China Central Television: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Company |
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| company_name = China Central Television (CCTV) <br/>中国中央电视台 |
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| company_logo = [[Image:CCTV logo.png|150px]] |
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| company_type = [[Television network]], <br>[[Satellite television]] and <br>[[Cable television]] |
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| foundation = September 2, 1958 |
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| location = {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[China]] |
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| key_people = Jiao Li (President)<br />Zhang Changming (Vice-President) |
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| industry = [[Broadcasting|Television Broadcasting]] |
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| products = Television content, Television programming |
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| revenue = |
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| operating_income = [[RMB]] 1,120,000,000 (In US$: 250,000,000+) |
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| net_income = |
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| num_employees = 10,000 |
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| parent = [[State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television]] |
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| subsid = |
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| homepage = [http://www.cctv.com] |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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[[Image:CCTV Building.jpg|thumb|right|CCTV's outgoing headquarters]] |
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'''China Central Television''' or '''Chinese Central Television''', commonly abbreviated as '''CCTV''' ({{zh-stp|s=中国中央电视台|t=中國中央電視臺|p=Zhōngguó Zhōngyāng Diànshìtái}}) is the major [[State media|state]] [[television network|television broadcaster]] in [[mainland China]]. CCTV has a network of 19 channels broadcasting different programmes and is accessible to more than one billion viewers.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/22/sports/olympics/22cctv.html?_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&oref=slogin Olympics Are Ratings Bonanza for Chinese TV, NYT]</ref> Most of its programmes are a mixture of documentary, comedy, entertainment and drama, the majority of which consists of Chinese [[soap opera]]s and entertainment. |
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==History== |
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CCTV aired its first ever programme on September 2, 1958, under the name Peking Television （北京电视台）, after an experimental broadcasting in May 1, 1958. It began its official broadcast on September 2, 1958. |
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On May 1st 1973, Peking Television began its colour experimental broadcast in PAL-D system on its second channel on every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. |
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The name was changed to CCTV on May 1, 1978.<ref>[http://www.cctv.com/english/20030805/101215.shtml "About us", cctv.com, 08-05-2003]</ref> |
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At the end of 1970s, it had evening programs only, usually ending at midnight. During the summer and winter time, it occasionally broadcasted daytime programming for students (who were on vacation). In 1980, CCTV experimented with news relays from local and central television studios via [[microwave]].<ref>Miller, T. (2003). ''Television: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies.'' Routledge. ISBN 978-0415255028.</ref> By 1985, CCTV had already become a leading television network in China. In 1987, popularity of the CCTV was primed due to the faithful adaptation and presentation of ''[[Dream of the Red Chamber]]''. This [[Dream of the Red Chamber (1987 TV series)|36-episode TV series]], the first Chinese television drama to enter the global market,<ref name=kops>Kops, M. & Ollig, S. ''Internationalization of the Chinese TV Sector.'' LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2007. pp. 33. ISBN 978-3825807535.</ref> is available on [[DVD]] and is still very popular. In the same year, CCTV had exported 10,216 programmes to 77 foreign television stations.<ref name=kops/> |
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Initially, the [[Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee]] issued directives as to what was appropriate for broadcasting and was not. During reform in the 1990s, the Party adopted new criteria for CCTV: "affordability" and "acceptability", loosening the previous central control.<ref>Kops & Ollig, pp. 34.</ref> Affordability refers to purchasing ability of programs, and acceptability requires that a programme has acceptable content, preventing broadcasts of material that are against the [[Communist Party of China|CPC]], [[socialism]] or [[communism]], or feature sexual or violent content.<ref>Kops & Ollig, pp. 35.</ref> |
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Like many media outlets in China, CCTV had its state subsidy reduced dramatically in the 1990s, and has since found it necessary to balance its role both as a government agency and commercial broadcaster.<ref>Barboza, David (August 21, 2008). [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/22/sports/olympics/22cctv.html?_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&oref=slogin Olympics Are Ratings Bonanza for Chinese TV]. ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref><ref>[http://big5.cctv.com/english/special/help/01/index.shtml CCTV.com Help Center]. CCTV.</ref> |
