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EUREKA, often abbreviated as "E!", is a pan-European Research and Development funding and coordination organization. EUREKA aims to coordinate efforts of governments and commercial companies. It does not partake in military research and is base don a bottom-up approach, the industry deciding of the project to be financed and developped. Originally founded in 1985 to challenge the increasing migration of R&D and industrial innovation to Asian and North-American countries, EUREKA now unites 38 member countries.

At this time of writing (January 2010), EUREKA counted 39 full members, including the European Union, represented by the European Commission. Among the members, 26 of the present 27 EU Member States are also members of Eureka (the last EU Member State of the EU to join EUREKA was Malta, in June 2006, since Bulgaria is on the way to become a member formally in 2010. The Russian Federation joined in 1993.

EUREKA is not an EU research programme, but rather an inter-governmental initiative, of which the EU is a member. However, a large cooperation and synergy is sought between EUREKA and the research activities of the EU proper, notably with the EU Framework Programme for Research and Development and the European Research Area.

EUREKA Projects are numbered, preceded by 'E!'.

EUREKA Foundation

EUREKA was established with the "Paris Declaration" of July 17, 1985, and its principles are based on the later Hannover Declaration, subscribed by Ministers on November 6, 1985. At the origin of the organisation are found several political personnalities in between others Helmut Kohl, German Chancellor from 1982 to 1998, and François Mitterrand, French President from 1981 to 1995.

EUREKA Members

Member country	Year of joining
Austria	1985
Belgium	1985
Croatia	2000
Cyprus	2002
Czech Republic	1995
Denmark	1985
Estonia	2001
Finland	1985
France	1985
Germany	1985
Greece	1985
Hungary	1992
Iceland	1985
Ireland	1985
Israel	2000
Italy	1985
Latvia	2000
Lithuania	1999
Luxembourg	1985
Macedonia	2008
Malta	2006
Monaco	2005
The Netherlands	1985
Norway	1985
Poland	1995
Portugal	1985
Romania	1997
Russian Federation	1993
Republic of San Marino	2005
Serbia	2002
Slovak Republic	2001
Slovenia	1994
Spain	1985
Sweden	1985
Switzerland	1985
Turkey	1985
Ukraine	2006
United Kingdom	1985
European Union	1985

Specific Projects

E95! was a 730Million Euro HDTV project, which created the HD-MAC standard for high definition television.
E147! was a 93Million Euro digital audio broadcasting project whose technologies went int Musicam, and which was used as the basis for MPEG-1 Layer II (MP2) and used in DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast), and ASPEC (Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Coding), which was used in a modified form in MP3 audio.
E45! helped to fund the PROMETHEUS project for safer road vehicles, such as through autonomous driving with 745Million Euro.
E127! paid 3.8Billion Euro into JESSI project (Joint European Submicron Silicon) whose goal is to regain ground lost to Asia and the USA in microchips.
E2551! cost 6.1Million Euro for the integration of existing CAD/CAM programs under a common user interface, part of which was paid to Vero Software Plc
E3674! is Information Technology for European Advancement (ITEA2), an industry-driven cooperative R & D programme for maintaining European leadership in software-intensive systems. ITEA2 Projects notably include WellCom, OSAMI-E and Easy Interactions.