrous battle of [[Chancellorsville]]. He was replaced by [[General George Meade]], who started to make progress after winning a victory at [[Gettysburg]]. |
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The Union's key strategist was [[Ulysses S. Grant]], however, who won victories at [[Vicksburg]], [[Mississippi]], and was able to drive the confederacy out of [[Tennessee]]. At the beginning of 1864, Grant was given control of the Union armies. He slowly ground down the Confederate armies; he laid siege to their forces in the [[siege of Petersburg]] while [[General William Sherman]] marched on [[Atlanta]] and laid waste to much of the rest of [[Georgia]]. |
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The war ended in April 1865 with the surrender of Confederate forces. Lee surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia on 9 April 1865 at [[Appomattox Court house]]. [[J.E. Johnson]], who was in charge of the army in North Carolina, surrendered his troops to Sherman shortly thereafter. |
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Major battles included [[First Bull Run]], [[Second Bull Run]], [[Shiloh]], [[The Seven Days]], [[Antietam]], [[Vicksburg]], [[Gettysburg]], and the [[siege of Petersburg]]. The most significant naval battle was between the [[Monitor]] and the [[CSS Virginia]], which is often claimed to be the first modern naval battle. |
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Significant Southern military leaders included [[Robert E Lee]], [[Thomas Stonewall Jackson]] and [[James Longstreet]]. Northern leaders included [[Ulysess Grant]], [[William T Sherman]], and [[George Meade]] |
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This war ended with the freedom of all slaves and a great deal of ill-will among the Southern survivors. |
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See [[Jim Crow laws]] and [[Ku Klux Klan]]. |
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Revision as of 20:37, 3 September 2001
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