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On September 2, 2008, the new [[CCTV Headquarters]] was opened on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of CCTV. |
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Today, CCTV has 16 national channels, most of them aired around the clock - 24 hour a day, and a [[High-definition television|High Definition]] channel. |
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CCTV improves the [[Dolby Stereo]], [[Dolby Surround]], [[Dolby SR]], [[Dolby Digital]] Advanced Sound Quality Definition and Improvment System Support, developed by [[Dolby Laboratories]], [[DTS (sound system)]] (Stereo Expansion Support), and the [[Sony Dynamic Digital Sound]] (SDDS Support) to make the viewers worldwide even in china so that the company makes better and brighter. (These features are not yet available until the next generation television broadcasting continues.) |
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===2009 fire=== |
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{{main|Beijing Television Cultural Center fire}} |
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On February 9, 2009, [[Beijing Television Cultural Center fire|Television Cultural Center]] caught fire on the last day of the festivities of [[Lunar New Year|Chinese New Year]], killing one firefighter.<ref name=nyt>{{cite news |first=Andrew|last=Jacobs|title= Fire Ravages Renowned Building in Beijing |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/world/asia/10beijing.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=beijing%20fire&st=cse |work=[[New York Times]] |publisher=|date=2009-02-09 |accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> The blaze rendered the 42-story structure unusable, as the zinc and titanium alloy of the outer skin was burnt.<ref name="NYTravage">{{cite news|work=New York Times|title=Fire Ravages Renowned Building in Beijing |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/world/asia/10beijing.html |first=Andrew|last=Jacobs|date=2009-02-09|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref><ref>[http://pasternacking.blogspot.com/2007_03_01_archive.html#8119102848719349917 Pasternack, Alex, Pulling Up Architecture by the Boot, March 2007]</ref> The Mandarin Oriental Hotel was destroyed before its expected 2009 opening.<ref name=nyt/> |
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The fire had implications for the credibility of CCTV, which was already unpopular because of its dominance in the media.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/38400de8-f9c2-11dd-9daa-000077b07658.html Beijing fire evokes mixed reactions], ''Financial Times'', February 13, 2009.</ref> The incident was mocked by [[netizens]] who reproduced [[Photoshop]]ped photos of the fire and criticised CCTV for [[Censorship in the People's Republic of China|censoring]] coverage. Pictures of the fire were widely broadcast on the internet, as a result of [[citizen journalism]].<ref>[http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/world/18432-credibility-of-cctv-tarnished-by-big-fire Credibility of CCTV tarnished by big fire], ''The Malaysian Insider'', February 16, 2009.</ref> |
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== Organization == |
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[[Image:CCTV-new-building.jpg|thumb|right|Key staff are transferring to CCTV's new headquarters]] |
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China Central Television, which employs about 10,000 people and had an annual income of ¥ 1.2 billion yuan in 2006,<ref name=ad>[http://www.adweek.com/aw/google/article_brief/1003541507 CCTV: One Network, 1.2 Billion Viewers], ''Adweek'', February 5, 2007.</ref> falls under the supervision of the [[State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television]] which is in turn subordinate to the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China]]. A Vice [[Political minister|Minister]] in the latter ministry serves as chairman of CCTV. The organisation has relationships with regional television stations run by local governments, which must reserve up to two channels for the national broadcaster.<ref name=ad/> |
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The [[television network|network]]'s principal directors and other officers are appointed by the State, and so are the top officials at local conventional television stations in mainland China; nearly all of them are restricted to [[broadcasting]] within their own province or [[municipality]]—that receive CCTV broadcasts. Its [[editorial independence]] is subject to government policy considerations, and as a result, it has been charged with being "[[propaganda]] aimed at brainwashing the audience" in its history and news programmes. The letter, written by a number of Chinese intellectuals who also called for a boycott of state media, was posted on a US-based website and has circulated through Chinese websites.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7824255.stm China TV faces propaganda charge], ''BBC News'', January 12, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_325896.html 'Boycott state media' call], ''The Straits Times'', January 14, 2009.</ref> |
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The organization itself is considered one of the "big three" media outlets in China, along with the ''[[People's Daily]]'' and [[Xinhua]].<ref>Li, J. & Lee, C. (2000). ''Power, Money, and Media: Communication Patterns and Bureaucratic Control in Cultural China.'' Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810117877.</ref> |
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==Programs== |
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CCTV produces its own [[news]] broadcasts three times a day and is the country's most powerful and prolific television program producer. |
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Its thirty-minute evening news, ''[[Xinwen Lianbo]]'' ("network news", "news relay"), is on the air at 7:00 PM Beijing Time. By far, it is the most known and watched news program in China which mainland Chinese watch to keep up with the government's politics: all local stations are required to carry CCTV's 7 p.m. main news broadcast; an internal CCTV survey indicates that nearly 500 million people countrywide regularly watch this program.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/the-chinese-media-more-autonomous-and-diverse-within-limits/copy_of_1.htm The Chinese Media: More Autonomous and Diverse—Within Limits], ''CIA''.</ref> However, the figure has slumped in recent years; the program has 10% of the ratings market, compared to 40% before 1998 - and around 72.8 million currently watch ''Xinwen Lianbo''.<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-06/10/content_8266365.htm CCTV to revamp flagship news program], ''[[China Daily]]'', June 10, 2009</ref> |
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[[Image:China Central Television logo.png|150px|right|thumb|Former logo of China Central Television<ref>[http://www.tujiji.com/blog/post/20.html Logos of major television stations in China]</ref><ref>[http://www.zznews.cn/llpd/zcjd/2009-2-20/200922060K+ZM5aWW91610.shtml 央视台标之争：文化自尊还是法律问题]</ref><ref>[http://www.mingzong.com/history_today/0902/shishangtoutiao&p= 北京电视台（中央电视台前身）正式开播]</ref>]] |
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Although news reform has been a prominent feature of CCTV networks, the Evening News has remained relatively the same since its first appearance in the early 1980s, having mainly focused on leaders receiving foreign guests and going on visits to foreign countries, the CPC's leaders having top meetings or conferences, and stories of courage that are supposed to exemplify one form or another of communism.<ref>Malek, A. & Kavoori, A. P. ''The Global Dynamics of News: Studies in International News Coverage and News Agenda.'' Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. ISBN 978-1567504620.</ref> Many important political news stories are broadcast through that program. |
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''Focus'' is also a popular programme on CCTV, first introduced in 1994. The discussion programme regularly exposes wrong-doing by local officials, which attracts attention from higher levels of government that is taken seriously and hold a meeting to discuss what to do about a particular problem. The programme later announces how the Chinese government has tackled the problem. The programme is a chance for strong investigative journalism.<ref name=shirk>Shirk, S. L. (2007). ''China: Fragile Superpower.'' Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0195306095.</ref> |
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Its yearly special program of celebrating the Chinese New Year, the [[CCTV New Year's Gala]], is the most watched program.<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2009/0214/1233867937626.html 'Green Dragon' fires up Chinese hopes], ''Irish Times'', February 14, 2009.</ref> In 2007 research data shows that the Gala was watched by over 800 million people all over the world. It started in the early 1980s. Each year, some singers and comedians become famous because of their single performance that night. |
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The network, considered the most authoritative in China, is usually the best place for advertisers to win consumer trust of their products - and to compete with local cable channels.<ref name=shirk/> |
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In 2003, CCTV launched its first 24-hour news channel, initially available to cable viewers.<ref name=lat>Latham, K. ''Pop Culture China!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle.'' ABC-CLIO, 2007. pp.60 ISBN 978-1851095827.</ref> |
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== Audience share == |
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China's television audience rose to 1.2 billion in 2007, counting viewers aged four and older.<ref>[http://adage.com/results?start=30&endeca=1&return=endeca&D=11%2F05%2F2008&Nty=1&N=4294966457&Ns=P_Ranking|1 China's TV audience passes 1.2 billion], ''Advertising Age'', January 9, 2008.</ref> The [[2008 Summer Olympics]] coverage on CCTV resulted in an aggregate 41% audience share across its network.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/feeds/businesswire/2008/11/24/businesswire116982152.html China Mass Media Announces Third Quarter 2008 Unaudited Financial Results]. ''Forbes'', November 24, 2008.</ref> However, as more content is becoming more diversified, there has been some concern that the audience is fragmenting, as the network is losing out to cable, satellite and regional networks.<ref>Li, J. & Lee, C. ''Chinese Media, Global Contexts: Global Contexts.'' Routledge, 2003. pp. 168. ISBN 978-0415303347.</ref> In [[Guangzhou]] for example, CCTV programming only accounted for 45% of a weeks viewing, compared to 78% for Hong Kong's ''[[TVB Jade]]'' and ''[[Asia Television Limited|ATV]]'' and 80% for [[Guangzhou TV]].<ref>Yuan, Elaine J. (2008). [http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/854019__791458002.pdf Diversity of exposure in television viewing: audience fragmentation and polarization in Guangzhou.] ''Chinese Journal of Communication'' 1:1, 91 — 108.</ref> Similarly, [[Shanghai]]'s local stations reported a 71% audience share over CCTV<ref>Wang, J. ''Brand New China: Advertising, Media, and Commercial Culture.'' Harvard University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0674026803.</ref> and popular dramas in a large number of Chinese cities were located on regional channels.<ref name=lat/> However, the CCTV New Year's Gala remains extremely popular, which CCTV has at times estimated more than a 90% audience share.<ref name=lat/> |
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==Personalities== |
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Producing a variety of different programming, China Central Television has a number of different program hosts, [[news anchor]]s, correspondents, and [[contributor]]s which appear throughout daily programing on the network. |
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'''CCTV-1 anchors''' |
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*[[Li Yong]] (gameshows and [[CCTV New Year's Gala]]) |
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*[[Bai Yansong]] |
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*[[Zhu Jun (host)|Zhu Jun]] |
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*[[Zhou Tao]] |
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'''CCTV-9 program hosts''' |
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*[[Yin Chen(TV)]] - ''Culture Express'' |
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*[[Marc Edwards(TV)]] - ''Travelogue'' |
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*[[Michele Lean]] - ''Travelogue, Center Stage'' |
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*[[Edwin Maher]] - ''CCTV News'' |
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*[[Mark Rowswell|Mark "Dashan" Rowswell]] - ''Communicate in Chinese'' |
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*[[Tracey Grebinski]] - "Rediscovering China" |
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==Channels== |
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The CCTV channels are listed in sequential order with no discerning descriptions, e.g. CCTV-1, CCTV-2, etc, similar to those channels in Europe and in other places around the world. |
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<div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> |
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{| |
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* [[CCTV-1]] General |
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* [[CCTV-2]] Economics |
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* [[CCTV-3]] Arts and Entertainment |
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* [[CCTV-4]] International, in Chinese |
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* [[CCTV-5]] Sports |
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* [[CCTV-6]] Movie Channel |
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* [[CCTV-7]] Military/Agriculture/Children |
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* [[CCTV-8]] TV series |
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* [[CCTV-9]] English language International news channel |
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* [[CCTV-10]] Science and Education |
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* [[CCTV-11]] Chinese Traditional Opera (Including Peking Opera, Kun Qu, etc) |
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* [[CCTV-12]] Society and Law |
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* [[CCTV News Channel|CCTV-News]]（CCTV 新闻） – Chinese language news channel |
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* [[CCTV-Children]](CCTV 少儿） – Children's channel |
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* [[CCTV-Music]]（CCTV 音乐） – Classic and Folk Music |
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* [[CCTV-E]] International, in Spanish |
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* [[CCTV-F]] International, in French |
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*[[CCTV International Arabic|CCTV-العربية]] Arabic language International news channel |
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* [[CCTV-HD]] – High-definition programming |
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|} |
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</div> |
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==Overseas broadcasting== |
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It is possible to receive channels CCTV-4 ([[Mandarin language|Mandarin]] channel targeted at an oversea Chinese audience), CCTV-9 (targeting an English-speaking audience), CCTV-E in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and CCTV-F in [[French language|French]] outside China by using a [[Digital Video Broadcasting|Digital Video Broadcast]] signal (plus additional broadcast support together with [[Dolby Stereo]], [[Dolby Surround]], [[Dolby SR]], [[Dolby Digital]] Advanced Sound Quality Definition and Improvment System Support, technologized & develop by [[Dolby Laboratories]], [[DTS (sound system)]] (Stereo Expansion Support), and the [[Sony Dynamic Digital Sound]] (SDDS Support) for digital audio system supportments). CCTV has just recently switched from [[analog television|analog]] to DVB primarily due to better signal quality and the ability to charge for reception (about 10 USD per year subscription). The overseas channels are widely available across many cable and satellite providers. The CCTV administration is also planned to start a CCTV Russian and CCTV Arabic stations by 2009、start a CCTV Portuguese station by 2010、start a CCTV English-News station by 2011. |
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CCTV-4 split into three channels on April 1, 2007; one is for [[China Standard Time]], the second is for [[Greenwich Mean Time]] (GMT), and the third is for [[Eastern Standard Time]] (EST), in order to improve service for audiences around the world.<ref name=ad/> |
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On July 25, 2009, CCTV launched its [[Arabic language|Arabic]]-language [[CCTV International Arabic|international channel]], stating that it aims to maintain stronger links with Arabic nations and that the new channel will "serve as an important bridge to strengthen communication and understanding between China and Arab countries".<ref>[http://www.cctv.com/program/newshour/20090724/104693.shtml CCTV launches Arabic international channel] - CCTV.com</ref> The new Arabic Channel will reach the Middle East, North Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. CCTV also has plans for a [[Russian language|Russian-language]] channel.<ref>[http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20090725-157065.html CCTV launches Arabic channel] - asiaone News, July 25, 2009.</ref><ref>Bristow, Michael (July 25, 2009). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8166486.stm China launches Arabic TV channel]. [[BBC News]].</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Media in the People's Republic of China]] |
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* [[Television in the People's Republic of China]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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== External links == |
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{{commonscat}} |
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* [http://tv.cctv.com/live_t/ CCTV Live Site] {{zh icon}} |
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* [http://www.cctv.com CCTV Official Site] {{zh icon}} |
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* [http://english.cctv.com/ CCTV] {{en icon}} |
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* [http://espanol.cctv.com/ CCTV] {{es icon}} |
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* [http://fr.cctv.com/ CCTV] {{fr icon}} |
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* [http://arabic.cctv.com/ CCTV] {{ar icon}} |
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* [http://news.cctv.com/ CCTV News Channel Site] {{zh icon}} |
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* [http://www.cctvgb.com.cn CTV Golden Bridge] {{zh icon}} |
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* [http://labs.cctv.com CCTV LABS] {{zh icon}} |
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{{CCTV}} |
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{{Television in the People's Republic of China}} |
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[[Category:China Central Television| ]] |
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[[Category:Foreign television channels broadcasting in the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:Publicly funded broadcasters]] |
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[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1958]] |
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[[Category:Cable TV of Hong Kong]] |
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[[Category:Multilingual news services]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:Tiong-iong Tiān-sī-tâi]] |
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[[de:China Central Television]] |
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[[es:Televisión Central de China]] |
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[[fr:Télévision centrale de Chine]] |
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[[ko:중국중앙방송]] |
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[[id:CCTV]] |
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[[it:China Central Television]] |
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[[ka:ჩინეთის ცენტრალური ტელევიზია]] |
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[[hu:Kínai Központi Televízió]] |
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[[ms:Televisyen Pusat China]] |
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[[nl:China Central Television]] |
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[[ja:中国中央電視台]] |
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[[no:China Central Television]] |
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[[nn:China Central Television]] |
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[[pl:China Central Television]] |
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[[pt:CCTV]] |
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[[ru:Центральное телевидение Китая]] |
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[[fi:CCTV]] |
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[[sv:China Central Television]] |
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[[th:ไชนาเซ็นทรัลเทเลวิชั่น]] |
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[[vi:Đài truyền hình trung ương Trung Quốc]] |
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[[zh:中国中央电视台]] |
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